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1.
采用非自由选择法,在室内研究了南美斑潜蝇寄主选择性及其与植物叶片营养物质和叶绿素含量的关系.结果表明,南美斑潜蝇成虫对不同供试植物的选择性存在显著差异,选择性最强的为菜豆、茼蒿和西葫芦,最差的为番茄和甘蓝.相关分析表明,南美斑潜蝇成虫寄主选择性与叶片可溶性糖含量存在显著的正相关关系(R=0.5014,P=0.0174,F=6.717),而与叶片可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量相关关系不显著.  相似文献   

2.
烟粉虱对几种常见蔬菜寄主的取食选择性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在多种蔬菜寄主同时存在的情况下,烟粉虱对寄主的选择性和嗜好性排序为:黄瓜>节瓜,番茄,菜豆>芥蓝,茄子>甘蓝,苦瓜。  相似文献   

3.
南美斑潜蝇取食和产卵行为研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
在室内用菜豆和蚕豆作为寄主植物饲养南美斑潜蝇Liriomyzahuidobrensis (Blanchard) ,观察其取食和产卵习性 ,测量出南美斑潜蝇在这两种作物上的取食孔、取食斑、产卵孔及卵的大小。研究表明 :南美斑潜蝇主要在叶片正面取食 ,在叶片背面产卵 ;南美斑潜蝇在蚕豆和菜豆上取食斑的数量与卵粒数无相关性。  相似文献   

4.
甜菜夜蛾对不同寄主植物的产卵和取食选择   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
张娜  郭建英  万方浩  吴刚 《昆虫学报》2009,52(11):1229-1235
为了探讨甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua对不同寄主植物的产卵选择及成虫产卵选择与幼虫取食选择间的关联度, 本研究选取玉米、豇豆、甘蓝、黄瓜、棉花、辣椒和番茄7种植物进行了选择性和非选择性实验研究, 并采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了成虫对其中3种寄主植物及其挥发物抽提物的趋性。结果表明:在田间非选择性实验中, 甜菜夜蛾在不同寄主植物上的落卵量依次为:玉米>辣椒>棉花>黄瓜、豇豆、番茄>甘蓝。Y型嗅觉仪的行为测定表明, 雌成虫对玉米及其挥发物抽提物的趋性最强, 黄瓜次之, 对甘蓝的趋性最弱, 这与雌虫的产卵选择性一致。不同龄期甜菜夜蛾幼虫对寄主植物的取食选择性有所不同, 且随观测时间的延长有所改变;低龄幼虫对豇豆、玉米和黄瓜的选择性较强, 对甘蓝、番茄、辣椒和棉花的取食选择性则较弱, 高龄幼虫对辣椒也具有较强的选择性;5龄幼虫对寄主植物的选择性不如低龄幼虫明显。结果显示, 甜菜夜蛾对不同寄主植物的产卵选择性显著不同, 植物抽提物在雌成虫的产卵选择中具有重要作用, 甜菜夜蛾对寄主植物的产卵选择性和幼虫取食选择性并不一致。  相似文献   

5.
不同食料植物对棉铃虫生长发育和繁殖的影响   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11  
阮永明  吴坤君 《昆虫学报》2001,44(2):205-212
报道了棉花、烟草、番茄和辣椒4种植物对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera生长发育和繁殖的影响。棉铃虫成虫喜欢在番茄上产卵,在辣椒上的着卵量最少。初孵幼虫喜选食嫩棉叶,选食辣椒嫩叶的虫数最少。4组幼虫取食嫩叶时的平均相对生长速率都有显著差异,顺序为棉叶组>烟叶组>番茄叶组>辣椒叶组。幼虫存活率以取食棉花时最高,取食番茄时最低。棉花组成虫的产卵量最高,烟草组的产卵量最低。取食棉花的棉铃虫种群增长的速度约为取食番茄时的14倍。6龄幼虫能有效利用和转化棉铃、烟草蒴果、辣椒果实,而对番茄果实的利用和转化效率较低。棉铃虫可分别以这4种植物的不同器官为食完成世代循环。其中,棉花是最适宜的寄主,辣椒和番茄是较不适宜的寄主。  相似文献   

