高铁酸钾对几种常见鱼类病原菌的杀菌效果测定

试验测定了高铁酸钾(K2FeO4)溶液对8种常见鱼类病原菌的MIC(最小抑菌浓度,minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)和MBC(最低杀菌浓度,minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC),并研究了不同浓度的K2FeO4溶液对几种病原菌的杀灭效果.结果显示,K2FeO4对温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)、河弧菌(Vibrioflurialis)、弧菌Ⅰ组淡水亚组弧菌(Vibrio group Ⅰ freshwater subgroup)的抑制效果良好;当各试验菌液浓度约为105cfu/mL时,施以K2FeO4溶液作用1h后,对以上两种弧菌亦表现出最优的杀灭效果;基于以上试验结果,选取这两种最为敏感的病原菌测定其长势随消毒剂浓度和时间的变化情况.研究对于使用K2FeO4浸泡消毒鱼体或全池泼洒消毒池塘时具有指导意义,并为使用K2FeO4防治鱼类弧菌病研究工作的展开打下基础.     

22种植物提取物及其6种化合物对鱼类指环虫的杀灭研究

将感染有指环虫的金鱼投放在加有一定浓度的植物提取物或化合物的水体中,控制一定的水体条件,显微镜下定期观察鱼鳃上的指环虫数量,统计杀虫率。结果表明:22种植物中蛇床提取物的杀灭指环虫效果最好,其最高杀灭率为100%;其次是两面针、木通、吴茱萸、牛心朴子,最高杀虫率均为80%;夹竹桃、徐长卿的最高杀虫率均为70%;草果、苦木、北乌头、滨蒿、蒺藜、白芷、山柰、榧的最高杀虫率在48 h内均在20%~50%;在测试浓度范围内,生姜、辣椒、仙茅、大风子、泽漆、相思子和雷丸没有明显杀虫活性。6种植物化合物作用48 h时川楝素的杀灭指环虫活性最高,最高杀灭率为100%;其次是鬼臼毒素、烟碱和槟榔碱,杀虫率在30%~50%;青蒿素和苦参碱在鱼中毒浓度下对指环虫仍然没有杀灭效果。根据以上结果,蛇床、两面针、木通、吴茱萸、牛心朴子、夹竹桃、徐长卿等植物和化合物川楝素对鱼类指环虫具有较好的杀灭作用。     

四川宜宾七种中药提取物体外抗菌活性研究

用肉汤二倍稀释法和琼脂平板培养计数法,研究四川宜宾七种中药的提取物对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和巴氏杆菌的体外抑制作用.结果表明：黄柏提取物的抗菌活性最强,最小抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)为15．6~125 mg·mL-1,最小杀菌浓度(Minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC)为31．25~250 mg·mL-1;栀子提取物抗菌活性次之,MIC 为62．5~125 mg·mL-1,MBC 为125~＞250 mg·mL-1;佛手提取物有较稳定的抗菌活性,MIC均为125 mg·mL-1,MBC为125 mg·mL-1和250 mg·mL-1;姜黄、杜仲、何首乌、细毡毛忍冬的提取物抗菌活性相对较差,大部分 MIC≥250 mg·mL-1.说明四川宜宾的黄柏和栀子的提取物抗菌活性较强,佛手提取物抗菌活性较稳定,有进一步研究的价值.     

小果博落回中2种杀虫活性成分的分离及鉴定

以粘虫(Mythimna separata)3龄幼虫为试虫,采用生物活性示踪法从小果博落回(Macleaya microcarpa)乙醇提取物中分离纯化出2种活性成分,经MS1、H-NMR1、3C-NMR分析鉴定为二氢血根碱和二氢白屈菜红碱。采用小叶碟添加法测试了2种化合物对粘虫3龄幼虫的拒食及毒杀活性。结果表明,2种化合物对粘虫3龄幼虫均具有较高的拒食活性,48 h的拒食AFC50分别为0.168和0.231 mg.mL-1,同时,二氢血根碱对粘虫3龄幼虫具有一定的毒杀活性,96 h的LC50为0.085 mg.mL-1。分析认为二氢血根碱可能是小果博落回的主要杀虫活性成分之一。     

聚六亚甲基双胍复配消毒剂对几种伤口常见致病菌的杀灭作用研究

有效消毒可以预防黏膜创面感染，减少炎症发生。基于此，文章重点研究了聚六亚甲基双胍复配消毒剂对几种伤口常见致病菌的杀灭作用。首先研究了聚六亚甲基双胍(PHMB)、三氯生(TCS)和H₂O₂对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)及部分抑菌浓度指数(FICI)，发现三氯生(TCS)的MIC和MBC最低，与H₂O₂联合有相加作用。复配消毒剂(1 280μg/m L PHMB、10μg/mL TCS、40μg/m L H₂O₂)对白色念珠菌的抑菌能力最强，在30 s内能够完全杀灭溶藻弧菌、副溶血性弧菌和铜绿假单胞菌，与金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌和模拟陆地伤口混菌作用5 min时的杀灭对数值均≥5 log10 CFU/mL，符合国家标准。因此该消毒剂在黏膜伤口治疗中具有很大的应用潜力。     

