鳖的形态学统计分析

利用生物统计学的方法对鳖的形态进行了分析 ,结果如下 :鳖的年龄 (Y)与体重 (X)的一元回归方程为 :Y =0 0 0 736 1X 0 4 534,年龄 (Y)与腹甲长 (X)的一元回归方程为 :Y =0 2 4 59X- 0 5480 ;雌雄鳖尾长差异显著 (P <0 0 5) ,雄鳖体重 (Y)对尾长 (X)的一元回归方程为 :Y =2 56 6 4X - 82 8 6 0 ;野生鳖体重 (Y)对背甲长 (X1)、体高 (X5)、头长 (X8)、眼径 (X9)、口裂 (X12 )等 13个形态学指标的最优多元回归方程为 :Y =880 51 6 79 16X1- 10 6 0 91X5 146 4 72X8- 82 96 6 4X9- 3142 0 9X12 ;控温条件下快速生长鳖体重 (Y)对腹甲宽 (X4 )、体高 (X5)、头发 (X8)、眼间距(X10 )、尾长 (X13)等 13个形态学指标的最优多元回归方程为 :Y =- 97 4 6 38 99X4 30 2 6X5-2 9 34X8 140 83X10 - 30 4 2X13.     

皮氏菊头蝠回声定位声波与年龄的关系

皮氏菊头蝠 (Rhinolophuspearsoni)雌性成体 5只和幼体 2只采自贵州省贞丰县珉谷镇。采用超声波探测仪 (D980 ,ULTRASOUNDDETECTOR)接收皮氏菊头蝠的回声定位声波 ,转换到原频率的 1 / 1 0后导入计算机 ,然后用专业声谱分析软件 (Batsound 3 1 0 )进行分析。成蝠在飞行和悬挂状态下的声波结构相似 ,只是声波各项参数值略有不同 :它们发射FM CF FM型声波 ,具有 2～ 3个谐波 ,主频率在飞行时为 5 6 80± 0 6 2kHz ,悬挂时为 5 8 0 5± 0 2 4kHz ;声脉冲时间和间隔在飞行时分别为 3 4 6 2± 5 2 9ms和 86 5 0± 1 9 72ms ,悬挂时分别为 4 1 0 8± 5 87ms和 1 1 7 2 9± 6 6 4 4ms ;能率环飞行时为 ( 4 4 0 6± 1 2 5 8) % ,悬挂时为 ( 4 6 0 0±2 4 2 5 ) %。幼蝠声波为CF FM型 ,谐波数为 5～ 8个 ,主频率明显低于成体 ,FM带宽窄于成体 ,声脉冲时间和间隔短于成体 ,能率环低于成体。皮氏菊头蝠回声定位声波与年龄有关 ,这可能因成体的声波主要是探测食物和周围环境的详细信息 ,而幼体主要是与母蝠进行交流。     

番茄田二代棉铃虫发生规律及药剂防治

第 2代棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera是危害番茄最严重的世代 ,95 %左右的卵产在番茄植株顶尖至第 4复叶层的嫩梢、嫩叶、果萼和茎基上 ,6月 2 0日至 7月 5日累计平均每株落卵 32 8粒。在番茄上第 2代棉铃虫的卵量和幼虫量与第 1代蛾量密切相关 ,卵量 (Y1)与第 1代蛾量 (x)关系式为 :Y1=-31 5 9+ 1 7783X ,n =6 ,r=0 85 6 2 ,幼虫量 (Y2 )与第 1代蛾量 (X)关系式为Y2 =31 3+ 0 1 34X ,n =6 ,r=0 86 5 2 。在第 2代棉铃虫产卵初盛期应用Bt菌剂含孢子 1 0 0亿个 mL ,2 0 0倍液喷雾 3次 ,或 1 8%阿维菌素 1 2 1 5g (a .i.) hm2 兑水喷雾 2次 ,防效显著。     

北美车前(Plantago virginica)种群密度制约的统计分析

本文调查了北美车前（Plantago virginica)种群密度对植株形态参数的影响。统计表明：北美车前营养生长期间,种群密度对形态参数的影响不大,在生殖生长期间,各形态在参数受到种群密度较大的制约,单株叶数（Y1）,叶长（Y2）,叶宽（Y3）,鲜重（Y4）,根重（Y5）,花穗（Y6）,花穗长（Y7）,花数（Y8）,花序重（Y9）和花穗重／营养体（Y10）与种群密度（X）存在如下关系Y1＝22.0428-2.3022lnX,X2=21.4185 2.183lnX,Y3=4.9934-0.5048lnX,Y4=0.1567 699.574/X,Y5=7.7310X^-0.7606,Y6=0.9019 318.886/X,Y7=2.4236 179.425/X,Y8=46.3069 6914.07/X,Y9=0.1382 15.9598/X和Y10＝0．047＋0．0002X。文章还比较了北美车前与车前（Plantago virginica)在繁殖期的密度制约作用特点。     

二次正交旋转组合设计对马占相思组培增殖培养基的优化

在马占相思组织培养初步取得成功的基础上 ,采用二次正交旋转组合设计对马占相思增殖培养基进行优化 ,建立增殖率 (Y)对Ca2 +浓度 (X1)、6 BA浓度 (X2 )及NAA浓度 (X3 ) 3个试验因子的正交回归模型 :y=2 2 80 -0 1 68X1-0 2 5 9X2 +0 1 85X21 -0 2 1 0X22 +0 1 67X23+0 3 2 6X1X2 ,从模型推知 ,当Ca2 + 浓度为 0 5 8倍常规MS培养基浓度 ,6 BA为 0 76mg/L ,NAA为 0 1 6mg/L时 ,增殖率达最大值为 4 3 2 1 ,与事实验证结果相符。     