6.
为探讨南瓜实蝇和瓜实蝇对不同寄主的产卵选择性及其与子代生长发育的关联度,采用生态测定方法,研究2种实蝇对南瓜、黄瓜、姜柄瓜、西葫芦、丝瓜和苦瓜6种寄主果实的产卵选择以及幼虫取食6种寄主后对其生长发育的影响。在产卵选择性试验中,2种实蝇对6种寄主的产卵选择性较为一致,均偏向于在丝瓜和黄瓜上产卵。在非产卵选择性试验中,南瓜实蝇在黄瓜和姜柄瓜上的产卵量较多;瓜实蝇在丝瓜和姜柄瓜上的产卵量较多;2种实蝇都对姜柄瓜有一定的偏好。在气味诱导的产卵选择性试验中,南瓜实蝇在姜柄瓜和黄瓜上的产卵量较多;瓜实蝇在黄瓜和丝瓜上的产卵量较多;2种实蝇都对黄瓜气味有一定的偏好;且南瓜实蝇和瓜实蝇都不偏好在苦瓜上产卵。南瓜实蝇分别取食黄瓜、苦瓜时,其幼虫期、蛹期较短;取食姜柄瓜时,蛹重最大;分别取食南瓜和黄瓜时的化蛹率、羽化率最高。瓜实蝇取食西葫芦时,幼虫期较短;取食丝瓜时,蛹期较短,且蛹重最大;分别取食黄瓜和南瓜时的化蛹率、羽化率最高。南瓜实蝇和瓜实蝇对不同寄主果实的产卵选择性均存在明显差异,寄主外部物理性状对实蝇的产卵选择有显著影响,2种实蝇对6种寄主果实产卵选择性和幼虫生长发育适应性的相关性不显著。  相似文献   

7.
南美斑潜蝇对不同黄瓜品种的寄主选择性   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用自由选择法测定了南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis对黄瓜不同品种的寄主选择性。结果表明,南美斑潜蝇成虫产卵和取食选择性最强的黄瓜品种为冬棚王,其对冬棚王的选择性与对光和地黄瓜、新四号黄瓜、津优2号、双杂一号、津杂2号、冬雪王、早春王、神农春四号、津春4号等品种的选择性存在显著差异,而与山东密刺、津优1号、春四号黄瓜、津杂4号、鲁优二号、津优4号、唐山秋瓜、神农春五号、津绿4号等品种差异不显著。测定结果表明,黄瓜不同品种间的叶毛数、可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖含量存在显著差异。相关分析表明,南美斑潜蝇对不同黄瓜品种的寄主选择性与其叶毛数存在显著的负相关,相关系数r=-0.475 5(P=0.039 5<0.05),而与叶片的可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖含量关系不显著。  相似文献   

8.
卵育型(Synovigenic)植食性昆虫的雌成虫需要取食寄主植物组织或非寄主食物(如花蜜、花粉等)以延长寿命和促进产卵。为了明确寄主食物和非寄主食物对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae卵子发生的功能差异,本实验在明确美洲斑潜蝇成虫卵巢发育动态和结构的基础上,比较了清水(饥饿,对照)、菜豆叶片、20%葡萄糖溶液、菜豆叶片+20%葡萄糖溶液四种处理下的雌成虫卵子发生动态。结果显示:美洲斑潜蝇为强卵育型昆虫,初羽化成虫体内无卵子;两侧卵巢管数之和为11-18根,大多数情况下,左右两侧卵巢管数目不等。成虫在饥饿条件下,几乎不能形成成熟卵子;继续取食寄主叶片、20%葡萄糖溶液和寄主叶片+20%葡萄糖溶液,均可显著促进卵子发生和卵成熟,但补充葡萄糖溶液起到极显著促进作用;成虫不具备卵子重吸收功能。本文重点从卵育型角度,对美洲斑潜蝇取食寄主食物和非寄主食物的营养功能进行了讨论。研究结果为美洲斑潜蝇以及该类植食性害虫的室内饲养和田间生态调控提供了依据。  相似文献   

