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1.
河蚌培养组织的几种生化成分分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文分析测定了三角帆蚌,褶纹冠蚌和背角无齿蚌外套膜培养组织及其培养液中的氨基酸,牛磺酸及钙含量。在珍蛛中含量较高的丙的氨酸和甘氨酸分别增加541%和91%。三种蚌在培养中牛磺酸含量增加5.78%到3倍,培养组织的钙含量增加1倍左右。同时测定了培养组织的碱性磷酸酶活性,培养组织与河蚌外套膜具有相近的比活及相对酶活。结果表明,河蚌外套膜在离体培养条件下,也具有分泌珍珠质的能力。  相似文献   

2.
张帅  陈修康  肖利娟  胡韧 《生态科学》2011,30(3):280-287
2009年5月31日-6月20日在广东省大沙河水库利用微型生态系统比较不同放养密度的褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)和背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)对水体氮、磷及浮游植物的影响,探讨两种蚌在控制南亚热带水库富营养化水体藻类水华上的可行性。实验结果表明,在褶纹冠蚌和背角无齿蚌处理组中,总氮、总磷和叶绿素a浓度显著增加,而铵氮的浓度显著下降;褶纹冠蚌和背角无齿蚌导致了浮游植物群落组成结构的改变和数量的增加,实验过程中绿藻所占的比例迅速上升。两种蚌之间没有显著的差异,只是在不同的作用强度下,时间上的响应不同。综合实验结果,褶纹冠蚌和背角无齿蚌难以有效地运用于我国华南地区水库的水质改善与富营养化控制。  相似文献   

3.
鄱阳湖是我国第一大淡水湖,孕育着丰富的我国淡水双壳类特有种(共17属58种),其中蚌科占67%,达13属39种[1],资源开发潜力巨大.Labieniec[2]、Goff[3]、蔡华芳[4]等对淡水蚌的研究集中于DNA生物制剂或蛋白饲料的开发利用.而国内对淡水蚌的研究多见于三角帆蚌(Hyfiopsis cum-mingii)、褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)等少量几种珠母贝的育珠研究[4].  相似文献   

4.
蚌科钩介幼虫的比较形态学研究Ⅱ.六个种幼虫的形态   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
研究了真柱矛蚌、剑状矛蚌,洞穴丽蚌、角月丽蚌、三解帆蚌、褶纹完蚌等六种蚌的育作囊的类型和钩介幼虫的形态,应用光镜及扫描电僮对钩介幼虫的形态结构进行了观察和比较。结果表明 柱矛蚌、剑状矛蚌、三角帆蚌、褶纹冠的育儿囊为外鳃类同生型,洞穴丽蚌、角月丽蚌的育儿囊为外鳃类四生型、钩介幼虫可为二类:真柱矛蚌、剑状矛蚌、褶 纹冠蚌为有钩型,三角帆蚌、油穴丽蚌、角月丽蚌为无钩型。一些细微结构在不同种之间也存在着差  相似文献   

5.
1.要求通过杂交种能培育大型珍珠。目前较好的育珠河蚌是三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)和褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata),但它们的育珠性状还不理想。三角帆蚌所产珍珠,质量虽佳,但插核植片部位的壳间距离小,不能育成大珠;褶纹冠蚌体型大,插核植片部位的壳间距离也大,外套膜厚实,能插大核植大片育成大型  相似文献   

6.
环节动物门 寡毛纲 后孔寡毛目、矩洲科:直隶环毛州、秉氏环毛叫 正叫科:背暗异唇酬蜓纲 颖蛙目、医蛙科:日本医蛙、尖细金线蛙、宽体金线蚝软体动物门腹足纲 中腹足目、田螺科:中华园田螺、中国园田螺、方形环棱螺 椎实螺科:静水椎实螺 柄眼目、姑缘利一:黄蜻蛹 蜗牛科:灰蜗牛瓣鳃纲 真瓣鳃目、蚌科:褶纹冠蚌、三角帆蚌、背角无齿蚌、背瘤丽蚌、射线裂脊蚌园顶珠蚌节肢动物门甲壳纲 等足目、平甲虫科:平甲虫 十足目、长臂虾科:日木沼虾 方蟹科:中华绒赞蟹、无齿相手蟹(螃蚁)蛛形纲 蝎目、纷蝎科:东亚纷蝎 蜘蛛日、园蛛科:大腹园蛛唇足纲 整…  相似文献   

