阔叶红松林不同演替阶段灌木器官的N、P分配特征

氮（N）、磷（P）是植物生长发育重要的限制元素,N、P以及N、P间的关系是化学计量学研究的重要内容。植物不同器官对N、P的需求存在差异,因此N、P的分配与权衡对植物的生长发育起到重要的调节作用。为了探究阔叶红松（Pinus koraiensis）林不同演替阶段主要灌木器官的N、P化学计量特征及其分配格局,了解灌木的养分限制因子及其分配策略,在黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区的阔叶红松林四个演替阶段——白桦（Betula platyphylla）次生林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林和阔叶红松林内,选取主要灌木种,分析了叶片、枝条、茎干和根的N、P化学计量特征以及异速生长关系。结果发现：灌木不同器官之间的N、P含量差异显著,其中叶的N、P含量均为最高,茎干的N、P含量均为最低。所有器官中,叶的N ： P最高,为7.59;根的N ： P最低,为5.47。灌木叶、茎干、根之间的N ： P存在显著差异,而茎干、根与枝条之间的N ： P没有显著差异。阔叶红松林不同演替阶段对灌木同一器官N、P化学计量的影响不同,灌木叶片的N含量在不同演替中具有显著差异,其他器官的差异不显著;不同演替阶段灌木器官的P含量均无显著差异。在不同演替阶段中各器官的N ： P均小于14,说明N元素是阔叶红松林各演替阶段灌木生长的限制因子,而P对灌木的生长没有起到限制作用。研究表明在不同演替阶段中,N、P的异速生长关系普遍存在于灌木器官中,呈现显著的正相关关系;整体上各器官之间的斜率没有显著差异,说明灌木采取保守分配策略,以此来适应环境和满足自身生长发育的需要。     

黄土高原优势灌丛营养器官化学计量特征的环境分异和机制

为了探究黄土高原灌丛群落中优势物种的根、茎和叶等营养器官之间碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)及其比值等化学计量特征的环境分异性及其与土壤养分的耦合性, 在甘肃省和宁夏回族自治区境内的3个灌丛集中分布区(甘肃南部、宁夏北部和甘肃西部)沿水热梯度选取41个样点进行样地调查。结果显示: 1)甘肃、宁夏灌丛群落的有机物质含量及P资源相对匮乏, 而N资源相对丰富。2)从甘肃南部、宁夏北部到甘肃西部, 生长季温度递增、年降水量递减, 与此耦合, 土壤养分也逐级递减, 沿着土壤养分梯度, 黄土高原优势灌丛根、茎和叶的C、N、P储量减少, 根和茎的C:N下降, 根、茎和叶的N:P上升, 但在宁夏北部和甘肃西部间差异不显著。同时, 3个优势灌丛分布区的优势灌丛各器官间营养元素的分配格局不同。3)土壤养分相对较高的区域优势灌丛间各器官营养元素储量无差异, 而土壤养分较低区域亲缘关系较远的优势灌丛间各器官的营养元素储量差异显著, 而亲缘关系较近的优势灌丛各器官营养元素储量差异不显著。黄土高原优势灌丛各器官C、N、P化学计量特征是植物体与土壤中化学元素耦合的结果, 当土壤养分逐渐升高时, 植物体内的化学元素储量也逐渐增多。该研究不仅有助于认识黄土高原优势灌丛化学计量环境分异规律, 而且有助于洞察不同土壤条件下C、N、P在优势灌丛营养器官间的分配格局和植物资源分配策略, 并为黄土高原植被的管理和恢复提供一定的理论基础。     

Effects of light intensity variation on nitrogen and phosphorus contents,allocation and limitation in five shade-enduring plants北大核心CSCD

