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1.
氯虫苯甲酰胺对白背飞虱实验种群的亚致死效应   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
杨洪  王召  金道超 《昆虫学报》2012,55(10):1161-1167
为正确评估防治水稻鳞翅目害虫的新型杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺对非靶标害虫白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)的影响, 本文采取稻茎浸渍法测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺对白背飞虱的毒力, 利用生命表技术研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺对白背飞虱的亚致死效应。结果表明: 氯虫苯甲酰胺对白背飞虱3龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别为19.26 mg/L和19.69 mg/L。以氯虫苯甲酰胺LC10和LC25剂量分别处理白背飞虱3龄若虫后, F0和F1代雌虫产卵量及其寿命均降低, 尤其LC25处理与对照间存在显著差异(P<0.05), F0和F1代雌虫寿命分别缩短了1.80 d和2.62 d, F0和F1代雌虫产卵量分别减少了52.94粒和78.45粒。药剂处理对F1代各虫态发育历期也有一定影响。根据不同剂量处理后白背飞虱各发育阶段的存活率和成虫的繁殖力, 组建了生殖力生命表, 发现LC10和LC25剂量处理的种群内禀增长率rm分别降低了11.25%和34.41%, 净增殖率R0分别降低了36.56%和74.57%, 而世代平均历期T和种群加倍时间t均延长。结果说明, 氯虫苯甲酰胺LC10和LC25剂量可抑制白背飞虱种群的增长; 大田中使用氯虫苯甲酰胺防治鳞翅目害虫时, 可抑制同时发生的非靶标害虫白背飞虱田间种群增长。  相似文献   

2.
氯虫苯甲酰胺对黑肩绿盲蝽实验种群的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杨洪  王召  金道超 《生态学报》2012,32(16):5184-5190
采取稻茎浸渍法测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺对黑肩绿盲蝽毒力,利用生命表技术研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺对黑肩绿盲蝽实验种群的影响,为协调水稻害虫的化学防治和生物防治提供参考。结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺对黑肩绿盲蝽若虫LC50和LC10分别为83.5mg/L和61.3 mg/L,氯虫苯甲酰胺对黑肩绿盲蝽成虫LC50和LC10分别为64.3 mg/L和39.0 mg/L。氯虫苯甲酰胺对黑肩绿盲蝽若虫和成虫的LC10分别大于和接近于大田使用剂量40mg/L。以大田使用剂量40 mg/L氯虫苯甲酰胺稻茎浸渍法处理黑肩绿盲蝽3龄若虫后,其产卵期、寿命和产卵量降低了4.3 d、3.0 d和22.0粒,与对照相比差异显著,表明氯虫苯甲酰胺对当代成虫寿命与生殖力影响较大;药剂处理后次代种群的成虫前期延长了2.3 d;存活率、平均日产卵量跟对照相比明显降低;种群净增值率、周限增长率、内禀增长率跟对照相比明显降低,分别为21.0(对照63.3)、18.8(对照19.2)、0.16(对照0.22),而种群加倍时间延长为4.3(对照3.2);这些结果表明,在40 mg/L浓度下,氯虫苯甲酰胺能够降低黑肩绿盲蝽种群的增长。  相似文献   

3.
通过高温处理及交配产卵实验,探讨了高温对稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)发育与生殖的影响。研究了不同高温条件对褐飞虱若虫发育历期、产卵量、产卵前期、寿命等生物学特性的影响。34℃以上高温导致褐飞虱若虫发育历期延长。高温处理4龄若虫使羽化后的雌成虫产卵量减少。高温处理不同日龄雌成虫也致使其产卵量减少,其中以1日龄短翅型、3日龄长翅型的产卵量影响最大。高温处理后褐飞虱寿命缩短。高温恒温处理,对短翅型雌成虫的产卵前期影响不大,但能延长长翅型雌成虫的产卵前期;而高温变温处理致使短、长翅型雌成虫的产卵前期均延长。高温变温对褐飞虱生殖的影响程度大于高温恒温。高温处理组雌、雄成虫与对照组相应的成虫交配试验表明,高温对雌性的影响大于雄性。实验初步确定34℃为对褐飞虱发育与生殖产生影响的临界温度。  相似文献   

