颅底脊索瘤的影像学诊断及治疗研究(附26例报告)(英文)

目的:探讨颅底脊索瘤的CT、MRI表现及治疗措施。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的26例脊索瘤患者的临床资料。肿瘤位于鞍区及鼻咽部者9例,位于中颅窝者5例,位于后颅窝者8例,混合型4例。手术入路:额颞入路-翼点开颅9例,鼻内镜下经蝶入路5例,颞下、颞枕及扩大中颅窝入路8例,4例未手术行放射治疗。结果:肿瘤全切8例,大部及次全切14例,围手术期未见死亡病例。25例患者获得随访;3例于术后1年内复发,其中2例死亡,余者颅神经损伤及肢体症状均有改善。结论:脊索瘤无典型临床表现,现多可通过术前影像学检查得以诊断,少数位于特殊位置者需与垂体瘤,颅咽管瘤,三叉神经鞘瘤等鉴别;肿瘤全切较为困难,根据需要选择相应的手术入路可明显提高手术效果;放疗可作为术后辅助治疗。     

外科治疗囊性听神经瘤14 例临床观察

目的:探讨囊性听神经瘤的临床特点及手术经验。方法:回顾分析2006年1月-2010年12月我院收治的14例囊性听经瘤的临床资料。结果:肿瘤全切除12例,不全切除2例,无死亡病例,术后4例病人面瘫加重,1例病人听力丧失。结论:与实质性听神经瘤相比,囊性听神经瘤体积较大,病程短,始发症状不典型,颅神经常被累及,可不发生内听道扩大,脑积水发生率低,手术效果差。     

颅底脊索瘤的影像学诊断及治疗研究（附26例报告）

目的：探讨颅底脊索瘤的CT、MRI表现及治疗措施。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的26例脊索瘤患者的临床资料。肿瘤位于鞍区及鼻咽部者9例,位于中颅窝者5例,位于后颅窝者8例,混合型4例。手术入路：额颞入路一翼点开颅9例,鼻内镜下经蝶入路5例,颞下、颞枕及扩大中颅窝入路8例,4例未手术行放射治疗。结果：肿瘤全切8例,大部及次全切14例,围手术期未见死亡病例。25例患者获得随访;3例于术后1年内复发,其中2例死亡,余者颅神经损伤及肢体症状均有改善。结论：脊索瘤无典型临床表现,现多可通过术前影像学检查得以诊断,少数位于特殊位置者需与垂体瘤,颅咽管瘤,三叉神经鞘瘤等鉴别;肿瘤全切较为困难,根据需要选择相应的手术入路可明显提高手术效果;放疗可作为术后辅助治疗。     

膀胱副神经节瘤的诊治分析(附1 例病例报告并文献复习)

目的:总结膀胱副神经节瘤的诊治方法及体会,提高膀胱副神经节瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法:报告1例膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料并结合文献复习分析总结膀胱副神经节瘤的诊断治疗方法。结果:患者行腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除术,手术成功,术后顺利出院,随访至今无转移。结论:膀胱副神经节瘤的诊断主要依靠临床表现和实验室检查,血尿、高血压和排尿时典型发作三联征为膀胱副神经节瘤的主要症状,对于瘤体较小的患者要警惕CT检查漏诊的可能性,可行活组织检查进行确诊。腹腔镜下切除是目前治疗膀胱副神经节瘤最有效、创伤最小的方法,但术后要严格随访。     

外科治疗囊性听神经瘤14例临床观察

目的：探讨囊性听神经瘤的临床特点及手术经验。方法：回顾分析2006年1月-2010年12月我院收治的14例囊性听经瘤的临床资料。结果：肿瘤全切除12例,不全切除2例,无死亡病例,术后4例病人面瘫加重,1例病人听力丧失。结论：与实质性听神经瘤相比,囊性听神经瘤体积较大,病程短,始发症状不典型,颅神经常被累及,可不发生内听道扩大,脑积水发生率低,手术效果差。     

胃间质瘤11例临床诊治分析

目的:探讨胃间质瘤(GST)的诊断和治疗措施.方法:回顾性分析我院2000年4月至2006年3月近6年收治的1I例胃间质瘤患者的临床表现、辅助检查、手术治疗方式及病理结果.结果:临床以消化道出血、腹部肿块表现为主,症状无特异性,所有病例术前均行胃镜及CT检查,均行手术治疗,其中6例行肿瘤楔形切除,5例行胃大部切除术,病理诊断良性5例(45.5%)交界性1例(9%),恶性5例(45.5%).随访时间3个月至5年,死亡1例,死于腹腔广泛转移.结论:胃间质瘤缺乏特异的临床表现,术前诊断困难,胃镜和CT可发现病变,诊断以病理诊断为准,其中免疫组化结果为重要诊断依据,治疗以手术切除为主.     

