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1.
基于GIS的下辽河平原地下水生态敏感性评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
孙才志  杨磊  胡冬玲 《生态学报》2011,31(24):7428-7440
从地下水系统结构特征、区域自然条件、外界压力、资源与保护和生态环境5个方面考虑,构建了下辽河平原地下水生态敏感性评价指标体系.运用GIS空间分析技术,从水量和水质两方面对下辽河平原地下水生态敏感性进行评价.结果表明:在水量敏感性方面,主要以轻度与中度敏感区为主,占研究区总面积的65.14%;在水质敏感性方面,主要以轻度和中度敏感区为主,占研究区总面积的86.56%.综合水量和水质两方面,下辽河平原地下水生态敏感性在中度敏感以上的区域面积占研究区面积的59.62%,生态敏感性较高,容易受到破坏.从空间分布来看,不敏感和轻度敏感区分布在新民一辽中平原、东部山前冲洪积平原;中度敏感区域主要分布在中部平原及西部低山地区;高度敏感和极敏感区分布在辽阳和抚顺城区、平原周围山区.  相似文献   

2.
辽宁省生态系统敏感性评价   总被引:17,自引:4,他引:13  
根据辽宁主要生态环境问题的形成机制,分析了生态系统敏感性的区域分异规律,并对多种生态环境问题的敏感性进行了综合分析。结果表明,全省处于轻度至高度敏感区域,高度敏感区、中度敏感区、轻度敏感区分别占全省陆域面积的34.00%、62.66%和3.34%。高度敏感区分布在辽东山地丘陵、辽东半岛、辽西低山丘陵、辽西北、柳绕地区和大洼县。辽东山地丘陵、辽东半岛和辽西低山丘陵主要是土壤侵蚀高度敏感。辽西北和柳绕地区主要是土地沙漠化高度敏感。大洼县是土壤盐渍化高度敏感。  相似文献   

3.
以海南文昌市铺前镇为小尺度研究对象,在生态环境问题实地调查基础上,运用3S技术与敏感性指数模型,从单一类型和多类型综合两方面进行了区域生态环境敏感性研究。结果表明:(1)研究区当前存在土壤侵蚀、土地沙化、土地盐渍化、气象灾害、特殊生境5大生态环境敏感性类型;(2)在单一类型生态环境敏感性中,土壤侵蚀敏感性较突出,其极度、高度和中度敏感区分别占研究区总面积的2.21%、56.54%和41.25%,其中,极度敏感区主要分布于研究区东南部;土地沙化敏感性共分不敏感、轻度和中度敏感3个级别,其中,中度敏感区占研究区总面积的25.68%,集中分布于镇域东部滨海地带;土地盐渍化敏感性共有4个敏感级,其中,中度和高度敏感区主要分布于镇域西部与北部滨海地带;气象灾害敏感性共分5个敏感级,其中,中度以上敏感区均分布于镇域西南部珠溪河入海口北岸;生境敏感性仅有不敏感和中度敏感2个级别,其中,中度敏感区主要分布于镇域西部红树林区;(3)多类型生态环境综合敏感性指数共分不敏感、轻度敏感与中度敏感3个级别,其中,中度敏感区主要分布于西部沿海地带;(4)中度及以上敏感性分布区意味着其生态环境存在较大的脆弱性和不稳定性,在区域经济建设和生态环境保护中应受到必要关注和重视。文章为铺前镇合理布局城镇、防治生态环境指供了有益指导。  相似文献   

4.
针对重点生态功能区的生态重要性,利用地形、地貌、气候等数据和生态环境状况,运用层次分析方法,选择荔波县为研究区,在GIS空间叠加技术的支持下对其进行生态敏感性评价。结果表明:荔波生态敏感性较高,其中不敏感区域面积最小,仅占8.76%,轻度和中度敏感地区面积总和约占区域总面积1/2,二者比例分别为25.63%、26.13%,高度敏感地区占区域总面积的21.15%;极度敏感区面积较大,占总面积的18.33%;荔波生态敏感性在很大程度上与石漠化相关。总体上,研究区内生态环境虽然良好,但在敏感性高的区域易产生生态环境问题,是生态环境恢复与保护的重点地区。  相似文献   