9.
葫芦素B对美洲斑潜蝇成虫产卵和取食的抑制作用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
美洲斑潜蝇是严重危害瓜、豆类蔬菜的世界性害虫之一,主要以幼虫潜伏在叶表皮下的叶肉组织中为害,给防治带来很大困难。本研究测定了葫芦素B对美洲斑潜蝇成虫产卵和取食的抑制作用。在非选择性试验中,当葫芦素B使用浓度为500~2000 mg/L时,对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的产卵抑制率达31.2~69.9%,对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的取食抑制率达61.7~64.9%;在选择性试验中,葫芦素B使用浓度达1000~2000 mg/L时,对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的产卵抑制率和取食抑制率分别为54.8~71.1%和57.2~65.2%;研究结果表明:利用葫芦素B可有效地抑制美洲斑潜蝇成虫的产卵和取食,减轻其幼虫的为害,为安全、有效地控制美洲斑潜蝇提供了一条新途径。  相似文献   

10.
六种植物叶片中葫芦素B对美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性的影响   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
张茂新  凌冰  曾玲  庞雄飞 《生态学报》2004,24(11):2564-2568
在网室条件下 ,测定了美洲斑潜蝇对豇豆、苦瓜、黄瓜、白瓜、节瓜和丝瓜的寄主选择性。结果表明 ,美洲斑潜蝇在 6种不同植物叶片上的幼虫数、虫道数和为害程度具有明显的差异。从幼虫数和为害程度综合分析 ,美洲斑潜蝇在豇豆和丝瓜上的幼虫数、为害程度最高 ,分别是 0 .183头 / cm2 ,13.4 7%和 0 .0 99头 / cm2 ,2 3.4 2 % ,表明该虫对豇豆和丝瓜的选择性最强。在苦瓜上没有美洲斑潜蝇的幼虫寄生及取食虫道。该虫对其它 3种植物的选择性依次为节瓜、白瓜和黄瓜。在此基础上 ,进一步研究了不同植物叶片甲醇提取物中葫芦素 B的含量与美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性的关系。经高效液相色谱 (HPL C)测定 ,苦瓜中的葫芦素 B含量最高 (2 3.8μg/ ml) ,其次是黄瓜 (9.6 μg/ ml)、白瓜 (4 .3μg/ ml)、豇豆 (2 .7μg/ ml)和节瓜 (2 .5 μg/ m l) ,丝瓜中含量最少 ,仅为1.3μg/ ml。分析结果证实不同植物叶中的葫芦素 B含量与其幼虫数呈负相关 (r1 =- 0 .82 0 6 ,r0 .0 5=0 .811) ;将不同植物叶中的葫芦素 B含量和美洲斑潜蝇的为害程度分别转换成对数后进行相关性分析 ,二者之间的相关性呈极显著的负相关(r2 =- 0 .980 4 ,r0 .0 1 =0 .917)。说明随着寄主植物叶片中葫芦素 B含量的增加 ,美洲斑潜蝇的幼虫数及为害程度明显  相似文献   

11.
The age at which females begin to lay, the daily pattern of oviposition, the influence of host-plant material on egg-laying as well as the host preference of Mamestra brassicae L. (Lep., Noctuidae) were investigated under laboratory conditions. The females began to oviposit during the third, fourth and fifth scotophase after emergence. A great variability in daily female fecundity was observed. The highest level of oviposition occurred during the fifth day. Females oviposited during the whole scotophase, but maximal oviposition occurred during the second hour. The females without host-plant material laid fewer eggs than females with host-plant material (cabbage leaves Brassica oleracea var. capitata ). In two-choice tests, the females preferred to oviposit on cabbage rather than chrysanthemum, but there was no difference in the mean number of eggs laid on cabbage and tomato. There were significantly greater mean numbers of total eggs deposited on tomato than on chrysanthemum.  相似文献   