额底纵裂入路手术对鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤的疗效分析

目的：分析经额底纵裂入路治疗鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤的疗效,探讨其临床适用性。方法：选择从2011年1月~2013年1月与我院行额底纵裂入路手术治疗的30例鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤的患者,术中行单侧额或双侧额弧形切口,根据术中所见肿瘤位置,由终板、视神经一颈内动脉等存在的生理间隙处切除肿瘤,观察所有患者的手术疗效。结果：所有患者术中可见肿瘤位于鞍内鞍上,部分或全部突入第三脑室底,其中有6例患者伴有脑积水。术中肿瘤全切23例,次全切5例,大部切除2例,无手术死亡病例。术前25例患者视力减退,术后23例患者视力均获得不同程度改善,仅1例暂无明显变化。术后19例出现电解质紊乱,患者经治疗后均已纠正;12例出现不同程度的尿崩症,给予患者药物治疗后,病情得到缓解。术后随访6个月,23例肿瘤全切患者病灶无复发,另外4例次全切者病灶也无明显变化,仅1例次全切和2例大部切除患者于术后行伽马刀再次治疗。结论：经额底纵裂入路治疗鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤可以达到视野清晰,直观下进行肿瘤切除,手术效果好,并发症较少,适合临床长期推广应用。     

膀胱平滑肌瘤合并子宫多发性平滑肌瘤一例报道并文献复习

目的对一例膀胱平滑肌瘤合并子宫多发性平滑肌瘤患者诊疗进行回顾性分析。方法回顾分析一例膀胱平滑肌瘤合并子宫多发性平滑肌瘤患者临床资料,并结合相关文献进行复习。结果膀胱平滑肌瘤行局部切除,子宫多发性平滑肌瘤行全子宫切除,术后随访5年,未见肿瘤复发、恶变、侵袭转移及盆腔其他并发症。结论膀胱平滑肌瘤是一种少见的良性肿瘤,术前诊断主要依赖彩超、CT等影像学检查。手术探查能明确肿瘤部位,确诊依赖病理。手术治疗为主,预后良好。     

原发性肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗

目的:探讨原发性肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗方法.方法:采用肝切除加下腔静脉取栓治疗2例肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓患者,取栓方法包括经荷栓肝静脉取栓(1例)和下腔静脉切开取栓(1例),又分在全肝血流阻断下取栓和在萨氏钳局部血管阻断下取栓.结果:2例肝癌及下腔静脉癌栓均得到成功切除,术中无明显并发症发生;术后无死亡;随访中一例存活11月;另1例已生存8个月.结论:肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗安全可行,其基本术式为肝切除加下腔静脉切开取检.     

胃肠道间质瘤临床诊治-附46例临床分析

目的:探讨胃肠间质瘤(Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor,GIST)的临床特点及诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析我院1997-2009年收治的46例有完整病历资料的GIST病例,以探讨GIST的主要发生部位、临床表现、诊断和治疗方法。结果:GIST主要发生在胃(60.87%)和小肠(26.09%);主要表现为消化道出血(71.74%),腹痛不适(19.57%),腹部包块(15.22%)等;诊断首选B超(阳性率45.65%)、CT(阳性率100%)和内窥镜检查(阳性率81.09%)。本组手术45例,根治性切除40例,姑息性切除3例,术中活检1例,局部切除1例,1例放弃治疗。所有病例均经病理证实。随访42例,复发死亡11例,带瘤生存8例,无瘤生存21例,3例术后口服格列卫(甲磺伊马替尼,ST1571)的病人已生存8月、14月、18月。结论:目前GIST的治疗仍以手术治疗为主,分子靶向制剂的应用显示了一定的治疗效果。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

Comparison of BMI and percentage of body fat of Indian and German children and adolescents

Today, serious health problems as overweight and obesity are not just constricted to the developed world, but also increase in the developing countries (Prentice 2006, Ramachandram et al. 2002). Focusing on this issue, BMI and percentage of body fat were compared in 2094 schoolchildren from two cross-sectional studies from India and Germany investigated in 2008 and 2009. The German children are in all age groups significantly taller, whereas the Indian children show higher values in BMI (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 22 kg/m2; German: around 19 kg/m2) and in the percentage of body fat (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 27%; German: around 18-20%) in most of the investigated age groups. The Indian children have significantly higher BMI between 10 and 13 (boys) respectively 14 years (girls). Indian children showed significant higher percentage of body fat between 10 and 15 years (boys) and between 8 and 16 years (girls). The difference in overweight between Indian and German children was strongest at 11 (boys) and 12 (girls) years: 70% of the Indian but 20% of the German children were classified as overweight. In countries such as India that undergo nutritional transition, a rapid increase in obesity and overweight is observed. In contrast to the industrialized countries, the risk of overweight in developing countries is associated with high socioeconomic status. Other reasons of the rapid increase of overweight in the developing countries caused by different environmental or genetic factors are discussed.     

Carnitine and creatine content of tissues of normal and alloxan-diabetic sheep and rats

The concentration of carnitine in liver increased 28-fold and urinary carnitine excretion 5-fold in alloxan-diabetic sheep. In contrast there were no similar increases in alloxan-diabetic rats. The creatine content of liver decreased 3-fold and creatine excretion decreased 2-fold in diabetic sheep. In contrast the creatine content of liver increased nearly 4-fold in diabetic rats with no change in creatine excretion. The marked increased in production of carnitine by the liver of the diabetic sheep appears possible because of decreased production and excretion of creatine.     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.