AMD3100促进动脉粥样硬化病变与上调炎性因子表达及下调SDF-1α/CXCR4轴有关

探索CXCR4阻断剂AMD3100促进apoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化病变的分子机制．36只8周龄雄性apoE-/-小鼠随机分为三组：普食组、高脂组和AMD3100组．ELISA法测血清基质细胞衍生因子1α(SDF-1α)水平,采用氧化酶法测定apoE-/-小鼠血清中三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量．HE染色检测apoE-/-小鼠主动脉根部横切面动脉粥样硬化病变．免疫组织化学检测小鼠胸主动脉CXCR4表达．RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测小鼠动脉组织TNF-α、NF-κB mRNA和蛋白质表达．AMD3100组小鼠主动脉根部横截面的动脉粥样硬化病变较高脂组严重,AMD3100组小鼠胸腹主动脉炎症因子TNF-α、NF-κB的mRNA水平和蛋白质表达增高,但血脂TG、TC、HDL-C和LDL-C含量与高脂组均无显著性差异．AMD3100组小鼠外周血SDF-1α水平和动脉壁CXCR4表达低于高脂组．结果表明：AMD3100通过上调炎性因子表达及下调SDF-1/CXCR4 轴促进apoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化病变．     

抑制Toll样受体4对apoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化病变的影响

通过Toll样受体4(TLR4)抑制剂表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对TLR4途径的抑制,研究apoE-/- 小鼠TLR4及多种炎症因子的表达和动脉粥样硬化病变程度的改变,以探讨TLR4途径在动脉粥样硬化病变发生中的作用.5岗龄雄性apoE-/- 小鼠50只,随机分成4组:基础饮食组对照组(n=12)、高脂饮食组对照组(n=12)、基础饮食+EGCG组(n=13)、高脂饮食+EGCG组(n=13).给药14周后处死动物,从主动脉根部连续冰冻切片,油红O染色观察主动脉窦处动脉粥样硬化(As)斑块面积,定量分析主动脉粥样硬化斑块大小及占管腔的面积百分比,采用Real time-PCR检测主动脉TLR4 mRNA和CD14mRNA的表达,蛋白质印迹检测TLR4和CD14蛋白表达,ELISA检测小鼠血清中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度.研究结果提示:EGCG显著减轻apoE-/- 主动脉窦部的动脉粥样硬化病变,高脂对照组的主动脉窦AS斑块面积为(2.37±0.08)mm2,高脂饲料+EGCG组的主动脉窦AS斑块的面积为(1.05±0.13)mm2,EGCG组小鼠主动脉窦粥样斑块面积比相应对照组明显减少(P<0.05),高脂饮食+EGCG组小鼠TLR4蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),MCP-1,TNF-α的含量减少,与高脂饮食对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05).TLR4信号转导途径在高脂所致的AS发生当中有着重要作用,该信号途径的激活至少是AS发生当中的一个重要环节.     

重组腺病毒介导脂联素基因对ApoE~(-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化的作用机制

目的研究腺病毒介导的脂联素(APN)过表达对Apo E-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化(AS)的抑制作用和对NF-κB信号通路的影响。方法将12周龄雄性Apo E-/-小鼠120只分为空载腺病毒对照组和脂联素干预组,每组60只。在3个不同时间点(0天、4周、8周)处死小鼠收集组织。全自动生化仪检测血脂指标;ELISA法测定血清APN浓度;油红O染色法检测小鼠主动脉血管组织的病理学变化;Masson染色法检测进展性斑块区的胶原含量和纤维帽厚度变化;免疫荧光法测定小鼠主动脉血管APN和NF-κB p65蛋白的表达;免疫印迹法检测主动脉血管APN、NF-κB p65核蛋白和炎症因子的表达。结果 APN过表达抑制了Apo E-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块形成。与对照组相比,脂联素干预组的动脉粥样硬化病理损伤面积减少(P0.01),动脉粥样硬化损伤程度降低(P0.001),总体油红O染色测定血管表面损伤百分比,4周时为(27.78±8.64)vs(33.02±5.18)%;8周时为(31.58±5.87)vs(52.16±5.79)%。脂联素减缓了高脂饮食导致的小鼠血清中TC(P0.001)、TG(P0.001)、LDL-C(P0.001)的浓度增加,使血脂水平趋向正常化。随着血清脂联素浓度增加,可以阻遏NF-κB通路的激活,抑制NF-κB p65核蛋白和炎症因子的表达。结论脂联素通过抑制NF-κB通路激活来减轻AS的炎症反应。     