7.
池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis schlegelii)和三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)的亲缘关系一直存在争议, 为了更深入地对淡水珠蚌进行系统发育分析, 研究对池蝶蚌及其3个近缘物种三角帆蚌、褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)和背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)的转录组进行了比较分析。对它们共有单拷贝同源基因进行多序列联配后计算这4种淡水珠蚌之间的遗传距离, 结果表明池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌的遗传距离只有0.00746(小于1%), 而其他淡水珠蚌之间的遗传距离几乎是它的10倍(平均大于6%)。系统发育分析表明, 小方蚌亚科与无齿蚌亚科大约在5144万年前发生分歧, 而池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌发生分化的时间大约在424万年前。进一步的遗传差异分析鉴定了池蝶蚌转录组中的特有基因, 其中KEGG 通路富集的结果表明这些基因主要富集在免疫细胞膜分子和蛋白消化吸收等通路上。同时, GO注释结果表明有很多特有基因与池蝶蚌的优良性状相关, 如与发育相关的生长发育、系统发育和动物器官发育等生物学过程, 及与免疫相关的免疫系统过程、抗原处理和呈递等生物学过程。以上结果表明, 池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌具有更近的亲缘关系, 它们可能是同一物种的不同亚种或不同种群, 这对淡水珠蚌种质资源的保护和遗传育种具有重要参考意义。此外, 相比于三角帆蚌, 池蝶蚌可能具有一些与生长发育及免疫相关的特有基因, 这为探究相关的分子机制提供了线索。  相似文献   

8.
采用改进的毛细管法 ,研究了圆背角无齿蚌 (Anodontawoodianapacifica)和三角帆蚌 (Hyriopsiscum ingii)两种淡水河蚌离体血细胞对两种水体中常见病原细菌的趋化移动作用 ,及血清对其的影响。结果显示 ,两种河蚌的离体血细胞对细菌都具有趋化移动作用 ,产生趋化移动的血细胞数量都显著高于无细菌的对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。在有血清时 ,血细胞对荧光极毛杆菌 (Pseudomonasfluorescens)的趋化移动活性略高于肠型点状气单孢菌 (Aeromonaspunctataf.intestinalis) ,圆背角无齿蚌离体血细胞的趋化移动能力显著高于三角帆蚌 (P <0 0 5 )。血清对河蚌离体血细胞的趋化移动作用有显著的促进作用 (P <0 0 5 )。  相似文献   

9.
为探究氨对蚌类早期生活史阶段的毒性效应,研究分别以褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)的钩介幼虫及稚蚌为实验对象开展了24h和48h的急性毒性实验。结果表明:氨对褶纹冠蚌钩介幼虫的24h半致死浓度(LC50)为0.63 mg NH3-N/L (NH3,分子氨)和78 mg TAN7.0,20℃/L (TAN7.0,20℃,pH 7.0水温20℃时即标准化的总氨氮);氨对褶纹冠蚌稚蚌的48h LC50为0.60 mg NH3-N/L和104 mg TAN7.0,20℃/L;上述阈值高于已有研究中氨对其他淡水蚌类的毒性阈值;褶纹冠蚌钩介幼虫对氨氮的耐受性低于稚蚌,二者均低于幼蚌,因此褶纹冠蚌更早期生活史阶段对氨的耐受性更低。相关研究结果可完善氨对蚌类毒性的理解,为水体氮管理策略的制定和蚌类保护提供一定科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
背角无齿蚌外套膜的组织化学研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana elliptica)在我国分布很广,是我国三种淡水育珠蚌之一。它所形成的珍珠微带金黄色,具有特殊的风格。四川省安岳县自1971年开始使用背角无齿蚌进行珍珠养殖以来,获得了不少经济利益,并积累了一些育珠经验。为了进一步探讨珍珠形成机理,以利于提高珍珠质量,从而获得更多优质珍珠。我们在对我国淡水育珠河蚌外套膜组织学和染色体等研究的基础上,又采用组织化学方法,对背角无齿蚌外套膜细胞中的核酸、糖类、酶等生物大分子物质作了组织化学方面的一些观察研究。  相似文献   

11.
Freshwater mussels provide important functions and services for aquatic ecosystems, but populations of many species have been extirpated. Information on biodiversity plays an important role in the conservation and management of freshwater mussels. The Xin River Basin is a biodiversity hotspot for freshwater mussels in China, with more than 43 species known, but populations of which are decreasing. Here, we quantify the diversity of freshwater mussels in the middle and lower reaches of the Xin River Basin and study the correlation of habitat characteristics and freshwater mussel diversity. Compared to the historical period, the number of species, density, and biomass of freshwater mussels decreased 33%, 83%, and 82% in the current period, respectively. Fifty two percent of recorded species were empty shells, and 14 native freshwater mussels were not found in the study area. Four species are currently listed as vulnerable species using IUCN criteria and their global status. The assemblage structure of freshwater mussels exhibits significant spatial differences, and there was a correlation with substrate and physicochemical parameters. The main tributary of the Xin River with higher freshwater mussel diversity should be established as one large protected area because the nestedness component was the main pattern of beta diversity. These results indicated freshwater mussel diversity was declining rapidly, which can help focus conservation effort for freshwater mussel biodiversity.  相似文献   