4.
不同药剂低浓度处理的褐飞虱室内种群生命表   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
潘文亮  赵善欢 《昆虫知识》1990,27(6):325-327
以噻嗪酮(Applaud,buprofezin)、叶蝉散和速灭杀丁三种不同类型药剂的低浓度(约对褐飞虱一龄若虫的LC_(10)~LC_(15))及亚致死浓度从一龄若虫开始持续处理褐飞虱一个完整世代,供试的噻嗪酮三种浓度处理对成虫的寿命、产卵量和卵的孵化均有一定的影响,显著降低了褐飞虱种群的增殖能力。  相似文献   

5.
氯虫苯甲酰胺是我国蜂农防治蜂巢小甲虫Aethina tumida的主要杀虫剂。本研究旨在探讨氯虫苯甲酰胺对蜂巢小甲虫生长发育和繁殖的亚致死效应,为氯虫苯甲酰胺的合理使用提供一定的理论依据。本文采用饲料混毒法测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺对蜂巢小甲虫的毒力以及亚致死剂量LC10和LC25对蜂巢小甲虫生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺对蜂巢小甲虫3龄初幼虫的LC50、LC25、LC10分别为5.193 μg/g、1.678 μg/g和2.865 μg/g。以氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死剂量处理蜂巢小甲虫3龄初幼虫后,幼虫发育历期、雌预蛹期+蛹期、雄预蛹+蛹期均显著延长,且分别延长了3.38%和4.50%、10.51%和21.92%、5.26%和12.20%。LC10和LC25处理组幼虫的存活率均降低,尤其LC25处理组与对照组存在显著差异。LC10和LC25处理组漫游期幼虫重、初羽化雌虫重和初羽化雄虫重相比于对照均显著降低,且分别减轻了15.45%、21.54%、17.26%和13.47%、16.47%、16.46%。LC10和LC25处理组的产卵前期分别为7.96 d和7.47 d,比对照组显著缩短12.36 d和12.85 d;60 d内单雌产卵总量与对照组间无显著性差异,但在产卵期5~7 d时,LC25处理组的单雌产卵量显著增加。LC10和LC25处理组蜂巢小甲虫种群趋势指数低于对照组,但其种群趋势指数均远大于1,表明蜂巢小甲虫种群仍呈增长趋势,因此应加强蜂巢小甲虫的防控以及对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性监测。  相似文献   

6.
为明确用于防治稻飞虱的“秕谷草-伪褐飞虱-中华淡翅盲蝽”载体植物系统的可行性,本文开展了靶标作物水稻、载体植物秕谷草和靶标害虫褐飞虱、替代猎物伪褐飞虱组合对中华淡翅盲蝽成虫形态、种群增长参数、产卵选择性和取食选择性的影响研究.结果表明: 中华淡翅盲蝽水稻种群(取食褐飞虱卵)的雌雄成虫个体均显著大于秕谷草种群(取食伪褐飞虱卵).取食褐飞虱卵的中华淡翅盲蝽种群增长参数单雌产卵量、净增长率、内禀增长率、周限增长率明显高于取食伪褐飞虱卵的种群,但取食伪褐飞虱卵也有较高的种群增长能力,足以扩繁种群.对于靶标作物水稻和载体植物秕谷草,无论是水稻种群还是秕谷草种群均偏好在水稻上产卵.同时,2个种群的雌虫、雄虫和若虫对褐飞虱卵和伪褐飞虱卵捕食量没有显著性差异.在上述研究基础上,讨论了在田间建立“秕谷草-伪褐飞虱-中华淡翅盲蝽”载体植物系统的可行性.  相似文献   

