降解硫氰酸和丙烯腈的一种新型混合细菌培养物

从腈纶废水生物粘膜中选育到能降解硫氰酸钠、丙烯腈、异丙醇和丙酮的新型混合细菌培养物。SAT13,其降解硫氰酸钠和丙烯腈的能力分别为1800mg／l和120 mg／l。该培养物由自养菌和异养菌组成,包括排硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thioparus)、中间硫杆菌(Thiobacillus interm-edius)、假单胞杆菌(Ptldomonas sp-)、节杆菌Arthrobacter sp和固氯菌(Az。Tobacter sp．)。这些细菌是净化腈纶废水中污染物的主要微生物,其中降解硫氰酸钠的主要细菌为排硫杆菌、中间硫杆菌和假单胞杆菌。降解丙烯腈的主要细菌是中间硫杆菌和节细菌。固氮菌对这两种污染物无降解作用。     

利用短小芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用对布氏杆菌属进行分型鉴别

自1979年发现这株短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)蒙字1号对布氏杆菌属(Brucczk)有抑菌作用后,又用104株牛、羊、猪三型布氏杆菌作了进一步抑菌试验。结果发现,对猪型布氏杆菌有较强的抑菌作用;对部分牛型布氏杆菌也有抑菌作用,但弱于前者;对羊型布氏杆菌无明显抑菌作用,这就提供了应用微生物抑菌作用对布氏杆菌属进行分型鉴定的可能性。     

苏芸金芽孢杆菌的一个新亚种

由北京近郊温泉地区油松林间土壤中,分离到一株产生伴孢内含物的芽孢杆菌TW 20。该菌株具有苏芸金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)的典型特征,但无鞭毛抗原(H),伴孢内含物与孢子常常不分开,位于孢子囊一端由数个不同形状的晶体组成．其生化反应特性及酯酶型与已知23个血清型30个亚种的标准菌株均不相同。对油松毛虫(Dendrolimus tabulaef-ormis)、午毒蛾(Lymautria dispar)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria testcea)、光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis)幼虫没有明显的致病性。根据上述特性,菌株TW20属于一个新的酯酶型亚种,定名为苏芸金芽孢杆菌温泉亚种——Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Wequanen-sis。     

脆弱拟杆菌β-内酰胺酶的纯化及免疫学特性

利用层析结合PAGE回收蛋白的方法对临床分离的脆弱拟杆菌(Bacteroides tragilis)55的β-内酰胺酶进行纯化,纯酶与Liposome-CPS-K混合制备抗血清,并建立了lgG—ELISA和western blotting方法。其测定结果表明,脆弱拟杆菌的β-内酰胺酶不同于其它拟杆菌和肠道杆菌染色体编码的β-内酰胺酶(p<0.001),具有种的特异性。     

环状糊精葡糖基转移酶产生菌——碱杆菌的分类研究

自土壤中分离到两类能在碱性培养基中生长并产生环状糊精葡糖基转移酶的细菌。经鉴定,一类属芽孢杆菌,另一类为无芽孢的杆状细菌《伯杰氏鉴定细菌学手册》(第八版)和现有其他分类文献均未见其分类位置,拟订为新属碱杆菌属(Alcalibacterium gen. Nov.)和新种产环糊精碱杆菌(Alcalibacterium cyclodextrtmogenes sp. Nov.)。     

细菌超低温冻结保藏的研究

本文报道10属19种19株细菌超低温冻结保藏试验的结果。从细胞存活率看,冻结保藏8个月,10％甘油、10%二甲基亚砜保护剂保藏效果优于蒸馏水作保护剂,少数菌株三种保护剂保藏效果相近。快速冻结与慢速冻结对细咆存活率影响不显著。恶臭醋杆菌混浊变种(Acelobacter rancens var. turbidans) AS 1.41,产氨短杆菌 (Brevibacterium ammoniagenes) AS1．844,细胞悬液浓度大,细胞存活率有增高趋势。电镜观查,超低温冻结细胞死亡率高的产气气杆菌(Aerobacter aerogenes) AS 1.489有胞壁破裂、胞质溢出现象,是细胞死亡原因之一。冻结融化后直接测定,植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum) AS 1.557乳酸生成力下降3．4—13.8％,溶壁小球菌(Micrococcus lysodeikticus) AS 1.634对溶菌酶敏感性下降14—23％。冻结融化后移接2代测定,钝齿棒杆菌(Corynebactertum crenatum) AS 1.998 产 L-异亮氨酸,大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli) AS 1.76产青霉素酰化酶酶活力,铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa) AS 1．647产2-酮基-L-古龙酸,植物乳杆菌产乳酸均与冻结前相近。     

苏芸金杆菌天门变种——“7216”菌的研究

1972年从棉花红铃虫(Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders)中分离出一株能形成伴孢晶体的芽孢杆菌“7216”。该菌具有苏芸金杆菌(Bacillus tkuriniientis)的典型特征[1]。血清型属Hsasb,但培养特征、生化特性有别于H,中的阿莱变种和戈尔斯德变种,认为是苏芸金杆离的一个新变种,定名为苏芸金杆菌天门变种Bacillua thuriniensit var．Tianmentig(7216)。     