12.
The invasive alien crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus is considered harmful to freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera laevis and M. togakushiensis. It also often colonises mussel habitats in Japan. In order to test the negative effects of alien crayfish on mussels, we evaluated the predation impact of signal crayfish on freshwater pearl mussels in vitro. We tested the relationship between the survival/injury rates of mussels and crayfish predation with respect to different sizes of mussels (four classes based on shell length: 10, 30, 50 and 70 mm). Crayfish selectively fed on the flesh of the 10-mm size class mussels after breaking their shells. The shell margins of mussels in all size classes were injured by crayfish. Results also showed that crayfish particularly injured the 50-mm size class of mussels. This observation could be attributed to this mussel size being the most suitable shell size (29.56–37.73 mm in carapace length) that the crayfish can effectively hold. This study shows that the presence of invasive crayfish reduces freshwater pearl mussel populations by damaging the shell margins and/or killing the mussels. This negative impact of invasive crayfish not only decreases the mussel population but could also limit mussel recruitment, growth and reproduction.  相似文献   

13.
通过建立微型生态系统, 分析养殖池塘底泥释放重金属的特征及背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)对底泥释放重金属的净化效果。底泥对Al、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mo和Pb的最大释放量分别为636、1.5、70.9、34951、10.3、36.9、34.0、53.2、72.4、48.8和3.0 μg·kg-1 dw; 蚌能够对Al、Cr、Mn、Co、Cu、Zn、As和Mo产生净化作用(P<0.05), 最大去除率分别可达到84.7%、98.0%、33.3%、14.3%、23.5%、69.4%、50.0%和13.0%, 响应面优化分析显示养殖密度和处理时间分别为40 只·m-3和24.49 d、25 只·m-3和23.96 d, Al和As去除率可提升至93.8%和60.5%; Al、Cr、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、As和Mo的净化效果与养殖数量相关, Al、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mo和Pb的净化效果与处理时间相关, Cr、Co、Ni、Cu和Zn的净化效果与两者交互作用相关(P<0.05)。提示背角无齿蚌有潜力防控池塘底泥重金属污染。  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this work was to study the oxidative stress effects and histological alterations caused by dietary copper on the filter-feeding freshwater mussel Diplodon chilensis. Bivalves were fed during 6 weeks with the green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus previously exposed to copper. Metal concentration in algae cultures and bivalve digestive gland was measured by TXRF. A maximum accumulation of 0.49 μg Cu/mg protein was detected at week 6. Also at this week, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) showed the highest decrease (50%) in response to Cu exposure. SOD and GST activities were significantly increased at weeks 4, 5 and 6, reaching an activity on average 50% higher than in controls for GST. CAT activity and GSH increased significantly at weeks 5 and 6. Despite this response, oxidative damage measured as TBARS and carbonyl groups contents increased significantly at weeks 4, 5 and 6, respectively. Digestive tubule and duct atrophy and cell-type replacement in treated mussels were observed by histological studies. The presence of intracellular rhodanine-positive granules, suggests copper accumulation in intracellular vacuoles of digestive cells.  相似文献   

15.
Jamil  A.  Lajtha  K.  Radan  S.  Ruzsa  G.  Cristofor  S.  Postolache  C. 《Hydrobiologia》1999,392(2):143-158
Specimens of mussels species Anodonta anatina, Unio pictorum, U. tumidus and surfical sediment samples were collected in the summers of 1994 and 1995 from twelve lakes in the Danube Delta, Romania. Whole mussel tissues were analyzed for metals (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn), and sediment samples were subjected to weak acid extraction and to a sequential extraction procedure, and analyzed for Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. Total mean Cu and Ag concentrations were statistically greater in Unio species than in Anodonta species, but other metal levels did not significantly differ between mussel species. There was a ten fold variation for Cd and Pb and five fold variation for Zn, Ag and Co concentrations in mussels among lakes. Mean concentrations of As, Cu, Se and Zn in mussel tissues varied two fold among lakes. Zn, Co and Cd concentrations in mussels were significantly negatively correlated with distance gradients from the origin of the Delta and with distance from main channels of the Danube. Other metal concentrations in mussels did not correlate with either distance gradient. Trace metal levels in mussel tissues were correlated with those in weak acid and in sequential extractions of sediment. Zn concentrations in the carbonate fraction was the best predictor of Zn concentrations in mussels. Cu and Ni levels in the organic matter and sulfide fraction were the best estimators of Cu and Ni concentrations in mussels. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