Aims: To enhance the understanding on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) physiological responses to different light environments in shade-enduring plants and provide references to improve the stand structure and ecosystem functions of plantation forests. Methods: We selected seedlings of five shade-enduring species with high ecological and economic value in subtropical area of China to study the effects of light intensity on leaf N and P contents, allocation and nutrient limitation in shade-enduring plants. A light intensity gradient of five different levels was set to simulate the varying understory light environment. Important findings: With decreasing light intensity, the total biomass and total N and P accumulation of five shade-enduring plants all showed a decreasing trend, but N, P contents in different organs increased. Among them, Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) had the highest while Illicium henryi (IH) had the lowest N content; The P contents of Quercus phillyraeoides (QP) and GJ were significantly higher than Elaeocarpus sylvestris (ES), Ardisia crenata (AC) and IH. QP and GJ had the highest N, P contents under extremely low light intensity (6% natural light intensity) condition (LIC), while AC and IH had the highest N and P contents in low (15% natural light intensity) and moderate (33% and 52% natural light intensity) LIC. ES demanded differently for LIC on N and P, which were 52% and 6% natural light intensity, respectively. N and P allocation of ES, AC and IH followed leaf < root < stem, but for QP and GJ were root < leaf < stem. Decreasing LIC significantly affected N and P allocation. N content variations shown good consistency among different organs under higher LIC (100% natural light intensity) while distinct variability under lower LIC (15% and 6% natural light intensity) in all five species. Phosphorus contents exhibited good consistency in IH, QP and GJ but varied in ES and AC. Decreasing LIC significantly affected organ N/P ratios of shade-enduring plants, but the fundamental growth restriction patterns remained. Light intensity variation and tree species co-regulated N, P utilization and allocation in shade-enduring plants, and then affected the total biomass and total N, P accumulation, which might result from the change of N and P utilization strategy. Therefore, light intensity preference and N, P nutrient balances in shade-enduring plants should be taken into account when constructing multiple layer and uneven-aged forests.     

Effects of light intensity variation on nitrogen and phosphorus contents,allocation and limitation in five shade-enduring plants

Aims To enhance the understanding on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) physiological responses to different light environments in shade-enduring plants and provide references to improve the stand structure and ecosystem functions of plantation forests.Methods We selected seedlings of five shade-enduring species with high ecological and economic value in subtropical area of China to study the effects of light intensity on leaf N and P contents, allocation and nutrient limitation in shade-enduring plants. A light intensity gradient of five different levels was set to simulate the varying understory light environment.Important findings With decreasing light intensity, the total biomass and total N and P accumulation of five shade-enduring plants all showed a decreasing trend, but N, P contents in different organs increased. Among them, Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) had the highest while Illicium henryi (IH) had the lowest N content; The P contents of Quercus phillyraeoides (QP) and GJ were significantly higher than Elaeocarpus sylvestris (ES), Ardisia crenata (AC) and IH. QP and GJ had the highest N, P contents under extremely low light intensity (6% natural light intensity) condition (LIC), while AC and IH had the highest N and P contents in low (15% natural light intensity) and moderate (33% and 52% natural light intensity) LIC. ES demanded differently for LIC on N and P, which were 52% and 6% natural light intensity, respectively. N and P allocation of ES, AC and IH followed leaf > root > stem, but for QP and GJ were root > leaf > stem. Decreasing LIC significantly affected N and P allocation. N content variations shown good consistency among different organs under higher LIC (100% natural light intensity) while distinct variability under lower LIC (15% and 6% natural light intensity) in all five species. Phosphorus contents exhibited good consistency in IH, QP and GJ but varied in ES and AC. Decreasing LIC significantly affected organ N/P ratios of shade-enduring plants, but the fundamental growth restriction patterns remained. Light intensity variation and tree species co-regulated N, P utilization and allocation in shade-enduring plants, and then affected the total biomass and total N, P accumulation, which might result from the change of N and P utilization strategy. Therefore, light intensity preference and N, P nutrient balances in shade-enduring plants should be taken into account when constructing multiple layer and uneven-aged forests.     

Environmental heterogeneity and mechanism of stoichiometry properties of vegetative organs in dominant shrub communities across the Loess Plateau