ApoE~(-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化模型的建立

ApoE-基因敲除小鼠(ApoE-/-)经含有21%脂肪和0.15%胆固醇的高脂饲料喂食12周后进行各项血脂胆固醇水平检测,以及整体主动脉油红O染色与主动脉根部病理切片油红O染色等动脉粥样硬化病理分析。结果显示经过高脂诱导的ApoE-/-小鼠的血浆总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平均比未经饮食诱导的ApoE-/-小鼠、经同样饮食处理的野生型小鼠以及未经处理的野生型小鼠均显著升高(P0.05);低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇水平与野生型(正常饮食组和高脂组)相比升高了近3倍多;高脂诱导ApoE-/-小鼠的主动脉斑块面积占整体主动脉面积的65%,显著高于ApoE-/-小鼠的正常饮食组(21%)(P0.05),同时主动脉根部的血管壁明显增厚,管腔变窄。实验结果表明通过高脂饲料饮食诱导,成功建立了动脉粥样硬化模型小鼠,可为下游的药物筛选、基因治疗以及动脉粥样硬化机理的体内研究提供理想的实验材料。     

清血消脂片对代谢性炎症小鼠的干预作用及炎症机制研究

目的:研究清血消脂片对代谢性炎症小鼠血脂和血清炎症因子IL-6、MIP-1a以及NF-κB和PPARγm RNA表达的影响。方法:60只雄性C57小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、立普妥组、清血消脂片组(n=15)。采用高脂饮食联合脂多糖注射造成小鼠代谢性炎症模型。造模5周后,按成人临床等效剂量换算成小鼠剂量灌胃给药,每天两次,连续灌胃5周。处死后采血和取肝脏,检测各组小鼠血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,并采用流式细胞术检测血清炎症因子IL-6和MIP-1a水平。反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法测定肝脏NF-κB和PPARγm RNA的表达。结果:与模型组相比,清血消脂片组小鼠血清TC和LDL-C水平明显降低(P0.01),血清炎症因子IL-6和MIP-1a水平明显降低(P0.01),清血消脂片组小鼠肝脏组织中NF-κB m RNA的表达显著降低(P0.05),PPARγm RNA的表达显著提高(P0.05)。结论:清血消脂片可降低代谢性炎症小鼠血脂和血清炎症因子IL-6和MIP-1a水平,并可通过调控核转录因子NF-κB和PPARγ受体,抑制小鼠体内代谢性炎症,从而可能对早期动脉粥样硬化起到干预作用。     

动脉粥样硬化小型猪三磷酸 腺苷结合盒转运体 A1 表达的变化

用贵州小香猪建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型,探讨动脉粥样硬化小型猪三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体 A1(ABCA1) 表达的变化 . 采用血管内膜损伤法加高脂高胆固醇饲料喂养贵州小香猪,建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型 . 血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度均用氧化酶法测定,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测 ABCA1mRNA 水平,蛋白质印迹和免疫组织化学检测 ABCA1 蛋白质的表达 . 喂养 12 个月后,实验组与正常对照组比较,空腹血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高;实验组小型猪主动脉、髂动脉、颈总动脉和冠状动脉可见动脉粥样硬化斑块和脂质条纹;实验组小型猪肝组织、主动脉、小肠组织 ABCA1 表达上调 . 结果提示,采用血管内膜损伤法加高脂高胆固醇饲料喂养小型猪可建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型 . 动脉粥样硬化小型猪肝组织、主动脉和小肠组织 ABCA1 表达上调 .     