气相色谱法测定寨香祛痛凝胶的4 种有效成分的含量

目的:采用气相色谱法,程序升温方式同时测定麝香祛痛凝胶中主要成分麝香酮、樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片的含量。方法:采用玻璃柱3 m×3．2 mm,担体Chro2mosorb W 60-80目,涂布6％聚乙二醇(PEG)-20M,2％苯基(50％)甲基硅酮(OV-17)。从80℃到180℃程序升温;载气:高纯氮,流量:50ml·min-1;FID检测器;进样体积6μL。结果:试验表明,樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片、麝香酮分别在1-8μg,0．6-4．8μg,1-8μg,0．15-1．2μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程分别为Y=18 062 X-483(r=0．999 9),Y= 9 829 X 61(r=0．999 6),Y=21 006X 562(r=0．999 1),Y=286 986X 406(r=0．999 4)。平均回收率分别为99．78％,100．9％,98．81％,98．68(n=5)。结论:该法可靠简便,结果准确,可作为控制麝香祛痛凝胶质量的方法。     

中华山蝠的生长发育及年龄估算

1997年5～9月,采用标志重捕法对中华山蝠的生长发育进行研究,共观察幼蝠388只次( 雄性184只次,雌性204只次),结果显示:中华山蝠幼蝠20 d 前体重和前臂长均呈直线增长,日平均生长率分别为0.57 g/d与1.36 mm/d,回归方程为:体重=3.05 0.57×日龄,前臂长=15.49 1.36×日龄.20 d后增长减慢, 大约5周龄后开始飞行,初飞幼蝠与成体的体重差异显著,前臂长与成蝠差异不显著.中华山蝠幼体生长与Logistic、Von Bertalanffy及Compertz 3种生长曲线模型的拟合度均较高,R2值超过0.93.前臂长的增长用Logistic 曲线拟合最合适,体重的增长用Von Bertalanffy 曲线拟合最合适.根据前臂长以及第四掌骨与指骨间软骨的发育模式,得到出生后1～76 d幼蝠的年龄鉴定方程式.当前臂长≤43.32 mm时,日龄=-10.77 0.71×前臂长;当前臂长＞43.32 mm时,日龄=71.10-9.89×第四掌骨与指骨间软骨长.     

青海湖鸬鹚繁殖习性的初步观察

1999年 4～ 7月和 2 0 0 0年 3～ 8月 ,对青海湖地区的鸬鹚繁殖过程进行了观察 ,初步掌握了鸬鹚的迁移、营巢、产卵、孵卵、育雏和扩散等生态习性。结果表明 :鸬鹚每年 3月中、下旬迁来青海湖繁殖 ,两性共同营巢 ,营巢期集中在每年 4月上旬至 6月中旬 ;产卵高峰期为 4月下旬至 5月中旬。平均卵重是(5 7 5± 2 0 2 )g ,卵的大小为 67 2 9mm× 40 2mm ,平均窝卵数为 (3 61± 0 3 4)枚。鸬鹚孵卵期为 (2 8 0 7±0 5 3 )d ,孵化期间的卵重损失 (Y)与孵卵天数 (X)之间的线性回归方程为Y =0 997-0 0 0 68X(r=0 990 ,df=8,P <0 0 1 )。     

Cu胁迫对紫背萍的生长及活性氧清除系统的影响

通过水培实验研究了重金属铜(Cu)胁迫下的紫背萍的生理响应。结果表明:Cu对紫背萍的生长有低浓度(≤1.8mg.L-1)促进、高浓度(>1.8mg.L-1)抑制作用。紫背萍的植物体数(Y1)、叶绿素含量(Y2)均与Cu浓度(X)呈显著负相关,回归方程为:Y1=-0.53X 34.47、Y2=-0.035X 0.90;Cu对紫背萍的植物体净增殖量、叶绿素含量的4天半数抑制浓度(4d-IC50)分别为5.48mg.L-1和12.12mg.L-1。紫背萍体内的SOD活性(Y3)和CAT活性(Y4)与Cu浓度(X)之间均呈曲线相关,回归方程分别为:Y3=-5.367X2 140.56X-59.25、Y4=-7.146X2 123.65X 1101.03。POD活性在Cu浓度不超过10mg.L-1时,较之对照相差不大,但在18mg.L-1时则大幅度下降。     

温度对三品系角突臂尾轮虫生活史策略的影响

应用群体累积培养法 ,以浓度为 6 .0× 10 6cells/mL蛋白核小球藻 (Chlorellapyrenoidosa)为食物 ,研究了温度(2 0℃、2 5℃和 30℃ )对青岛、广州与芜湖等品系的角突臂尾轮虫 (BrachionusangularisGosse)的种群增长、个体大小和卵大小的影响。结果表明 ,温度对各品系轮虫的种群增长率和个体大小等均有显著影响。青岛品系和广州品系轮虫种群增长的最适温度分别为 30℃和 2 5℃ ,芜湖品系轮虫则在 30℃下不能生存。青岛品系和广州品系的种群增长率均与温度呈曲线相关 ,回归方程分别为 :Y =0 .0 0 0 9X2 - 0 .0 0 6 1X 0 .4 0 90和Y =- 0 .0 14 4X2 0 .74 12X - 8.375 1。各品系轮虫个体大小和卵大小均随温度的升高而呈现出下降趋势。在本研究的温度范围内 ,广州、青岛和芜湖各品系轮虫个体变异分别达 4 2 .90 %、14 .4 3%和 6 .2 3% ;2 0℃和 2 5℃下芜湖品系分别高出青岛品系达 74 .91%和87.98%。在温度和品系两因素中 ,品系对轮虫个体体积有较大的影响     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.