 为了探究黄土高原灌丛群落中优势物种的根、茎和叶等营养器官之间碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)及其比值等化学计量特征的环境分异性及其与土壤养分的耦合性, 在甘肃省和宁夏回族自治区境内的3个灌丛集中分布区(甘肃南部、宁夏北部和甘肃西部)沿水热梯度选取41个样点进行样地调查。结果显示: 1)甘肃、宁夏灌丛群落的有机物质含量及P资源相对匮乏, 而N资源相对丰富。2)从甘肃南部、宁夏北部到甘肃西部, 生长季温度递增、年降水量递减, 与此耦合, 土壤养分也逐级递减, 沿着土壤养分梯度, 黄土高原优势灌丛根、茎和叶的C、N、P储量减少, 根和茎的C:N下降, 根、茎和叶的N:P上升, 但在宁夏北部和甘肃西部间差异不显著。同时, 3个优势灌丛分布区的优势灌丛各器官间营养元素的分配格局不同。3)土壤养分相对较高的区域优势灌丛间各器官营养元素储量无差异, 而土壤养分较低区域亲缘关系较远的优势灌丛间各器官的营养元素储量差异显著, 而亲缘关系较近的优势灌丛各器官营养元素储量差异不显著。黄土高原优势灌丛各器官C、N、P化学计量特征是植物体与土壤中化学元素耦合的结果, 当土壤养分逐渐升高时, 植物体内的化学元素储量也逐渐增多。该研究不仅有助于认识黄土高原优势灌丛化学计量环境分异规律, 而且有助于洞察不同土壤条件下C、N、P在优势灌丛营养器官间的分配格局和植物资源分配策略, 并为黄土高原植被的管理和恢复提供一定的理论基础。     

青藏高原筑路取土迹地恢复植物群落与土壤的碳氮磷化学计量特征

恢复筑路取土迹地植物群落是青藏高原退化高寒草地恢复的重要组分,而生态化学计量是揭示退化草地自然恢复过程中土壤和植物间养分互作的重要方法。通过调查青藏公路筑路取土迹地自然恢复群落和天然群落内植物和土壤C、N、P的含量及其比值,研究了恢复群落和天然群落的C、N、P生态化学计量特征。结果表明:经历18a自然恢复后,不同地点筑路取土迹地均已逐步实现植物群落的定居,但其恢复程度存在明显差异。恢复群落植物叶片N含量高于天然群落,导致其叶片C∶N较低,表明恢复群落植物的N利用效率较低,N含量较高的模式主要原因可能是豆科植物比例较高和土壤有效N的供应较充足所致。恢复样地在0—10 cm和10—20 cm的土层内的有机碳(SOC)都显著低于天然样地,恢复样地土壤全氮(STN)仍一定程度上低于天然样地但含量较接近,恢复样地在10—20 cm土层中土壤全磷(STP)含量较高,这说明恢复群落尽管在土壤恢复方面并未达到天然群落的水平,但已得到了明显改善,土壤肥力正发生着正向的演替。叶片N含量与土壤STN相关性不显著,叶片P含量与土壤STP含量显著地正相关,表明植物叶片P含量在一定程度上受到土壤环境中全磷的影响。综合N∶P判定阈值和叶片土壤养分相关分析结果表明研究地区草地植被主要受到P元素的限制,且工程迹地草地恢复群落比天然群落容易受到P元素的限制。     

太白山独叶草无性系分株营养元素含量对异质环境的响应

以分布在太白山国家森林公园3个海拔高度的游击型克隆植物独叶草为研究对象,分析测定了不同分株营养器官中C、N、P、K和Mg含量.结果表明：分株年龄、海拔梯度以及分株年龄与海拔梯度的交互作用对独叶草分株各营养器官全碳含量的影响不显著(P>0.05),对全氮、全磷、K和Mg含量的影响程度各不相同,说明独叶草无性系分株通过自身的生理代谢调整了各器官中营养元素的分配.在高海拔生境中,分株年龄显著影响独叶草无性系分株各器官的K含量、根状茎和根中的全氮含量(P<0.05).除了中海拔(2 800～2 900 m) 独叶草无性系分株的K与全氮、全磷和Mg含量相关性不明显外,其他海拔各元素两两间均呈显著相关(P<0.05).这表明高海拔生境中生理可塑性对克隆植物生长的贡献可能比低海拔更大,强的生理可塑性有助于克隆植物在高山环境中有效地利用资源,实现种群扩展、开拓新的生境.这也可能是独叶草在长期演化过程中对异质生境的一种生理响应.     