5.
青海省果洛藏族自治州位于黄河源头区,地处高原自然环境恶劣,生态恢复能力差,是生态环境极为脆弱的区域,评价该州生态敏感性,是生态管理与可持续发展的数据基础。以果洛州遥感影像图为数据源,结合实地调查和社会经济等数据,依据该州独特的生态环境现状,建立了符合该州特点的生态敏感性评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法,在GIS支持下,对该州进行了生态敏感性评价。结果表明:果洛藏族自治州的生态敏感性为中度敏感水平,该州西北地区敏感度最高;其中极敏感和高度敏感区占总面积的14.08%,中度敏感区域占总面积的35.14%,轻度敏感区占总面积的30.73%,不敏感区占19.94%;依据生态敏感性综合评价结果将玉树州划分为三个生态功能区,分别根据果洛州生态敏感性综合评价结果,将该州分为三个功能分区:分别为西北部生态保护区、中部草场发展区、东南部生态调节区。研究为该州的生态环境健康发展提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
云南省土地生态敏感性评价   总被引:23,自引:3,他引:20  
杨月圆  王金亮  杨丙丰   《生态学报》2008,28(5):2253-2253~2260
敏感性评价是分析区域生态环境稳定性的主要方法之一.为了促进土地生态环境建设与保护,实施宏观规划和管理,利用2003年生态环境现状调查资料和相关研究成果,在GIS空间分析技术支持下,从土壤侵蚀、石漠化、生物多样性、地质灾害、水环境5个方面,对云南省土地生态敏感性开展了单要素评价和综合评价.研究结果表明:云南省土地生态环境中度敏感地区和高度敏感地区面积较大,分别占总土地面积的36.67%和46.93%,不敏感地区占10.15%,极敏感地区占的份额最小,只占6.25%.从区域分布来看,中度敏感类型区在全省各个地区均有分布,高度敏感的地区主要分布在滇东北、滇西北以及滇西的部分地区.  相似文献   

7.
藏北地区生态与环境敏感性评价   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
藏北地区自然条件极为严酷,生态与环境非常脆弱和敏感。采用地理信息系统手段与综合评价方法,对藏北地区主要生态与环境敏感性问题进行评估,分析了土壤侵蚀、沙漠化和草地退化等方面的敏感性空间分异规律,指出了今后生态与环境建设的优先区域。结果表明:藏北地区土壤侵蚀敏感区占土地总面积的42.5%,主要分布于东中部区域;藏北地区沙漠化敏感区面积较大(占土地总面积的78.8%),主要分布在人类活动强度相对较低的西北部;藏北中东部和北部地区草地退化较为严重,尤其是藏北地区冰川与雪山及其周围等气候变化较为敏感区域和交通要道沿线等人类活动较为频繁区域的草地退化相对严重,对草地退化也比较敏感,是今后草地退化治理和恢复的优先区。  相似文献   

8.
西藏色林错及周边区域是高原高寒草原生态系统中珍稀濒危生物物种最多的地区,也是高品质自然景观和文化遗产集中分布区,建立色林错-普若岗日国家公园(以下简称"色-普国家公园")首要考虑当地脆弱的生态环境问题。本研究遵循"因素识别-指标构建-单因子评估-综合评估"的基本思路,识别色-普国家公园潜在建设区的生态环境脆弱性因素,开展冻融侵蚀、水土流失、土地沙化、土壤风蚀、生境环境敏感性单因子评估,结合海拔、坡度、重要生态系统等限定因子,实现对国家公园潜在建设区生态环境脆弱性综合评估,以期为未来国家公园空间范围的确定、功能分区以及适度开展生态旅游等空间布局提供基础支撑。研究表明:(1)潜在建设区存在较严重的冻融侵蚀、水土流失、草地退化、生物多样性减少等生态环境问题。(2)单因子评估显示,潜在建设区主要属于生态环境的中度和高度敏感区、水土流失的中度敏感区、冻融侵蚀的轻度和中度敏感区,土壤风蚀的不敏感和轻度敏感区、土壤沙化的不敏感区。(3)综合评估显示,潜在建设区生态环境脆弱性高,高度脆弱区面积比例达57.60%,主要分布在色林错的西部和北部;低度脆弱区仅占7.38%,主要分布在色林错东部;尼玛县低度脆弱区分布面积最小,安多县分布最多;双湖县高度脆弱区面积分布最广。(4)建议未来国家公园建设把以生态旅游为主的人类活动范围集中在低度脆弱区,并重点加强对高度脆弱区的生态系统完整性与原真性保护。  相似文献   

9.
西南喀斯特区域水土流失敏感性评价及其空间分异特征   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
凡非得  王克林  熊鹰  宣勇  张伟  岳跃民 《生态学报》2011,31(21):6353-6362
西南喀斯特地区碳酸盐岩酸不溶物含量很低,成土速率慢、土壤允许流失量小,加上地形起伏大、植被破坏严重,导致该地区水土流失敏感性及其空间分异的独特特征。选取降雨侵蚀力、地形起伏度、土壤类型、植被类型及土壤允许流失量等5个指标,应用GIS技术对西南喀斯特区水土流失敏感性进行单因子和多因子综合分析评价,结果表明西南喀斯特区水土流失敏感性普遍很高,中度敏感以上区域占西南喀斯特区总面积的82.8%,不敏感区域所占面积比例为6.4%;水土流失中度敏感以上区域主要分布于贵州全境、广西峰丛洼地区、云南东南部、重庆东北部、东南部、湖北西南部及湖南西北部等区域;随着岩石中酸不溶物含量的增加,水土流失极敏感和高度敏感区面积比例减少,中度敏感区比例增加。研究结果有助于指导西南喀斯特地区水土流失防治及退化喀斯特生态系统的恢复与重建。  相似文献   