16.
Seasonal changes in the concentrations and total amounts (contents) of Cd, Zn, and Cu in the mussel Mytilus edulis cultivated in the White Sea were studied over the reproductive cycle (prespawning, spawning, and postspawning stages). The results, when compared with published data on the closely related species M. trossulus from the Sea of Japan, suggest that the seasonal dynamics of trace element contents in mussel tissues are related to specific geochemical conditions, as well as to the dynamics of changes in soft tissue weight over the reproductive cycle. The contents of Cd and Cu in the mussels before, during, and after spawning changed similarly in the mollusks from the White Sea and the Sea of Japan. Changes in the Zn content at different stages of the reproductive cycle of the White Sea mussels were similar to those in mussels from the Sea of Japan but had smaller amplitude. The concentration of Zn in the White Sea mussels was before spawning the highest, but still lower than in mussels from the Sea of Japan. After the spawning, the Zn concentration in the White Sea mussels, in contrast to the Pacific mussels, decreased because of the redistribution of this element during the prespawning period from the somatic tissue into the gonad.  相似文献   

17.
1. Freshwater mussels (Order Unionoida) are the most imperiled faunal group in North America; 60% of described species are considered endangered or threatened, and 12% are presumed extinct. Widespread habitat degradation (including pollution, siltation, river channelization and impoundment) has been the primary cause of extinction during this century, but a new stress was added in the last decade by the introduction of the Eurasian zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha , a biofouling organism that smothers the shells of other molluscs and competes with other suspension feeders for food. Since the early 1990s, it has been spreading throughout the Mississippi River basin, which contains the largest number of endemic freshwater mussels in the world. In this report, we use an exponential decay model based on data from other invaded habitats to predict the long-term impact of D. polymorpha on mussel species richness in the basin.
2. In North American lakes and rivers that support high densities (>3000 m−2) of D. polymorpha , native mussel populations are extirpated within 4–8 years following invasion. Significant local declines in native mussel populations in the Illinois and Ohio rivers, concomitant with the establishment of dense populations of D. polymorpha , suggest that induced mortality is occurring in the Mississippi River basin.
3. A comparison of species loss at various sites before and after invasion indicates that D. polymorpha has accelerated regional extinction rates of North American freshwater mussels by 10-fold. If this trend persists, the regional extinction rate for Mississippi basin species will be 12% per decade. Over 60 endemic mussels in the Mississippi River basin are threatened with global extinction by the combined impacts of the D. polymorpha invasion and environmental degradation.  相似文献   

18.
Today, land use impacts a major proportion of all streams. Here, landscape features in corridors along streams and water chemical factors were analyzed in relation to recruitment of the threatened freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) and its host fish the brown trout (Salmo trutta). Mussel recruitment and trout density were negatively related to forest clear-cuts. Mussel recruitment was negatively related to water color and turbidity. Therefore, the threats to the mussel may be severe, as low mussel recruitment may be caused by direct effects on the juvenile mussels and indirect effects on the host fish. High proportions of lakes and ponds were found to be positive for recruitment and for trout, and deciduous forest was positively related to trout. The combination of investigations at different scales at the landscape level and at in-stream levels may be applicable to find threats to other threatened species. The results indicate that forestry activities may negatively affect recruitment of freshwater pearl mussels and its host fish. Reductions of forestry activities and the retaining of intact quantity and quality of the riparian zones next to streams, both for the mussel and its host fish may be important conservation measures to restore freshwater pearl mussel populations.  相似文献   

19.
为研究不同水体Ca2+浓度(10-80 mg/L)下三角帆蚌生长和珍珠质沉积量和晶体结构的变化, 采用鱼蚌混养的养殖模式养殖10周。结果表明, 1龄幼蚌生长的适宜Ca2+浓度为40 mg/L, 2龄未植片三角帆蚌生长的适宜Ca2+浓度为40-70 mg/L, 2龄植片三角帆蚌珍珠沉积的适宜Ca2+浓度为40 mg/L。拉曼光谱分析和珍珠层小片的扫描电镜观察结果表明, 适宜Ca2+浓度影响三角帆蚌珍珠质沉积可能是通过促进外套膜组织有机基质分泌从而调节CaCO3晶体形成和生长实现的。研究结果提示, 在三角帆蚌生长快速季节, 养殖水体中添加一定的钙源如生石灰等将有利于蚌体和珍珠的生长。同时研究结果也为加快珍珠培育, 提高珍珠品质提供理论依据和实践操纵手段。  相似文献   

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