7.
氯虫苯甲酰胺对黑肩绿盲蝽捕食功能的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
王召  杨洪  金道超 《昆虫学报》2012,55(5):618-624
为协调褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) 的化学防治和生物防治提供参考, 本研究采用稻茎浸渍法研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺对黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) 捕食褐飞虱功能反应的影响。结果表明: 在氯虫苯甲酰胺的推荐剂量下, 黑肩绿盲蝽功能反应模型的结构没有改变, 但影响到了模型的各项参数。在推荐剂量下, 氯虫苯甲酰胺可降低黑肩绿盲蝽的瞬时攻击率(a′); 药剂处理后黑肩绿盲蝽若虫对褐飞虱卵、1龄若虫和2龄若虫的处理时间(Th)比对照分别增加163.03%, 104.21%和95.11%, 而黑肩绿盲蝽成虫对它们的处理时间则分别增加81.97%, 102.45%和99.52%; 药剂处理后黑肩绿盲蝽日最大捕食量(Na*)降低, 其寻找效应(S)也减弱。研究表明氯虫苯甲酰胺对黑肩绿盲蝽捕食作用存在着不良影响。  相似文献   

8.
为了探究山东不同地区灰飞虱种群对溴氰虫酰胺的敏感性水平差异,在室内采用稻苗浸渍法和点滴法分别测定了溴氰虫酰胺对泰安、莱芜、鱼台(分别采自小麦和水稻)、济南和济阳6个灰飞虱种群3龄若虫和成虫的毒力,同时测定了亚致死剂量(LD 10和LD 30)溴氰虫酰胺对灰飞虱成虫体内的酯酶(ESTs)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)和多功能氧化酶(MFO)活性的影响。稻苗浸渍法结果表明,溴氰虫酰胺对6个灰飞虱种群3龄若虫的LC 50值介于8.5193~11.0524 mg/L,对成虫的LC 50值介于10.4245~12.4904 mg/L。点滴法测定结果表明,溴氰虫酰胺对6个灰飞虱种群3龄若虫的LD 50值在0.9239×10-3~1.1318×10-3μg/头之间,对成虫的LD 50值在1.0933×10-3~1.2619×10-3μg/头之间。在溴氰虫酰胺亚致死剂量(LD 10和LD 30)处理下,灰飞虱体内3种解毒酶活性均被诱导上升,其中GSTs酶活力上升最显著。结果表明,山东不同地区田间灰飞虱种群对溴氰虫酰胺的敏感性差异不大,同一地区灰飞虱种群不同虫态对溴氰虫酰胺的敏感性也无明显差异。GSTs可能会在灰飞虱对溴氰虫酰胺后续抗性形成中起作用。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugnes是Bt水稻上重要的非靶标害虫之一,多种药剂会引起褐飞虱的再猖獗。本研究旨在探究氮肥使用下Bt水稻上褐飞虱对农药的生态适应性和再猖獗能力。【方法】取Bt水稻T1C-19(含cry1C*基因)和T2A-1(含cry2A*基因)稻苗分别施以0,100和250kg N/hm~2的氮肥,用不同浓度溴氰菊酯(0,1,3和6 mg/L)喷雾处理其上饲养的褐飞虱,分析氮肥处理的Bt水稻上褐飞虱对农药的生态适应性指标(若虫发育历期、若虫存活率、雌成虫体重、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率)。【结果】高浓度溴氰菊酯(6 mg/L)处理下褐飞虱的若虫存活率显著低于未处理组,而单雌产卵量则高于未处理组。方差分析表明,氮肥与溴氰菊酯相互作用可以显著影响褐飞虱的若虫存活率、雌成虫体重、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率。在0 kg N/hm~2处理下,溴氰菊酯处理对褐飞虱的产卵量无显著影响。在100和250 kg N/hm~2处理稻株上褐飞虱产卵量随着溴氰菊酯浓度的升高而增加。随着氮肥施用量的增加,褐飞虱若虫历期缩短,雌成虫体重增加,产卵量增加,褐飞虱若虫孵化率和存活率增高。相同氮肥施用量、溴氰菊酯同一浓度处理条件下,Bt水稻和常规水稻相比对褐飞虱的若虫发育历期、产卵量、卵孵化率和存活率均无显著影响。【结论】本研究结果表明,氮肥可以促进Bt水稻和非Bt水稻上溴氰菊酯诱导的褐飞虱再猖獗。  相似文献   