呼伦贝尔盐生藜科植物不同器官C、N、P生态化学计量特征及其与土壤因子的关系

盐碱土区植物可利用营养匮乏是植物生物量限制的主要因素之一,藜科（Chenopodiaceae）植物是盐碱环境中的最大类群,其整体营养策略对盐碱地育种和农业开发具有重要意义。本研究以呼伦贝尔4种典型盐碱地藜科植物碱蓬（Suaeda glauca）、尖头叶藜（Chenopodium acuminatum）、刺沙蓬（Salsola tragus）、雾冰藜（Bassia dasyphylla）为研究对象,通过分析不同器官C、N、P生态化学计量特征,试图揭示藜科植物C、N、P计量特征共性及其与土壤因子之间的耦合关系。结果显示：①藜科植物茎、叶N/P>16,根N/P<14;各器官C、N含量显著相关,且根C含量>茎C含量>叶C含量,N含量表现为叶N含量>茎N含量>根N含量,表明N元素从根、茎到叶之间具有良好的转移效率。②相对于C元素和N元素,各器官内P元素含量具有最大变异系数,叶P、茎P含量与叶N、根N含量显著正相关,根P含量与叶N、根N含量显著负相关,表明N、P元素在叶和根中具有较强的协调关系。③RDA排序表明土壤P是影响植物叶片化学计量的主要因素,土壤K是茎化学计量变异的主要因素,土壤N是根化学计量变异的主要因素。本研究发现藜科植物通过叶N、叶P积累和N、P协调降低土壤N、P限制的影响,对于盐碱土营养管理具有重要意义。     

滇池流域富磷区不同土壤磷水平下植物叶片的养分化学计量特征

滇池流域是我国典型的富磷区, 分析该区域内不同土壤磷含量下主要植物的化学计量特征, 有助于理解该区域的生态环境特点和生态恢复的特殊性。该研究测定了滇池流域滇中地区75种常见植物叶片的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)及钾(K)含量, 综合分析了该区域不同土壤磷水平(富磷和正常)下不同生活型植物叶片的C、N、P和K的计量特征。结果表明, 研究区域植物叶片C、N和K含量的算术平均数分别是441.42、16.17和13.57 mg·g^-1, P含量的几何平均数为1.92 mg·g^-1, 植物叶片的N、P和K含量之间呈显著的正相关; 富磷区域植物叶片的P和K含量显著高于正常区域, N/P、K/P显著低于正常区域。无论是富磷还是正常区域, 草本植物的N、P和K含量均高于木本植物, 乔木与灌木差异不明显。植物叶片的P含量及N/P与土壤磷水平呈显著相关; 叶片N/P分析结果表明, N是影响滇池流域植物生长和群落恢复的主要限制元素。研究指出, 在滇池流域增加陆地植物群落及生态系统的氮素来源是进行生态修复和面源污染防治的重要切入点。     

Stoichiometry of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus of grasslands of the Inner Mongolian and Qinghai-Tibet Plateaus in relation to climatic variables and vegetation organization levels

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are most commonly the limiting essential elements that affect the functioning of plants and ecosystems. However, their stoichiometry in relation to climatic variables and vegetation organization levels has not been comprehensively characterized. N and P concentrations were measured for 329 leaf samples collected at 132 sites along the 5000 km long China Grassland Transect that traverses the Inner Mongolian and Qinghai-Tibet Plateaus. The patterns of these measurements were analyzed with reference to climate factors, plant species, plant functional groups, grassland communities and grassland ecosystems. The aim was to explore whether geographical patterns of plant leaf elements are related to zonal climatic variables, and at which vegetation organization levels changes of plant leaf N and P stoichiometric characteristics and pattern occur. Results showed that interspecific differences of N and P concentrations were most significant for the three vegetation organization levels of species, community and ecosystem. Plant leaf N and P concentrations were higher, coefficients of variation of N and P lower, and N/P, C/N and C/P ratios were also lower for leaf samples from the cold high altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau than for those from the relatively lower altitude and warmer Inner Mongolian Plateau. Correlation of N and P for Inner Mongolian grassland was higher than that for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study indicates plant species are the most basic unit influencing plant stoichiometric geographic patterns, and that climatic variables affect leaf element concentrations mainly through their effect on changes of plant species composition of vegetation.     

Allometric Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agriophyllum squarrosum</Emphasis> in Response to Soil Nutrients,Water, and Population Density in the Horqin Sandy Land of China

We monitored the allometric effects for greenhouse-grown Agriophyllum squarrosum plants in response to variations in population density and the availability of soil nutrients and water. Biomass allocations were size-dependent. The plasticity of roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive effort was “true” in response to changes in nutrient content. At a low level of soil minerals, plants allocated more resources to the development of roots and reproductive organs than to leaves, but data for stem allocations were consistent for tradeoffs between the effects of nutrients and plant size. The plasticities of leaf allocation and reproductive effort were “true” whereas those of root and stem allocations were “apparent” in response to fluctuations in soil water, being a function of plant size. Decreasing soil water content was associated with higher leaf allocation and lower reproductive effort. Except for this “apparent” plasticity of leaf allocation, none was detected with population density on biomass allocation. Architectural traits were determinants of the latter. For roots, the determining trait was the ratio of plant height to total biomass; for stems and reproduction, plant height; and for leaves, the ratio of branch numbers to plant height.     