动脉粥样硬化小型猪三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体Al表达的变化

用贵州小香猪建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型,探讨动脉粥样硬化小型猪三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体Al(ABCAl)表达的变化．采用血管内膜损伤法加高脂高胆固醇饲料喂养贵州小香猪,建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型．血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度均用氧化酶法测定,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测ABCAlmRNA水平,蛋白质印迹和免疫组织化学检测ABCAl蛋白质的表达．喂养12个月后,实验组与正常对照组比较,空腹血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高;实验组小型猪主动脉、髂动脉、颈总动脉和冠状动脉可见动脉粥样硬化斑块和脂质条纹;实验组小型猪肝组织、主动脉、小肠组织ABCAl表达上调．结果提示,采用血管内膜损伤法加高脂高胆固醇饲料喂养小型猪可建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型．动脉粥样硬化小型猪肝组织、主动脉和小肠组织ABCAl表达上调．     

汉黄芩素缓解高脂饮食喂养ApoE~(-/-)小鼠的动脉粥样硬化和NF-κB介导的动脉炎症反应

为探究汉黄芩素对高脂饮食喂养ApoE~(-/-)小鼠的动脉粥样硬化和炎症的影响,本研究将ApoE~(-/-)小鼠分为正常饮食组、高脂饮食组、高脂饮食+汉黄芩素10 mg/kg组、高脂饮食+汉黄芩素20 mg/kg组,高脂饮食和药物同时给予,12周后收集动脉组织。采用RT-qPCR法检测IL-6、TNF-α、ICAM-1和VCAM-1的mRNA表达;油红O染色和HE染色检测主动脉根部油脂变化和病理变化;免疫荧光染色检测Moma-2和VCAM-1表达;生化试剂盒检测血液中的血脂水平;Western blot法检测动脉的NF-κB的磷酸化和IκB-α的表达变化。结果显示,与高脂饮食组比较,汉黄芩素治疗组动脉粥样硬化斑块面积减少(P0.05),但血脂水平无变化;汉黄芩素治疗组动脉中单核/单核巨噬细胞浸润,TNF-α、IL-6、ICAM-1和VCAM-1的mRNA表达水平,VCAM-1的蛋白表达水平和NF-κB信号通路的激活均显著降低(P0.05)。提示汉黄芩素有效缓解高脂饮食喂养诱导的小鼠动脉粥样硬化,并伴随抑制NF-κB介导的动脉炎症。     

三种乳杆菌对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的缓解作用及机制CSCD

目的探讨3株乳杆菌(植物乳植杆菌、罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌和副干酪乳酪杆菌)对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)的缓解作用及机制。方法采用葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)法构建C57BL/6J小鼠急性UC模型,并在造模前后均给予乳杆菌干预治疗;测量各组小鼠体质量、结肠长度;采用蛋白免疫印迹技术检测小鼠结肠上皮紧密连接蛋白表达水平;HE染色观察分析小鼠结肠组织病理变化;16S rDNA高通量测序分析小鼠肠道菌群组成情况;转录组测序分析小鼠结肠组织基因表达差异。结果与DSS模型组相比,植物乳植杆菌干预组(t=2.285,P=0.045)和副干酪乳酪杆菌干预组(t=2.360,P=0.040)小鼠体质量增加显著;植物乳植杆菌干预组(t=2.335,P=0.042)结肠长度显著增加;植物乳植杆菌干预组(ZO-1:t=4.975,P=0.003;Occludin:t=2.629,P=0.034)和罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌干预组(ZO-1:t=3.523,P=0.013;Occludin:t=2.525,P=0.040)紧密连接蛋白表达水平显著上调。乳杆菌干预组结肠黏膜组织病理损伤得以缓解,肠道菌群丰度及多样性降低得以改善。植物乳植杆菌干预组vs DSS模型组共有69个差异表达基因,KEGG pathway分析提示差异基因富集于免疫调节、内分泌与消化系统相关疾病等通路上。结论3株乳杆菌对UC小鼠展现出较好的缓解作用,其作用机制与修复肠道屏障、调节肠道微生物群结构和降低肠道炎症水平相关。     