12.
We investigated the female oviposition preference and larval performance and behavior of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) on cabbage, tomato, soybean (host plants), and wormseed (nonhost plant) in laboratory experiments. In addition, we investigated the role of trichomes in the oviposition of females. Females oviposited more often on cabbage than on tomato, soybean, or wormseed plants. Tomato was the second most preferred plant, followed by soybean and wormseed. Neonate larvae gained more weight on cabbage and tomato than on soybean or wormseed, while second-instar larvae grew better on cabbage than on tomato, soybean, or wormseed. The least growth of neonate larvae occurred on wormseed plants. The orientation of neonate and second-instar larvae to cabbage, tomato, soybean, and wormseed did not differ significantly. Neonate larvae settled equally on leaf discs of cabbage, tomato, soybean, and wormseed, while most second-instar larvae settled on leaf discs of cabbage in comparison with the other plants after 24 h of release. The foliar area consumed by neonate larvae was quite similar among plants, but second-instar larvae consumed more cabbage than tomato, soybean, or wormseed. Comparing different types of leaves, females oviposited more often on mature than young leaves of tomato, soybean, and wormseed. In contrast, females did not show any preference for ovipositing on young or mature leaves of cabbage. In general, we found that the density or length of nonglandular and glandular trichomes of tomato, soybean, and wormseed plants negatively affected oviposition of T. ni females.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract:  Olfactometer and feeding/oviposition preference tests were carried out to study if host plant preference in two agromyzid leafminers, Liriomyza trifolii and Liriomyza huidobrensis , is influenced by pre-imaginal or imaginal experience, and at what level (host plant species, host plant variety or host age). It was found that the choice of host plant species (potato or tomato) and host plant variety had a pre-imaginal component, which could be reinforced (or modified) by an imaginal component. On the other hand, preference for potato leaves of different ages did not appear to be based on either pre-imaginal or imaginal factors, but resulted from differential performance and oviposition preference. The Hopkins' host selection principle appears to operate in these leafminers at the level of host species, and to some extent at the level of host variety, but not with respect to host age.  相似文献   

14.
潜叶昆虫广泛分布于鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目中,其幼虫潜入叶片内部生活和取食,是一类用于研究植物-昆虫-天敌种间关系和协同进化的重要模式生物。有些潜叶昆虫是重要农林害虫。相比外食性昆虫,在叶内取食的潜叶昆虫幼虫更易受到叶片物理性状的直接影响。叶片的着生位置、朝向、大小、颜色和表皮毛等直接决定潜叶虫成虫的取食和产卵选择,从而影响幼虫的空间分布和寄主适应。叶片的某些物理性状也会直接影响幼虫的取食行为、生长发育和被寄生率。研究叶片物理性状的防御作用以及潜叶昆虫对这些防御的适应,有助于了解潜叶昆虫-寄主植物的协同进化。另一方面,外界环境和遗传育种都有可能改变植物叶片的物理特性,而对潜叶害虫产生抗性,从而实现潜叶害虫的可持续生态控制。  相似文献   

15.
B型烟粉虱对三种寄主植物及其挥发物的行为反应   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20  
利用Y型嗅觉仪,测定了B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)雌虫对3种寄主植物、挥发物提取液、挥发物标样以及寄主植物挥发物模拟样的行为反应,并比较鉴定寄主植物挥发物的组分和含量,以期明确植物挥发物在B型烟粉虱寄主定向行为中的作用。结果表明:1)番茄植株和甘蓝植株及其相应的挥发物提取物对烟粉虱雌成虫均具有显著的引诱作用,而辣椒植株和挥发物提取物的引诱作用不明显;3种寄主植物和挥发物提取物分别两两之间比较时,烟粉虱的选择行为均极显著地表现为番茄 > 甘蓝 > 辣椒。2)番茄、甘蓝和辣椒具有不同的挥发物化学图谱,且挥发物组分的相对百分含量差异很大;番茄挥发物总量远远大于甘蓝和辣椒;从组分来看,番茄挥发物中主要为萜烯类(89.8%),甘蓝挥发物中主要为烷烃类(53.0%)。3)8种寄主植物挥发物标样(10-1~10-6 μL/μL)中,除1,8-桉树脑始终对烟粉虱具有引诱作用外,丁子香酚、苎烯、里那醇和月桂烯则是分别在10-4~10-6,10-1~10-4,10-1~10-4和10-1~10-4μL/μL时,才具有引诱作用;α-蒎烯、顺-3-已烯-1醇则在高浓度下(10-1和10-2 μL/μL)对烟粉虱具有排斥作用,低浓度下对烟粉虱没有任何影响;正十二烷在任何浓度下对烟粉虱均没有任何作用。4)在辣椒上分别喷施番茄挥发物模拟样和甘蓝挥发物模拟样,均显著增加对烟粉虱的引诱作用,而在番茄上喷施辣椒挥发物模拟样则无明显增效作用。综合分析认为,挥发性物质在B型烟粉虱对不同寄主植物的选择偏好时具有重要的行为导向作用。  相似文献   