苏芸金杆菌的一个新变种——云南变种

113菌株是从罹病致死的斜纹夜娥(prodenia litura Fabrieius)幼虫体上分离出来的产晶体芽孢杆菌,其形态、生理、生化及血清学反应与现在已知的苏芸金杆菌的各个对比菌株有别,是一个新变种,定名为苏芸金杆菌云南变种(Bacillus thuringiensis Var·yunnanensis)。     

几种细菌杀虫剂的菌种鉴定

以鉴定为目的,对国内广泛使用的几种昆虫病原性产伴孢晶体芽孢杆菌：青虫菌,杀螟杆菌及140杀虫菌,荆菌II号进行了形态、培养特性、生化反应、外毒素产生、抗原分析及酯酶分析等研究。上述各菌的生化反应、鞭毛抗原分析(140菌无鞭毛抗原)、菌体抗原分析、酯酶电泳图型等特性,均与苏云金杆菌蜡螟变种(Bacillus thuringensis var. galleriae)相同。以微生物学方法测定上述各菌均能产生β-外毒素。故青虫菌、杀螟杆菌、荆菌II号均鉴定为Bacillus thttringensis var．Galleriae血清型H5酯酶型5 galleriae;140菌鉴定为Bacillus thuringensis var．Gulleriae(无鞭毛菌株)酯酶型5 galleriae。对生化反应、抗原分析及酯酶分析的特点进行了比较和讨论,认为抗原分析具有特异性高及快速的优点。并认为菌体抗原同样具有变种特异性,也能用于该菌群的鉴定工作。     

滇重楼寄生菌的研究

从滇重楼(Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis)地下茎中分离和鉴定出两种细菌——蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaligenes),以及三种真菌——黑团孢霉(Periconia sp.)、白色厚顶孢霉(Pachnocybe albida)和重楼索霉(Hormomyces paridiphilus)。对蜡状芽孢杆菌、产碱假单胞菌和重楼索霉进行了液体培养并测定了胞外多糖含量,结果表明重楼索霉可分泌大量胞外多糖,这可能是导致滇重楼地下茎胶质化和多糖含量增加的原因。     

Gastrointestinal flora of cotton rats

The gastrointestinal (GI) flora of cotton rats was examined. No lactobacilli were detected in any part of the GI tract. Anaerobes, including Peptococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, bifidobacteria and eubacteria, were the predominant bacteria in the stomach, small intestine, caecum and faeces. Aerobes and facultative anaerobes, including Enterobacteriaceae and streptococci, were detected at low numbers and very low frequency of occurrence in all parts of the GI tract. Sixty-one isolates of bifidobacteria were recovered from the stomach, small intestine, caecum and faeces of cotton rats. They were identified as Bifidobacterium animalis, B. pseudolongum biovar a and b. The study showed that the GI flora of cotton rats seem to be very different from the GI flora in other rodents.     

Characteristic faecal flora of NC mice

The composition of faecal flora of NC mice was compared with that of CF #1 mice. NC- and CF #1-germfree (GF) mice were cage-mated with NC- or CF #1-conventional (CV) mice in an isolator. The faecal flora of these ex-GF mice was dependent on the recipient mouse strain modifying colonization by the donor mouse bacteria. Although NC- and CF #1-pups removed by hysterectomy were fostered to different strains, almost all these mice at 8 weeks old had a strain characteristic pattern of faecal flora regardless of the foster strains. In GF mice mono-associated with a Lactobacillus strain or a Bifidobacterium strain isolated from faeces of CV mice, the numbers of these bacteria in the stomach and small intestine of NC mice were lower than those of CF #1 mice. In GF mice associated with chloroform-treated faeces of CV mice, and a Lactobacillus strain or a Bifidobacterium strain, the numbers of these bacteria in the stomach and all parts of the intestine of NC mice were considerably lower than those of CF #1 mice. These results suggested that the composition of faecal flora of NC mice were characteristic, i.e. the fact that the numbers of lactobacilli were low compared with CF #1 mice with ordinary faecal flora and the colonization of bifidobacteria, peptococcaceae and eubacteria on ES agar in NC mice intestine differed, was due to genetic factors.     

小白鼠发育过程中胃和大肠蛋白酶活性的变化

采用活性电泳方法对小白鼠发育过程中胃和大肠蛋白酶活尾进行了研究。结果发现：（１）出生前、胃和大肠蛋白酶种类少、活性弱,出生后,胃和大肠蛋白酶的种类多,活性增加;（２）胃肠蛋白酶可能与其结构的构建和功能建立有密切关系;（３）食物 刺激可能对胃肠蛋白酶有显著影响。     

不同日龄大白猪视黄酸受体α基因组织表达

研究采用RT-PCR方法对大白猪的视黄酸受体α基因在1日龄、90日龄、180日龄、270日龄和360日龄的心、肝、胃、脾、肾、肺、大肠、小肠、肌肉、子宫、卵巢共11个组织的表达情况进行了研究。结果表明,RARαmRNA在肝、脾、肾、大肠、小肠、子宫和卵巢中持续表达,其中脾、大肠和小肠是持续高表达;180日龄时,所有组织的RARαmRNA的表达量普遍降低;360日龄时,所检的11个组织均高水平表达该基因。     