神经鞘磷脂合成酶2基因的缺失有抗动脉粥样硬化及抗炎作用

本文以神经鞘磷脂合成酶2基因敲除(sphingomyelin synthase 2 knockout,SMS2-/-)小鼠为研究对象,旨在探讨神经鞘磷脂(sphingomyelin,SM)代谢与动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)发生之间的关系。雄性3月龄SMS2-/-小鼠为实验组,同性别同月龄C57BL/6J(wild-type,WT)小鼠为对照组。用高脂高胆固醇饮食喂养两组小鼠,并给予胆盐以促进AS斑块的形成。喂养3个月后解剖观察小鼠主动脉弓,剖开胸腹主动脉进行油红染色以观察AS斑块发生情况;同时收集小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,用脂多糖刺激后,提取核蛋白用Western blot方法检测核因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NFκB)p65含量;高脂饮食喂养前后,小鼠断尾取血,酶法测定血清SM水平,用血脂检测试剂盒检测血脂水平。结果显示,高脂饮食喂养3个月后,SMS2-/-小鼠的主动脉弓和胸腹主动脉很少形成AS斑块,而WT小鼠则产生了较多AS斑块;高脂饮食喂养前后,SMS2-/-小鼠血清SM水平均明显低于WT小鼠(P0.05),而血脂水平并无显著性差异(P0.05);高脂饮食喂养后,SMS2-/-小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞经过脂多糖刺激产生的NFκBp65含量明显低于WT小鼠。以上结果提示,SMS2基因的缺失有抗AS及抗炎作用,因而可能成为临床治疗的新策略。     

Phospholipid transfer protein deficiency ameliorates diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and inflammation in mice

Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) facilitates the transfer of phospholipids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins into HDL. PLTP has been shown to be an important factor in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis. Here, we report that chronic high-fat, high-cholesterol diet feeding markedly increased plasma cholesterol levels in C57BL/6 mice. PLTP deficiency attenuated diet-induced hypercholesterolemia by dramatically reducing apolipoprotein E-rich lipoproteins (-88%) and, to a lesser extent, LDL (-40%) and HDL (-35%). Increased biliary cholesterol secretion, indicated by increased hepatic ABCG5/ABCG8 gene expression, and decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption may contribute to the lower plasma cholesterol in PLTP-deficient mice. The expression of proinflammatory genes (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) is reduced in aorta of PLTP knockout mice compared with wild-type mice fed either a chow or a high-cholesterol diet. Furthermore, plasma interleukin-6 levels are significantly lower in PLTP-deficient mice, indicating reduced systemic inflammation. These data suggest that PLTP appears to play a proatherogenic role in diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice.     

Butyrate and propionate protect against diet-induced obesity and regulate gut hormones via free fatty acid receptor 3-independent mechanisms