16.
Biological control in ornamental crops is challenging due to the wide diversity of crops and cultivars. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that trichome density on different host plants influences the behavior and performance of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Behavioural observations of this predator in the presence or absence of prey (western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) were done on leaf squares of ornamental plant species differing in trichome density (rose, chrysanthemum and gerbera) and compared to a smooth surface (plastic). Tomato leaves were used to observe the influence of glandular trichomes. The performance of A. swirskii was assessed by measuring predation and oviposition rate. Behaviour of A. swirskii was influenced by plant species. Up to a certain density of trichomes, trichome number had a negative effect on walking speed. It was highest on plastic, followed by rose. No differences were found among chrysanthemum, gerbera and tomato. Walking speed was slightly higher on disks without prey. Proportion of time spent walking was the same on leaf disks of all plant species, with and without prey. No effect of glandular trichomes on tomato leaves was seen. Most thrips were killed and consumed on gerbera, and least on rose. Predation rates on chrysanthemum and plastic were intermediate. In contrast, no differences in oviposition rate were found among plant species. The results of this study indicate that trichome density can explain some of the variability in efficacy of A. swirskii on different crops. Release rates of A. swirskii may need to be adjusted depending on the crop in which it is used.  相似文献   

17.
In a laboratory flight tunnel, mated female, unmated female, and male adult cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), exhibited chemically mediated anemotaxis (attraction) in response to intact potted cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea L.), leading to contact with the plant. Similar attraction responses were also observed by mated females to potted soybean (Glycine max (L.)), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), and celery (Apium graveolens L.) plants in noncompetitive comparisons. Mated females, unmated females, and males flew to cabbage plants throughout the scotophase. Response rates for mated females were higher than for unmated females and males. Mated female cabbage loopers were attracted by odors of cabbage, soybean, tomato, or celery piped into a flight tunnel from single plants held in glass jars and not to odors of the non-host plant Setcreasea purpurea, or to humidified air. They were also attracted to water washings of cabbage at dosages of 0.4 to 2.0 gram equivalents, when presented on cotton dental wicks in the flight tunnel.  相似文献   

18.
植物果实、颜色和形状对橘小实蝇产卵选择的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)是近几年入侵江苏南部地区,严重危害当地水果、蔬菜的重要害虫。为深入了解其在该地区果树、蔬菜上的产卵特性,进行植物果实、颜色和形状对其产卵选择影响的研究。实验室中"纸杯法"的产卵选择试验结果表明,橘小实蝇对不同水果的产卵偏好性由高到低依次为:柑橘、香蕉、芒果、枣、石榴、苹果、桃子、梨、李、葡萄、柿;对不同蔬菜的产卵偏好性由高到低依次为:丝瓜、豇豆、苦瓜、黄瓜、茄子、南瓜、青椒、番茄。对不同寄主颜色和形状的产卵选择特点为,雌虫常选择桔黄色、绿色,以及圆球形的寄主产卵,而较少选择黑色、方形的寄主产卵。从试验结果可以看出,寄主果实散发出的气味,及其颜色和形状对橘小实蝇的产卵选择有影响。  相似文献   

19.
Abstract We studied oviposition preference of Plutella xylostella for four cultivars of cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower in the field. There were no differences in the number of eggs found on the various cultivars of broccoli or cauliflower. Significantly more eggs were laid on cultivar Savoy King than any of the other cabbage cultivars tested. We then compared the development time and feeding damage of larvae reared on Savoy King and Green Coronet cabbages. Larvae developed more rapidly and fed more and for longer on Green Coronet than Savoy King. Thus, while Savoy King is more attractive to oviposition in the field, net impacts on the crop may be lessened to some degree through lower feeding proficiency of the larvae on that cultivar.  相似文献   

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