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1.
拉萨拉鲁湿地夏季鸟类调查初报   总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
20 0 4年 8月采用样线法调查了拉萨市拉鲁湿地夏季鸟类的种类和数量 ,共记录到 2 6种鸟。鸟类群落中以灰沙燕 (Ripariariparia)、红脚鹬 (Tringatotanus)为优势种 ,优势度明显 (D =0 . 40 8) ,但群落多样性不高 (H′=1 . 5 3 1 )。拉鲁湿地夏季鸟类群落中涉禽和草甸鸟类占主导地位 ,标示着湿地表面水位下降、趋向于草原化的环境变化特点  相似文献   

2.
拉萨拉鲁湿地夏季土壤动物的群落特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
2010年6~7月,对拉鲁湿地5个生境的土壤动物进行了调查,共捕获大型和中小型干生土壤动物41类,18 446只,隶属于3门7纲14目32科17属。土壤动物的优势类群为线蚓科,占总捕获量的10.95%。常见类群有27类,占总捕获量的84.63%,其中螨类占总捕获量的32.5%,弹尾类占总捕获量的31.43%。各生境的土壤动物数量和种类在土壤各层的垂直分布具有明显的表聚性。5个生境分布的土壤动物Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(H’)从大到小依次为3#>5#>4#>1#>2#。5个生境间土壤动物的相似程度由极不相似到中等不相似(S值为0.105~0.400)。  相似文献   

3.
探究拉鲁湿地自然保护区的放线菌组成及其抑菌和酶活性,为放线菌新药物先导化合物和高活性酶的筛选提供资源。从拉鲁湿地自然保护区不同土壤类型、不同优势植被采集25份土样。用分散差速离心法分离了拉鲁湿地中温放线菌和低温放线菌。从中温放线菌中选择15株代表菌株进行了初步分类鉴定。采用打孔法检测了其对2株细菌和4株病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:(1)拉鲁湿地放线菌数量从水生环境向陆地生态系统递增,中温放线菌数量显著多于低温放线菌;(2)拉鲁湿地土壤中分离到链霉菌属、小单孢菌属、诺卡氏菌属、马杜拉菌属、小链孢菌属5个放线菌属。其中以链霉菌属和小单孢菌属为优势属。链霉菌属以金色类群、白孢类群和粉红孢类群为主,小单孢菌分离到黄橙类群和黑褐类群;(3)供试菌株分解纤维素能力较强,分解蛋白质活性较低,具有抗菌活性的菌株很少,且抗菌活性较弱;(4)供试菌株耐毒性物质的能力较强。这些菌可用于毒害有机物污染物的处理。  相似文献   

4.
西藏拉萨拉鲁湿地生态系统服务功能价值估算   总被引:23,自引:9,他引:23       下载免费PDF全文
青藏高原是“世界屋脊”,也是我国及南亚、东南亚地区江河水系的主要水源区。该区分布有13.3×104km2的天然湿地,仅西藏自治区就有6×104km2的各种类型湿地。这些湿地对于维护青藏高原地区的生态功能,保证下游地区江河水生态安全具有重要的战略地位。但是由于许多湿地紧邻人类活动密集的城市地区,也被视为重要的城市建设土地后备资源,他们的开发与保护,长期以来一直存在着争议。以拉萨拉鲁湿地为例,对高寒草甸沼泽湿地的生态服务功能进行了定量估算。研究发现,拉鲁湿地生态系统每年的服务功能总价值达到5481万元,其中物质生产功能价值仅有315万元,占总生态服务功能价值的5.75%;如果将该湿地开发为城市建设用地,平均每年的增值也只有1391万元,仅为生态系统功能总价值的25.38%。可以看出,保护这些湿地的生态价值要远比直接开发的价值高得多,因此在西藏地区经济发展和城市扩张的过程中,必须从整个生态系统的角度出发,科学合理地保护和利用湿地资源。  相似文献   