红椎和西南桦营养元素的含量与储量特征

营养元素在植物不同器官及不同营养元素在同一器官中的含量与储量特征,不仅反映植物自身的生物学特性,而且还反映了植物在一定的生境下从土壤中吸收和蓄积矿质养分的能力。为了阐明我国南亚热带不同珍优乡土阔叶造林树种营养元素含量与储量特征,该文通过植物样品采集、实验室测试及统计分析的方法,对位于广西凭祥的中国林业科学研究热带林业实验中心的红椎和西南桦的5种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca和Mg)含量与储量特征进行了研究。结果表明:红椎与西南桦不同器官中营养元素总含量排序均为树叶细根树枝中根粗根干皮根蔸干材,林木各器官营养元素含量均以N和K最高,Ca和Mg其次,P最低;2树种叶片的N、P含量均显著(P0.05)高于其他器官,且叶片N∶P表征2树种均是P制约型植物。除根蔸之外,2树种各器官中营养元素总储量的分配为干材树枝干皮树叶粗根细根中根。红椎的营养元素利用效率略高于西南桦。该研究揭示了红椎和西南桦的营养需求,为调节和改善林木生长环境,以及科学制定林地养分管理策略提供了理论依据。     

喀斯特区不同退化程度植被群落植物-凋落物-土壤-微生物生态化学计量特征

为摸清喀斯特植被退化对群落各组分C、N、P生态化学计量特征及内稳态特征的影响，为喀斯特退化生态系统植被恢复与重建提供科学依据，以桂西北喀斯特地区5种退化程度植被群落为研究对象，测定了不同退化程度植被群落植物叶片、凋落物、土壤和微生物生物量的C、N、P含量，分析其化学计量比特征、相互关系及植物内稳性特征。结果表明：(1)随着退化程度加剧，叶片C、N、P含量、N∶P和凋落物N∶P、微生物量C显著下降，而叶片C∶N、C∶P则显著增加，且植物叶片N∶P<14;随退化程度加剧，凋落物N、P含量、土壤C、N、P含量、微生物量N、P呈先略有增后显著降低的趋势，且不同退化程度群落土壤N∶P和微生物量C∶N无显著差异。(2)叶片N、P含量与土壤N、P含量，叶片C∶P与土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P,叶片N∶P与凋落物N、N∶P,叶片C、N、P含量与微生物量C呈显著或极显著正相关关系；叶片C∶N与土壤C、N,叶片C∶P与土壤N、P,叶片N∶P与土壤P呈显著或极显著负相关关系。(3)喀斯特地区植物叶片N、P元素的内稳性指数(H)平均值分别为2.74和2.31,属于弱稳态型，叶片N∶P的H值为5.14,为稳...     

红豆杉幼树异龄叶的功能性状

植物叶片功能性状随叶龄的变化体现了植物的生活史策略,反映着植物对有限资源的权衡与配置特征.本研究以红豆杉幼树异龄叶为对象,测定了3个年龄段叶片的14个功能性状,分析红豆杉叶片老化过程中生态策略的调整方式.结果 表明:1年生叶的比叶面积显著大于2、3年生叶,3年生叶的叶厚、叶面积、叶体积、叶鲜重和叶干重显著大于1、2年生...     