10.
褐飞虱、白背飞虱种间、种内密度制约效应研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
以高感品种TN1为材料.研究了褐飞虱、白背飞虱成、若虫密度对种群的制约效应。实验表明,单虫种一龄善虫密度15头/株和30头/株相比.褐飞虱成虫的羽化率、短翘率、体长和若虫历期均无明显差异,但成虫雌性比率前高;白背飞虱成虫羽化率前比后高21.22%.短翘率高15.25%。在两种飞虱一龄若虫密度30、45、60头/株等虫量混合组配下,褐飞虱成虫羽化率60头/株比30头/株下降28%,白背飞虱若虫历期以30头/株最长。在总虫量为30头/株时,种内(30头/株)和种间(15:15头/株)比.白背飞虱种内处理成虫羽化率高36.83%.昔虫历期短;褐飞虱以种内处理成虫短翘率高。从产卵位点来看.褐飞虱喜产在稻株叶鞘中下部厚肉组织上,白背飞虱以叶脉基部产卵为主.成虫密度2、4、8对/株3处理,其叶鞘、叶脉上的平均卵块变小;10天内的平均卵量亦减步。同密度下,种间组合比种内组合的产卵量多。从各指标对密度反应来看,褐飞虱比白背飞虱更耐拥挤。  相似文献   

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Boron is an essential nutrient for plants, but it is toxic in excess. Transgenic rice plants expressing an Arabidopsis thaliana borate efflux transporter gene, AtBOR4, at a low level exhibited increased tolerance to excess boron. Those lines with high levels of expression exhibited reduced growth. These findings suggest a potential of the borate transporter BOR4 for the generation of high-boron tolerant rice.  相似文献   

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A unique multibranched cyclomaltooligosaccharide (cyclodextrin, CD) of 6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-cyclomaltoheptaose [6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin, (G(2))(3)-betaCD] was prepared. The physicochemical and biological properties of (G(2))(3)-betaCD were determined together with those of monobranched CDs (6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-cyclodextrin (G(1)-alphaCD), 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (G(1)-betaCD), and 6-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (G(2)-betaCD)). NMR spectra of (G(2))(3)-betaCD were measured using various 2D NMR techniques. The solubility of (G(2))(3)-betaCD in water and MeOH-water solutions was extremely high in comparison with nonbranched betaCD and was about the same as that of the other monobranched betaCDs. The formation of an inclusion complex of (G(2))(3)-betaCD with stereoisomers (estradiol, retinoic acid, quinine, citral, and glycyrrhetinic acid) depends on the cis-trans isomers of guest compounds. The cis isomers of estradiol, retinoic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid were included more than their trans isomers, while the trans isomers of citral and quinine fit more tightly than their cis isomers. (G(2))(3)-betaCD was the most effective host compound in the cis-trans resolution of glycyrrhetinic acid. Among the branched betaCDs, (G(2))(3)-betaCD exhibited the weakest hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes and showed negligible cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells up to 200 microM. These results indicate unique characteristics of (G(2))(3)-betaCD in some biological responses of cultured cells.  相似文献   

15.
The molecular structure of poly (U).poly (A).poly (U) has been determined and refined using the continuous x-ray intensity data on layer lines in the diffraction pattern obtained from an oriented fiber of the RNA. The final R-value for the preferred structure is 0.24, far lower than that for the plausible alternatives. The polymer forms an 11-fold right-handed triple-helix of pitch 33.5A and each base triplet is stabilized by Crick-Watson-Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. The ribose rings in the three strands have C3'-endo, C2'-endo and C2'-endo conformations, respectively. The helix derives additional stability through systematic interchain hydrogen bonds involving ribose hydroxyls and uracil bases. The relatively grooveless cylindrical shape of the triple-helix is consistent with the lack of lateral organization.  相似文献   