5.
6.
拉鲁湿地主要植物群落结构及物种多样性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
李春  周刊社  李晖 《西北植物学报》2008,28(12):2514-2520
2002年6~9月对拉鲁湿地植物种类、群落结构、生物量以及物种多样性进行了调查研究.结果表明:(1)拉鲁湿地共有植物30科52属85种,主要有芦苇[Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud.](A)、尼伯尔酸模(RumexnepalensisSpreng)(B)、水葱(Scirpus validusVahl)(C)、穗状狐尾藻(MyriophyllumspicatumL.)(D)、灯芯草(Juncus effususL.)(E)、针叶苔草(CarexonoeiFranch.et Sav.)和黑褐苔草(CarexatrofuscaSchkuhr)(F)、藏北嵩草(KobresialittledaleiC.B.Clarke)(G)、藏蓟[Cirsiumlanatum(Roxb.ex Willd.)Spreng.](H)等8个主要植物群落.(2)在8个主要植物群落中,嵩草群落所含物种数最多,为44种,穗状狐尾藻群落最少,仅8种;芦苇群落生物量最高,为124.5~1 027.0 g/m2,藏蓟群落生物量最低,为124.5~220.5 g/m2;优势种芦苇的生物量最高,为183.5~660.0 g/m2,藏蓟生物量最低,为43.1~76.3 g/m2.(3)各群落的垂直结构特点是:芦苇群落、水葱群落、穗状狐尾藻群落具有挺水层、浮叶层和沉水层,其他群落只具有可分为高、低两层的草本层.(4)在各群落的相似性方面,嵩草群落与藏蓟群落、水葱群落与芦苇群落和尼伯尔酸模群落的相似性要明显高于其他群落,其Jaccard系数分别为0.549 0、0.538 5、0.500 0;芦苇群落、尼伯尔酸模群落、水葱群落、穗状狐尾藻群落与藏蓟群落以及芦苇群落、穗状狐尾藻群落与嵩草群落在建群种上没有相似之处,Jaccard系数为0.  相似文献   

7.
西藏拉鲁湿地夏季土壤线虫群落特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
2010年6–7月,对拉鲁湿地5个样点的土壤动物进行了调查,共捕获土壤线虫10183条,隶属于2纲6目8科14属,其中真矛线属(Eudorylaimus)、似绕线属(Anaplectus)、地单宫属(Geomonhystera)为优势类群,占土壤线虫总个体数的62.23%。营养类群有食细菌线虫和捕食-杂食线虫。不同样点中,土壤线虫的类群数和个体数垂直分布差异显著(P<0.05),大小顺序为0–5 cm>5–15 cm。5个样点的土壤线虫Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(H′)依次为3#>5#>4#>1#>2#。5个样点间土壤线虫群落的相似程度为极不相似到中等不相似(S值在0.154–0.667)。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】开展拉鲁湿地水体酵母菌多样性研究,探究理化因子与酵母菌群落结构的相互关系。【方法】采用原位培养法从拉鲁湿地11个水样中分离酵母菌,应用26S r RNA D1/D2区域序列分析,并结合经典分类法对获得的菌株进行分类鉴定,运用SPSS和CANOCO软件分析酵母菌多样性及其与环境因子相关性。【结果】从拉鲁湿地水体中分离得到169株酵母菌,鉴定分属为15个属31个种。优势种为Ustilentyloma graminis和Filobasidium magnum,优势属为Naganishia、Ustilentyloma、Filobasidium和Cystofibasidium。统计分析结果表明,化学需氧量(COD)是影响拉鲁湿地水体酵母菌数量的显著因素,另外,此理化因子是影响Ustilentyloma分布的重要环境条件。【结论】西藏拉鲁湿地酵母菌资源比较丰富,且存在明显的空间异质性。  相似文献   