Internal and external regulation of plant organ stoichiometry

Internal differences between plant organs are caused by the functional differentiation of plant tissue, whereas external supply rates of elements constrain nutrient uptake. Previous studies have concentrated on foliar or whole‐plant stoichiometric response to the environment, whereas investigation of organ‐specific comparisons is still pending. We explore C:N:P ratios of stems, leaves, diaspores and belowground organs in marsh plants, and evaluate the influence of environmental constraints using standardised major axis regression (SMA). For a pooled dataset, SMA resulted in distinct patterns of isometric and anisometric slopes between plant organs. Bivariate line‐fitting for a split dataset of four ecological groups revealed that species of the frequently inundated marsh had higher N:C ratios than those of the infrequently inundated marsh. The influence of nutrient availability was detectable in decreased P:C and increased N:P ratios in P‐poor sites. Across ecological groups, leaves and diaspores showed higher elemental homeostasis than stems and belowground organs. Any change in N:C ratios of belowground organs and diaspores in response to the environment was accompanied by an even stronger internal change in stem N:C ratios, indicating a pivotal role of stems of herbaceous plants in ecosystem processes. We found distinct patterns of C:N:P ratios in plant organs related to their internal function and external environmental constraints. Leaves and diaspores showed a higher degree of homeostasis than stems and belowground organs. We detected a clear external signal in element:element ratios of plant organs, with low soil P translating into lower tissue P:C ratio and stronger N retention in leaves as a response to salt stress.     

N、P施肥对塔里木河上游绿洲棉花C、N、P生态化学计量特征的影响

施肥通过外源物质的添加直接干预了农田生态系统中作物元素的运移循环过程。通过野外N、P施肥试验,测定棉花各生育期碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素含量及其生物量,分析棉株C、N、P元素的分配规律,探讨棉株对生长速率调控的内在机制,获得棉株体内N、P元素的内稳性指数,并判断其限制性元素类型。结果表明:棉花C、N、P元素平均含量分别为388.7、20.97、3.43 g/kg;棉花比生长速率与N∶P、C∶P间均存在负相关关系,棉花生长符合生长速率假说;N、P元素内稳性指数H分别在1.02—5.28、1.01—4.55范围内。叶片N∶P可表征植物限制性元素类型,棉花最大生长速率所对应的叶片N∶P为13,是判断限制元素的标准;综合棉花生长速率和内稳性指数研究可知研究区棉花生长受到N、P元素的共同限制,同时,在生长前期更易受P元素的限制,生长后期更易受N元素的限制。     

Allocation strategies of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus following a gradient of wildfire severities

植物碳、氮、磷在不同火烧强度下的分配策略 森林野火是影响北方针叶林演替过程中养分分配规律的重要因素。然而,植物叶片和细根之间 的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)分配策略在不同强度森林野火后的研究尚不充分。本研究旨在探讨不同野火强度下叶片和细根间C、N、P的分配策略。运用化学计量学理论和异速生长方程,选取中国东北大兴安岭地区的4个不同火烧强度(未火烧、低、中、高)恢复10年后的火烧迹地为研究样地,比较不同火烧强 度下各物种叶片和细根的C、N、P含量。研究结果表明,与未受到火烧的样地相比,轻度火烧迹地的植物叶片和细根C浓度增加,重度火烧迹地植物叶片N浓度最高,但是细根N浓度最低。N:P比值的平均值大于16的结果表示植物养分利用策略在高火烧强度下趋于P限制。更重要的是,随着火烧严重程度的增加,细根与叶片间的C、N、P分配规律出现由异速生长向等速生长的转变,即随着火烧强度的增加,元素分配表现为对叶片的分配多于细根。这些结果表明,植物叶片和细根之间的元素分配策略在受到不同强度的野火干扰以后发生了失衡。本研究加深了我们对火后森林生态系统演替过程中植物与土壤养分动态的认识。     