东方铃蟾消化道组织学的初步研究

采用组织学方法对东方铃蟾的消化道进行了研究。结果表明:肠分为十二指肠、空肠和大肠。消化道管壁由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层构成。食道、胃和肠均为单层柱状上皮。胃和十二指肠的粘膜皱褶最丰富。食道腺为复泡状腺,胃腺属于单管状腺,肠的各段无多细胞腺体,但空肠和大肠有丰富的杯状细胞。肌层均为平滑肌,内层环肌较厚,外侧纵肌较薄,其中大肠的外侧纵肌最发达。     

白芍总苷在正常大鼠体内的组织分布研究

探讨白芍总苷在正常大鼠体内的组织分布特点,为预测其药理作用及不良反应提供依据.正常大鼠按2.82 g/kg灌胃给予TGP药液后1、3、6h取心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、小肠、大肠等组织,各组织匀浆后,将匀浆液制成冻干粉,HPLC法测定冻干粉中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷浓度,计算各组织中两者浓度.结果显示1h各组织中均能测到芍药苷和芍药内酯苷,3h除胃和小肠外,其他各组织中两者浓度均达到最大值,小肠、胃、大肠及肾、脾、肝中浓度较高,6h小肠、大肠、胃中浓度较高,其他各组织中浓度较低.说明灌胃TGP后组织分布迅速且广泛,胃、小肠、大肠及肾、脾、肝是主要分布器官,容易在胃肠蓄积,其他组织中蓄积较少,为进一步研究白芍总苷的药理作用及作用机理提供了指导,同时为白芍归经理论提供了一定的现代科学依据.     

泽陆蛙消化道组织学观察

采用解剖学和组织学的方法对泽陆蛙消化道各部分的形态和组织学结构进行了观察。泽陆蛙的消化道分为口腔、咽、食道、胃、十二指肠、回肠和大肠。各管壁都由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜组成。食道黏膜层有皱褶和纤毛,无杯状细胞;胃黏膜层有杯状细胞和胃腺,黏膜下层有血管分布;小肠具绒毛、杯状细胞和肠腺,大肠皱褶少,杯状细胞也少。     

Evidence for 5-hydroxytryptamine in neurones in the gut of the toad,Bufo marinus

Summary The stomach, small intestine and large intestine of the toad, Bufo marinus, were processed for formaldehyde-induced fluorescence histochemistry. After extrinsic denervation or pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine to remove catecholamine fluorescence, yellow fluorescence typical of 5-hydroxytryptamine was observed in neurones in the small intestine only. The cell bodies and their processes were confined to the myenteric plexus. Additional pretreatment with 5-hydroxytryptamine enhanced the fluorescence of neurones in the small intestine and revealed yellowfluorescent nerve fibres, but not cell bodies, in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers and myenteric plexus of the large intestine. No fluorescent neurones were observed in the stomach. Following reserpine treatment, which removed native yellow fluorescence in the small intestine, exposure to 5-hydroxytryptophan produced yellow fluorescence in axons in both small and large intestine; exposure to tryptophan never restored fluorescence. The neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine had no effect on the distribution of yellow-fluorescent neurones in the small and large intestine. No 5-HT-containing mast cells were present in either the small or large intestine. Thin layer chromatography with three different mobile phases showed a 5-hydroxytryptamine-like compound in extracts of mucosa-free small and large intestine but not of stomach.     

Simultaneous identification of five bifidobacterium species isolated from human beings using multiple PCR primers

On the basis of 16S rRNA sequences, 5 species-specific forward primers were designed for the identification of 5 Bifidobacterium species isolated from human intestine, namely B. bifidum, B. adolescentis, B. infantis, B. breve and B. longum. As the 5 primers targeted at different sites of 16S rDNA, by using their mixture and a genus-specific reversed primer, the 5 Bifidobacterium species can be simultaneously identified in individual or in mixed culture through PCR amplification. The specificity of the primers was confirmed by the use of genomic DNAs from type strains of all 32 Bifidobacterium species and 6 other relatives. The 5-primer mixture was also applied to the identification of Bifidobacterium strains used commercially. The results turned out to be in accordance with those from conventional identification. This multiple-primer method provides a useful tool for rapid identification of the 5 Bifidobacterium species indicated.     

An immunohistochemical study on the distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus

The endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the musk shrew were studied immunohistochemically. Eleven kinds of endocrine cells, immunoreactive for serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin, cholecistokinin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, motilin, secretin, neurotensin, pancreatic glucagon, enteroglucagon and bovine pancreatic polypeptide, were revealed. In the stomach, serotonin-, somatostatin-, gastrin-, pancreatic glucagon- and enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected. The first three types of cells predominated and were more abundant in the pyloric glands than in the other stomach regions. In the small intestine, all types of endocrine cells were found, each having different distributions and relative frequencies. In the large intestine, 10 types of endocrine cells except cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells were detected. Serotonin- and bovine pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells were more numerous in the large intestine than in the small intestine.