9.
为了解四川南莫且湿地国家级自然保护区的鸟类多样性和湿地水鸟状况,2019年8月—2021年4月采用样线法和样点法对保护区的鸟类资源进行了10次野外调查,结合历史资料统计出鸟类18目46科176种,其中,国家一级重点保护野生鸟类9种,国家二级重点保护野生鸟类24种。居留类型以留鸟(102种,57.95%)和夏候鸟(51种,28.98%)为主;区系组成以古北界种类占优。草甸的物种丰富度和多度最高,灌丛及灌草丛的多样性指数最高;丰富度夏季最高,冬季最低。湿地水鸟的物种丰富度和多度都较少,仅有28种,调查到20种,以赤麻鸭Tadorna ferruginea、普通秋沙鸭Mergellus merganser和红脚鹬Tringa totanus较为常见,不同湿地生境的鸟类物种丰富度差异不大。本研究丰富了区域鸟类的基础信息,为保护区鸟类多样性的保护和管理提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
高原城市湿地是高原城市生态系统的重要组成部分,对维护高原城市的经济发展和生态环境建设具有重要作用,但目前针对高原城市湿地植被状况及其影响因素的研究较为缺乏。植被指数是评估植被状况的关键指标之一,通过比较高原城市湿地生态系统中不同植被指数评估地表植被状况,进而探究其对气候变化的响应,可为全球变化背景下高原城市湿地的修复和保护提供重要的参考价值。本研究以青藏高原拉鲁湿地国家级自然保护区为对象,利用Landsat系列影像数据计算2000—2020年植被生长季(5—9月)的归一化植被指数(NDVI)、增强型植被指数(EVI)、比值植被指数(RVI)和植被覆盖度(FVC),通过趋势回归分析揭示过去20年拉鲁湿地3种植被指数和植被覆盖度的时空变化特征,并结合降雨量与温度数据探讨不同植被指数与二者之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)拉鲁湿地FVC整体水平较高,2000—2020年平均FVC为0.57,中部和南部FVC高于北部边缘区域,拉鲁湿地FVC增加区域的面积大于减少区域的面积,且以轻微增加(面积占比32.38%)的变化趋势为主;(2)拉鲁湿地NDVI和RVI反演结果相关性较高(R2=0.92,P<0.01),且在监测拉鲁湿地FVC方面优于EVI,EVI对高植被覆盖度区域的植被生长状况变化更敏感,NDVI在反演拉鲁湿地植被覆盖中的效果最佳,适应性最高;(3)NDVI、EVI和RVI均与温度呈负相关,而与降雨量呈正相关,且温度对植被指数的影响更大。综上,拉鲁湿地国家级自然保护区2000—2020年FVC呈略微上升趋势,植被指数在空间上均表现为拉鲁湿地中部和南部数值高于北部边缘,NDVI在拉鲁湿地植被反演中的适应性优于RVI与EVI,温度对植被指数的影响大于降雨量,研究结果可为拉鲁湿地国家级自然保护区的保护与修复提供有效的科学依据和数据支撑。  相似文献   

11.
Bee  Mark A. 《Behavioral ecology》2002,13(1):109-124
Some animals use communication signals to assess their opponent'ssize and fighting ability during aggressive conflicts. Malefrogs assess their opponent's size based on the fundamentalfrequency (pitch) of advertisement calls, which is negativelycorrelated with body size, an important determinant of fightingability in frogs. I conducted a field playback experiment toinvestigate whether territorial male bullfrogs assess the sizeof opponents based solely on size-related variation in fundamentalfrequency. I repeatedly broadcast synthetic bullfrog advertisementcalls to three groups of males. Playback stimuli simulateda large male (n = 24), a small male (n = 24), or an acousticallysize-matched male (n = 34). Neither the simulated size of theopponent, the subject's own size, nor the degree of size asymmetrybetween the subject and simulated intruder had significanteffects on the magnitude of responses during the playback testor on the rate of habituation that occurred with repeated stimulation.Post-hoc analyses of effect sizes and statistical power indicatedthat the effects in this study were quite small compared toprevious studies in other frogs. More important, power analysesindicated that this study had high power (1 - ß >0.90) to detect the magnitude of effect sizes observed in previousstudies. Thus, territorial male bullfrogs do not appear to assessan opponent's fighting ability based solely on the fundamentalfrequency of acoustic signals. These results contrast starklywith theoretical predictions and previous empirical work withfrogs.  相似文献   