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primarily acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are metabolites formed by gut microbiota from complex dietary carbohydrates. Butyrate and acetate were reported to protect against diet-induced obesity without causing hypophagia, while propionate was shown to reduce food intake. However, the underlying mechanisms for these effects are unclear. It was suggested that SCFAs may regulate gut hormones via their endogenous receptors Free fatty acid receptors 2 (FFAR2) and 3 (FFAR3), but direct evidence is lacking. We examined the effects of SCFA administration in mice, and show that butyrate, propionate, and acetate all protected against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Butyrate and propionate, but not acetate, induce gut hormones and reduce food intake. As FFAR3 is the common receptor activated by butyrate and propionate, we examined these effects in FFAR3-deficient mice. The effects of butyrate and propionate on body weight and food intake are independent of FFAR3. In addition, FFAR3 plays a minor role in butyrate stimulation of Glucagon-like peptide-1, and is not required for butyrate- and propionate-dependent induction of Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. Finally, FFAR3-deficient mice show normal body weight and glucose homeostasis. Stimulation of gut hormones and food intake inhibition by butyrate and propionate may represent a novel mechanism by which gut microbiota regulates host metabolism. These effects are largely intact in FFAR3-deficient mice, indicating additional mediators are required for these beneficial effects.     

基于生物芯片探讨高脂饮食对动脉粥样硬化小鼠基因组DNA甲基化的影响

目的:采用DNA甲基化芯片技术探讨高脂饮食对Apo E-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化模型全基因组DNA甲基化的影响。方法:30只雄性Apo E-/-小鼠随机分为正常组与高脂组,每组15只,正常组给予正常饲料喂养,高脂组给予高脂饲料喂养。16周后,测其血脂、血清同型半胱氨酸水平(Hcy)水平、血清DNA甲基化与血清DNA甲基化转移酶(DNMTs)水平;采用DNA甲基化芯片检测两组小鼠主动脉组织全基因组甲基化情况。结果:与正常组相比,高脂组小鼠血清CHOL、TG、LDL-C均显著升高,HDL-C显著下降;血清DNA甲基化水平与血清DNA甲基化转移酶(DNMTs)水平均显著升高。甲基化芯片结果显示:与正常组相比,高脂组主动脉全基因组中共有875个基因甲基化发生改变,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中高甲基化基因数目496,占总数56.69%;低甲基化基因数目379,占总数的43.31%。结论:高脂饲料可升高主动脉基因组甲基化水平,降低基因组的表达,可能是Apo E-/-小鼠容易形成动脉粥样硬化的机制之一。     

Absorption and metabolism of butyric acid in rabbit hind gut

Butyrate absorption in the large intestine of the rabbit was evaluated by the variation of concentrations in the bowel, the arterio-venous plasma and the intestinal loops. The metabolic transformations were studied with (3-4 C14) butyrate. The caeco-colonic epithelium oxidized negligible quantities of butyrate to ketone bodies and other metabolic pathways were found. These pathways were of different intensity according to the region of the gut and both phases of the excretory cycle. A portion, which may be large, was metabolized in the caeco-colonic wall and in the liver where radioactivity was found in free amino acids, carboxylic acids and sugars. The oxidation to CO2 in TCA cycle yields energy for metabolic activities. This study of metabolism takes account of the endoflora participation.     

Holistic view of heat acclimation alleviated intestinal lesion in mice with heat stroke based on microbiome-metabolomics analysis

The severity of heat stroke (HS) is associated with intestinal injury, which is generally considered an essential issue for HS. Heat acclimation (HA) is considered the best strategy to protect against HS. In addition, HA has a protective effect on intestinal injuries caused by HS. Considering the essential role of gut microbes in intestinal structure and function, we decided to investigate the potential protective mechanism of HA in reducing intestinal injury caused by HS. HA model was established by male C57BL/6J mice (5–6 weeks old, 17–19 g) were exposed at (34 ± 0.7)°C for 4 weeks to establish an animal HA model. The protective effect of HA on intestinal barrier injury in HS was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics. According to the experimental results, HA can change the composition of the gut microbiota, which increases the proportion of lactobacilli, faecal bacteria, and urinobacteria but decreases the proportion of deoxycholic acid. Moreover, HA can reduce liver and kidney injury and systemic inflammation caused by HS and reduce intestinal injury by enhancing the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In addition, HA regulates inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signalling and increasing tight junction protein expression in HS mice. HA induces changes in the gut microbiota, which may enhance tight junction protein expression, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation, promoting bile acid metabolism, and ultimately maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In conclusion, HA induced changes in the gut microbiota. Among the gut microbiota, lactobacilli may play a key role in the potential protective mechanism of HA.     