16.
The molecular structure of poly (I).poly (A).poly (I) has been determined and refined using the continuous intensity data on layer lines in the x-ray diffraction pattern obtained from an oriented fiber of this polymorphic RNA complex. The polymer forms a 12-fold right-handed triple-helix of pitch 39.7A and each base-triplet is stabilized by quasi Crick-Watson-Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. The ribose rings in all the three strands have C3'-endo conformations. The final R-value for this best structure is 0.24 and the x-ray fit is significantly superior to all the alternative structures where the different chains might have different furanose conformations. This all-purine triple-helix, counter-intuitively, has a diameter roughly 3A shorter than that of DNA and RNA triple-helices containing a homopurine and two complementary homopyrimidine strands. Its compact, grooveless cylindrical shape is consistent with the lack of lateral organization.  相似文献   

17.
The molecular structure of poly (dT).poly (dA).poly (dT) has been determined and refined using the continuous x-ray intensity data on layer lines in the diffraction pattern obtained from an oriented fiber of the DNA. The final R-value for the preferred structure is 0.29 significantly lower than that for plausible alternatives. The molecule forms a 12-fold right-handed triple-helix of pitch 38.4 A and each base triplet is stabilized by a set of four Crick-Watson-Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. The deoxyribose rings in all the three strands have C2'-endo conformations. The grooveless cylindrical shape of the triple-helix is consistent with the lack of lateral organization in the fiber.  相似文献   

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19.
Summary The serum groups Gm(1) [Gm(a)], Gm(2) [Gm(x)], Gm(4) [Gm(f)]. Gm(12) [Gm(b)] and Inv(1) [Inv(1)] of 2000 sera of healthy blood donors from the land Hesse were examined. The results obtained were compared with those known until now. Three persons, not related to each other, possessed the extremely rare phenotype Gm(-1, 2, 4, 12) [Gm (a-x+b+f+)]. In 0.75% of the cases we found a discordant behaviour of the factors Gm(4) and Gm(12) [Gm(f) and Gm(b)].
Zusammenfassung 2000 Seren von gesunden Blutspendern aus Hessen wurden bezüglich der Gamma-Globulin-Serumgruppen Gm(1) [Gm(a)], Gm(2) [Gm(x)], Gm(4) [Gm(f)]. Gm(12) [Gm(b)] und Inv(1) [Inv(1)] untersucht. Die gefundenen Resultate wurden mit den bisher bekannten verglichen. Drei miteinander nicht verwandte Personen wiesen den äußerst seltenen Phänotyp Gm(-1, 2, 4, 12) [Gm(a-x+b+f+)] auf. In 0.75% der Fälle fanden wir ein diskordantes Verhalten der Faktoren Gm(4) und Gm(12) [Gm(f) und Gm(b)].


Director: Prof. Dr. W. Wachsmuth

Director: Prof. Dr. W. Spielmann

The nomenclature suggested by WHO at a round-table conference over genes, genotypes and allotypes of immunglobulins is used. The conference took place in Geneva on the 1965 31. 5. to the 5. 6. [5].

With technical assistance of S. Mohs.  相似文献   

20.
Biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B(12))   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The biosynthesis of vitamin B(12) is summarized, emphasizing the differences observed between the aerobic and anaerobic pathways. The biosynthetic route to adenosylcobalamin from its five-carbon precursor, 5-aminolaevulinic acid, can be divided into three sections: (1) the biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogen III from 5-aminolaevulinic acid, which is common to both pathways; (2) the conversion of uroporphyrinogen III into the ring-contracted, deacylated intermediate precorrin 6 or cobalt-precorrin 6, which includes the primary differences between the two pathways; and (3) the transformation of this intermediate to form adenosylcobalamin.  相似文献   

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