12.
拉萨郊区藏族的指纹研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
花兆合  潘阳 《人类学学报》1995,14(3):233-239
本文报道了拉萨郊区517例(男226人,女291人)藏族健康人的指纹参数正常值、调查分析了指纹类型、指纹组合、指纹指数和指嵴纹计数。比较了藏族不同居群、不同民族和人种间的差异。结果表明,藏族有自己的指纹特点,又显著蒙古人种的一般特征。  相似文献   

13.
湿地生态单元定义及其在湿地恢复中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
生态单元的概念在生态系统的环境保护和生物保护中被广泛应用。通过阐述湿地生态单元的定义、内涵和外延,分析了湿地生态单元的特征,介绍了湿地生态系统的内部生态单元、湿地\"外援\"生态单元和人工重建湿地生态单元等在湿地恢复中的应用案例,并对湿地生态单元未来需要关注的研究方向进行了总结,以期为湿地保护与精细化管理提供理论基础和科学依据。  相似文献   

14.
陈丽  王东波  君珊 《生态学报》2019,39(3):757-769
2017年8月对拉萨河流域23个采样点的底栖动物群落和环境因子特征进行了调查,采集到大型底栖动物41属(种),其中水生昆虫35属(种),占85.4%;软体动物2属(种),占4.9%;环节动物3属(种),占7.3%;线形动物1属(种),占2.4%。各点位平均物种数为8种,优势种组成差别较大,优势种主要有四节蜉属(Baetis spp.)、大蚊属(Tipula sp.)、纹石蛾属(Hydopsychesp.)、短石蛾属(Brachycentrus sp.)、水丝蚓属(Limnodrilus sp.)、摇蚊属(Chironomus sp.)等,各采样点底栖动物平均密度为362只/m2。运用生物多样性指数分析底栖动物的群落结构,Marglef丰富度指数、香农威纳指数和均匀度指数平均值分别为1.18、1.32和0.49,生物多样性指数水平较低。采用均匀度指数法和底栖动物BI指数法进行了水质评价,两种评价结果显示分别有30.3%和56.5%的采样点水质为中污染至重污染状态。典范对应分析结果表明:影响拉萨河流域底栖动物群落的主要环境因子是海拔、化学需氧量、硫化物、p H值、总磷和总氮。  相似文献   

15.
Numerous efforts have been made in West Virginia to construct and restore compensatory wetlands as mitigation for natural wetlands destroyed through highway development, timbering, mining, and other human activities. Because such little effort has been made to evaluate these wetlands, there is a need to evaluate the success of these systems. The objective of this study was to determine if mitigation wetlands in West Virginia were adequately supporting ecological communities relative to naturally occurring reference wetlands and to attribute specific characteristics in wetland habitat with trends in wildlife abundance across wetlands. Specifically, avian and anuran communities, as well as habitat quality for eight wetland-dependent wildlife species were evaluated. To supplement this evaluation, vegetation and invertebrate communities also were assessed. Wetland ranks were assigned based on several parameters including richness, abundance, diversity, density, and biomass, depending on which taxa was being analyzed. Mitigation wetlands consistently scored better ranks than reference wetlands across all communities analyzed. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed no correlations between environmental variables and community data. However, trends relating wetland habitat characteristics to community structure were observed. These data stress the need to maintain specific habitat characteristics in mitigated wetlands that are compatible with wildlife colonization and proliferation.  相似文献   