Astragaloside IV alleviates mouse slow transit constipation by modulating gut microbiota profile and promoting butyric acid generation

Gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are associated with the development of various human diseases. In this study, we examined the role of astragaloside IV in modulating mouse gut microbiota structure and the generation of SCFAs, as well as in slow transit constipation (STC). An STC model was established by treating mice with loperamide, in which the therapeutic effects of astragaloside IV were evaluated. The microbiota community structure and SCFA content were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, respectively. The influence of butyrate on STC was assessed using a mouse model and Cajal cells (ICC). Astragaloside IV promoted defecation, improved intestinal mobility, suppressed ICC loss and alleviated colonic lesions in STC mice. Alterations in gut microbiota community structure in STC mice, such as decreased Lactobacillus reuteri diversity, were improved following astragaloside IV treatment. Moreover, astragaloside IV up‐regulated butyric acid and valeric acid, but decreased isovaleric acid, in STC mouse stools. Butyrate promoted defecation, improved intestinal mobility, and enhanced ICC proliferation by regulating the AKT–NF‐κB signalling pathway. Astragaloside IV promoted intestinal transit in STC mice and inhibited ICC loss by regulating the gut microbiota community structure and generating butyric acid.     

Gut microflora is a key player in host energy homeostasis

Gut microflora is now considered as a key organ involved in host energy homeostasis. Recent data suggest that the alterations of the gut bacteria ecosystem could contribute to the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. First, gut microflora may increase energy efficiency of non digested food via the fermentation, thus providing more energy to the host. Secondly, fatty acids flux and storage in the adipose tissue is under the control of the fasting-induced adipocyte factor FIAF, which expression depends on gut microflora. Third, high-fat diet feeding changes gut bacteria profile, leading to a drop in bifidobacteria content, which correlates with a higher LPS plasma levels, thereby participating to the onset of inflammation, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. Changing gut microflora composition could be a useful tool to prevent or to treat high-fat/low fibres diet-induced metabolic syndrome. double dagger.     

实验性动脉粥样斑块内泡沫细胞凋亡及葛根总黄酮的干预作用

目的:观察ApoE基因敲除(ApoE gene knock out,ApoE-/-)小鼠主动脉窦动脉粥样硬化斑块超微结构改变,泡沫细胞凋亡,探讨葛根总黄酮(Total Flavone of Radix Puerariae,TFRP)的干预作用。方法:将16只Apo E-/-小鼠随机分为模型组及TFRP干预组(85 mg/kg.d),每组8只,2只C57BL/6J小鼠作为空白对照,12周后处死,用酶法检测二组血清脂质含量,采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜观察As斑块形态及泡沫细胞凋亡。结果:(1)两组血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平未见显著性差异;(2)光镜观察:模型组可见成熟的As斑块形成,部分斑块脂质核心较大,偏心性,纤维帽较薄,纤维帽内有较多炎症细胞浸润,平滑肌细胞成分少,肩部较薄弱,呈不稳定斑块形成趋势,在斑块脂质核心内可见到较多凋亡细胞;而TFRP干预组未见不稳定斑块,斑块脂质核心小,平滑肌细胞数目较多,纤维帽较厚,斑块内凋亡细胞数明显少于模型组(p<0.05)。(3)电镜观察:模型组斑块内以平滑肌源性泡沫细胞多见,可见中晚期凋亡细胞,细胞外基质成分较少;与模型组相比,TFRP干预组以巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞多见,可见少数早期凋亡细胞,细胞外胶原纤维明显增多。结论:模型组病变处于中晚期As病变,符合泡沫细胞凋亡特征;TFRP干预抑制了ApoE基因敲除小鼠主动脉窦As斑块内泡沫细胞凋亡。