Biomass allocation patterns of Loropetalum chinense

Aims Biomass is the most fundamental quantitative character of an ecosystem. Biomass allocation patterns reflect the strategies of plants to adapt various habitat conditions and play a vital role in evolution, biodiversity conservation and global carbon cycle. Loropetalum chinense shrub is one of the most dominant shrub types in subtropical China. The objectives of this study were to quantify the allometric relationships and the biomass allocation pattern among organs, and to investigate the effects of body size, shrub regeneration origin and site factors on allometry and biomass allocation.
Methods Individual samples of L. chinense were harvested from shrublands in subtropical China and were further divided into leaves, stems and roots. The allometric relationships between different organs were modeled with standard major axis (SMA) regression and the biomass allocation to different organs was quantified. The effects of body size, shrub regeneration origin and other habitat factors on allometry and allocation were examined using Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions.
Important findings The isometric scaling relationships between shoot and root changed to allometric relationships with increasing basal diameter. The scaling relationships between leaf and stem and between leaf and root were isometric for smaller diameter classes, while for larger diameter classes they were allometric. These relationships were significantly different among shrub regeneration origin types. The scaling relationships between different organs were not affected by habitat factors; while the coverage of shrub layer and slope affected biomass allocation due to their influences on the allometric relationships between different organs at the initial stage of growth. The mean dry mass ratios of leaf, stem, root and the mean root to shoot ratio were 0.11, 0.55, 0.34 and 0.65, respectively. With the increase of basal diameter class, stem mass ratio (0.50-0.64) increased, while leaf mass ratio (0.12-0.08) and root mass ratio (0.38-0.28) decreased, and consequently root to shoot ratio (0.91-0.43) also decreased. In secondary shrublands, the leaf mass ratio was 0.12 and the root mass ratio was 0.33, while these values were 0.07 and 0.36 respectively in natural shrublands. The ratio of aboveground allocation was significantly correlated to shrub layer coverage (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). Leaf mass ratio was significantly correlated to slope (r = -0.36, p < 0.05) and root mass ratio was significantly correlated to mean annual temperature (r = 0.34, p < 0.05). Results showed that with the increase of body size, the scaling relationships between different organs of L. chinense changed from isometric to allometric, and more biomass was allocated to aboveground part, and concretely, to stems. Human disturbance affected biomass allocation by its influences on the allometric relationships between different organs, and by increasing biomass allocation to leaves and decreasing allocation to roots. Reduced light resource promoted the biomass allocation to aboveground part, and higher slope resulted in decreased biomass allocation to leaves, while higher mean annual temperature promoted biomass allocation to roots. The variation in annual precipitation had no significant influences on biomass allocation. The biomass allocation strategies of L. chinense partially support the optimal partitioning theory.     

三江平原不同群落小叶章种群生物量及氮、磷营养结构动态

对三江平原典型草甸和沼泽化草甸两个群落的优势植物小叶章的生物量、结构动态、不同生长阶段各器官的氮、磷含量和储量动态以及氮、磷养分限制状况进行了研究.结果表明,二者各器官生物量差异显著,但均符合模式Y=A+B_1t+B_2t2+B_3t3;二者地上各器官生物量均为单峰型,且峰值出现的时间相差15 d左右;F/C 均小于1且前者明显大于后者;二者地上各器官的全氮和全磷含量在生长季均单调下降,且叶＞叶鞘＞茎,根中全氮变化基本一致,但全磷变化差别很大;二者各器官“三氮”含量特别是NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量变化较大,且NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N＞1;根是二者氮、磷的重要储库,而茎、叶和叶鞘的氮、磷储量波动较大;两种小叶章的氮/磷＜14,表明氮是影响二者生长的限制性养分,但其对于前者的限制性程度要高于后者.     

Contrasting species responses to continued nitrogen and phosphorus addition in tropical montane forest tree seedlings

Global changes in nutrient deposition rates are likely to have profound effects on plant communities, particularly in the nutrient‐limited systems of the tropics. We studied the effects of increased nutrient availability on the seedlings of six tree species in montane forests of southern Ecuador in situ. After five years of continued N, P, or N+P addition, naturally grown seedlings of each of the two most common species at each elevation (1000, 2000, and 3000 m asl) were harvested for analyses of leaf morphology, nutrient content, herbivory, and tissue biomass allocation. Most species showed increased foliar N and P concentrations after addition of each respective element. Leaf tissue N:P ratios of >20 in the control plants of all species suggest that P is more growth‐limiting in these forests than N. Leaf morphological responses to nutrient addition were species and nutrient specific, with some species (Hedyosmum purparescens, Graffenrieda emarginata) exhibiting increased specific leaf area (SLA), and others (Graffenrieda harlingii) increased leaf area ratios (LAR). Pouteria torta (1000 m) had lower SLA and LAR after P addition. Increased herbivory was only evident in G. emarginata (after N and N+P addition). Only the species from 3000 m asl modified biomass allocation after nutrient addition. In general, N and N+P addition more strongly affected the species studied at the upper elevations, whereas P addition had a similar range of effects on the species at all elevations. We conclude that the responses of the studied tropical montane forest tree seedlings to chronic N and P addition are highly species‐specific and that successful adaptation to increased nutrient availability will depend on species‐specific morphological and physiological plasticity.