16.
The Hani terrace paddyfield in Yunnan Province,China is categorized as a 'constructed wetland' under the Lamsar Convention classification.The Hani terrace paddyfield ranges from an altitude of 144 to 2000 m above sea level (ASL) in the southern slopes of the Ailao Mountains,angling down at a range of 15°to 75°.In this study,we investigated the ecosystem of the terrace paddyfields in the Mengpin and Quanfuzhuang administrative villages located at the center of the cultural heritage conservation district in the Hani terrace paddy-field.The Hani terrace paddyfield ecosystem structure is "forest-village-terrace paddyfield-river" in the order of descending altitude.Soil and water samples were sequen-tially taken from forests,villages and the terrace paddy-fields to be able to study the vertical characteristics of Hani's terrace paddyfields.PO4-P and NH3-N in water were measured to test for water contamination.Seven soil nutrient factors were tested,including organic material (OM),char and nitrogen ratio (C/N),pH,total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP),available phosphorus (AP),and available potassium (AK).Soil quality was also eval-uated using the characteristics of the soil nutrient factors.Vertical changes in the landscape,wetland types,wetland plants,hydrology and soil nutrients were characterized.Results showed that:(1) Hani's terrace paddyfield can be divided into five types of wetlands; the rice varieties and cultivation patterns vary in each type of wetland.(2) Hani's terrace paddyfield has a great capacity for water conservation and a strong ability to purify contaminants.The impoundage of Hani's terrace paddyfield is about 5050 m3/hm2.Contaminants in the terrace paddyfield soils decrease exponentially with the decline in altitude.(3) Comparison of soil quality in five different land use types indicates decreasing soil quality from forest to ter-race land to terrace paddyfield to water source.Except for headwater soil,single factors such as OM,TN and TP,and the comprehensive soil quality in individual sampling zones tend to increase with altitude elevation.Comprehensive soil quality in the Quanfuzhuang sam-pling zone is better than in the Mengpin sampling zone.Finally,a comparison of Hani's terrace paddyfield with plain paddyfields and natural wetlands highlighted the vertical characteristics of Hani's terrace paddyfield.  相似文献   

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The Hani terrace paddyfield in Yunnan Province, China is categorized as a ‘constructed wetland’ under the Lamsar Convention classification. The Hani terrace paddyfield ranges from an altitude of 144 to 2000 m above sea level (ASL) in the southern slopes of the Ailao Mountains, angling down at a range of 15° to 75°. In this study, we investigated the ecosystem of the terrace paddyfields in the Mengpin and Quanfuzhuang administrative villages located at the center of the cultural heritage conservation district in the Hani terrace paddyfield. The Hani terrace paddyfield ecosystem structure is “forest-village-terrace paddyfield-river” in the order of descending altitude. Soil and water samples were sequentially taken from forests, villages and the terrace paddyfields to be able to study the vertical characteristics of Hani's terrace paddyfields. PO4-P and NH3-N in water were measured to test for water contamination. Seven soil nutrient factors were tested, including organic material (OM), char and nitrogen ratio (C/N), pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK). Soil quality was also evaluated using the characteristics of the soil nutrient factors. Vertical changes in the landscape, wetland types, wetland plants, hydrology and soil nutrients were characterized. Results showed that: (1) Hani's terrace paddyfield can be divided into five types of wetlands; the rice varieties and cultivation patterns vary in each type of wetland. (2) Hani's terrace paddyfield has a great capacity for water conservation and a strong ability to purify contaminants. The impoundage of Hani's terrace paddyfield is about 5050 m3/hm2. Contaminants in the terrace paddyfield soils decrease exponentially with the decline in altitude. (3) Comparison of soil quality in five different land use types indicates decreasing soil quality from forest to terrace land to terrace paddyfield to water source. Except for headwater soil, single factors such as OM, TN and TP, and the comprehensive soil quality in individual sampling zones tend to increase with altitude elevation. Comprehensive soil quality in the Quanfuzhuang sampling zone is better than in the Mengpin sampling zone. Finally, a comparison of Hani's terrace paddyfield with plain paddyfields and natural wetlands highlighted the vertical characteristics of Hani's terrace paddyfield. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(7): 2115–2124 [译自: 生态学报]  相似文献   

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