三种消毒剂对大黄鱼致病性弧菌的体外杀灭作用研究

为了解不同消毒剂对大黄鱼中致病性弧菌的抑菌效果。采用纸片扩散法比较了聚维酮碘(PVP-I)、聚六亚甲基双胍(PHMB)和过氧化氢(H2O2)对溶藻弧菌和副溶血性弧菌的抑菌效果,再以肉汤稀释法测定了三种消毒剂的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)及MBC/MIC比值,在此基础上,获得了抑菌效果相对较优的H2O2、PHMB对溶藻弧菌、副溶血性弧菌及其混菌的杀菌动力学曲线。结果表明,H2O2(3%)对两种弧菌具有最大的抑菌圈直径(19~21mm),PHMB(30mg/mL)次之(约为15mm),PVP-I(10%)的抑菌效果最弱(小于10mm)。3种消毒剂的MIC值由小到大依次为PHMB相似文献   

山姜素对鱼源耐药性嗜水气单胞菌体外抗菌作用的研究

旨为探究山姜素对耐药性嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌效果及其作用机制。通过测定山姜素对嗜水气单胞菌生长、细菌形态、电导率、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、蛋白质代谢和DNA的影响,研究山姜素对耐药性嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌机制。山姜素对5株鱼源耐药性嗜水气单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为128-256μg/mL和512-1024μg/mL。与对照组相比,2MIC山姜素作用于嗜水气单胞菌CW株8 h、16 h后,菌体皱缩,细胞壁和细胞膜破损,细胞质丢失,内部空化;作用2 h后,菌悬液电导率、乳酸脱氢酶含量、DNA外渗量分别增长了3.97%、26.09%和10.50μg/mL;作用2、4和8 h后,菌悬液核酸荧光强度和密度呈现随时间降低的趋势。山姜素对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌机制为损伤菌体的细胞壁、增加细胞膜的通透性来抑制其生长繁殖。     

恩诺沙星对4种水产致病弧菌的抑杀菌效应

采用二倍稀释法测定恩诺沙星对溶藻弧菌、最小弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、创伤弧菌4种12株菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),结果表明:恩诺沙星对12株弧菌的MIC为0.1?0.8 mg/L,MBC为0.4?3.2 mg/L。在此基础上,从每种菌中选取一株对恩诺沙星较为敏感的菌株,研究恩诺沙星不同药物浓度(1 MIC、2 MIC、4 MIC)对4种弧菌的杀菌动力学和抗菌后效应(PAE),结果显示:各浓度恩诺沙星对溶藻弧菌X040625-R菌株均有较强的杀菌作用,而对哈维氏弧菌M071202-H、创伤弧菌Q050723-C、最小弧菌H010911-Z等3菌株却表现出了低浓度抑菌、高浓度缓慢杀菌的作用。恩诺沙星的抗菌后效应PAE与药物浓度及细菌与药物的接触时间成正相关,恩诺沙星对溶藻弧菌X040625-R的PAE最长,对哈维氏弧菌M071202-H的PAE最短。     

新的药根碱三唑的合成与抗菌以及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性评价北大核心CSCD

通过有机合成手段合成了四个新的含三唑的药根碱衍生物,利用1H NMR,13C NMR和MS确认了目标化合物的结构,对合成的化合物进行了抗菌和抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)和丁酰胆碱酯酶(Bu Ch E)的活性测试。目标化合物显示具有较好的抗菌活性,抗菌结果显示所制备的化合物抑菌MIC范围从1到64μg/m L,对一些敏感菌的活性和阳性药物罗红霉素相当。对乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)的抑制也表现出较好的活性,IC50值从0.46μM到0.86μM,但这些化合物对丁酰胆碱酯酶(Bu Ch E)表现出较弱的活性IC50>100μM。药根碱三唑具有较好的抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性,且具有较好的选择性,同时具有较好的抗菌活性而且拓展了抗菌谱,可能成为一种新型的抗菌和治疗老年痴呆的先导化合物。     

泊沙康唑对临床来源接合菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的研究泊沙康唑对临床来源的接合菌体外抗菌活性。方法对临床来源的43株接合菌采用ITS区序列分析进行准确鉴定,采用E-test纸片法研究泊沙康唑对43株菌的体外药物敏感性,观察其MIC值。结果经ITS序列分析鉴定,43株临床来源接合菌中最为常见的是小孢根霉和不规则毛霉(各12株),其次为米根霉(10株),ramosa(3株)。其他菌种分别为ornata、总状共头霉、微小根毛霉、卷曲毛霉、印度毛霉和冻土毛霉各1株。E-test纸片法测得泊沙康唑对毛霉属、根霉属和Lichtheimia spp.的MIC值范围分别为0.19～>32μg/mL、0.19～3μg/mL、0.002～0.38μg/mL,对总状共头霉和微小根毛霉的MIC值分别为1μg/mL和0.19μg/mL。结论泊沙康唑对大部分接合菌有效,不同种属MIC值范围不同,毛霉属真菌的MIC值差异较大。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.