10.
生态敏感性是指生态系统有外界干扰的情况下, 其适应能力及遭到破坏后生态系统恢复能力强弱。生态敏感性评价能为分析和预测区域的生态环境问题提供科学依据。论文以吕梁山区13个国家级贫困县为研究区域, 针对吕梁山区的生态环境特点, 在GIS和RS技术支持下, 选取高程、坡度、植被覆盖指数(NDVI)、土地利用、土壤质地及降水侵蚀力6个因子进行生态环境敏感性评价。结果表明: 吕梁山区极高敏感区占研究区面积0.44%, 高度敏感区占46.74%, 中度敏感区占39.60%, 低度敏感区占12.11%, 不敏感区占1.11%, 生态环境敏感程度总体偏高, 其中岢岚县、隰县、静乐县生态环境敏感程度最高, 永和县、临县、汾西县相对较低。研究结果可为政府部门制定区域生态安全防范策略提供一定的参考。   相似文献   

11.
Glucagon levels are often moderately elevated in diabetes. It is known that glucagon leads to a decrease in hepatic glutathione (GSH) synthesis that in turn is associated with decreased postprandial insulin sensitivity. Given that cAMP pathway controls GSH levels we tested whether insulin sensitivity decreases after intraportal (ipv) administration of a cAMP analog (DBcAMP), and investigated whether glucagon promotes insulin resistance through decreasing hepatic GSH levels.Insulin sensitivity was determined in fed male Sprague-Dawley rats using a modified euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp in the postprandial state upon ipv administration of DBcAMP as well as glucagon infusion. Glucagon effects on insulin sensitivity was assessed in the presence or absence of postprandial insulin sensitivity inhibition by administration of L-NMMA. Hepatic GSH and NO content and plasma levels of NO were measured after acute ipv glucagon infusion. Insulin sensitivity was assessed in the fed state and after ipv glucagon infusion in the presence of GSH-E. We founf that DBcAMP and glucagon produce a decrease of insulin sensitivity, in a dose-dependent manner. Glucagon-induced decrease of postprandial insulin sensitivity correlated with decreased hepatic GSH content and was restored by administration of GSH-E. Furthermore, inhibition of postprandial decrease of insulin sensitivity L-NMMA was not overcome by glucagon, but glucagon did not affect hepatic and plasma levels of NO. These results show that glucagon decreases postprandial insulin sensitivity through reducing hepatic GSH levels, an effect that is mimicked by increasing cAMP hepatic levels and requires physiological NO levels. These observations support the hypothesis that glucagon acts via adenylate cyclase to decrease hepatic GSH levels and induce insulin resistance. We suggest that the glucagon-cAMP-GSH axis is a potential therapeutic target to address insulin resistance in pathological conditions.  相似文献   

12.
Changes in sensitivity to norepinephrine (NE) of fetal and neonatal rat right atria placed in organ culture were examined. The high sensitivity to NE of the 17-day fetal atria was maintained during organ culture for 5 days. The pD2 value for NE at the 17th day of gestation was 8.66 +/- 0.09, and that after organ culture for 5 days was 8.62 +/- 0.09. The sensitivity of 1-day-old neonatal artia was significantly lower than that of fetal atria; but when they were cultured for 24 h, there was a 10-fold increase in sensitivity. The pD2 value before culture was 7.59 +/- 0.05, and that after culture was 8.54 +/- 0.04. NE added to the culture medium prevented this increase in sensitivity. Similar changes were observed in the sensitivity to isoproterenol, but not in the sensitivity to forskolin, indicating that these sensitivity changes were of a postjunctional nature and most likely due to some changes in the beta-receptor and (or) its coupling to adenylate cyclase. Therefore, the decrease in myocardial sensitivity to NE observed during the late fetal period is most likely to be caused by factor(s) related to sympathetic innervation.  相似文献   

13.
The effect of dynamic cycle ergometer exercise and isometric leg exercise on skin sensitivity was studied in man. Exercise was performed at different loads. Cutaneous sensitivity to innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli was tested using a contact thermostimulator and sensitivity to tactile stimuli was tested using electrical stimuli. During isometric exercise a segmental (the exercising limb), but not a multisegmental, phasic decrease of cutaneous thermal sensitivity to innocuous stimuli was found. At the isometric forces used the effect on tactile and heat pain sensitivity was not significant. During dynamic exercise a multisegmental, load-dependent decrease of sensitivity in all tested sensory modalities was found and this attenuation disappeared gradually after the end of exercise. In contrast to isometric exercise, the decrease of sensitivity produced by dynamic exercise was most evident in tactile sensitivity. The size of the stimulus area (7.9 vs 11.8 cm2) did not have a significant effect on the magnitude of the exercise-induced decrease of cutaneous thermal sensitivity to innocuous stimuli. It was concluded that underlying the modulation of skin sensitivity by dynamic and isometric exercise were mechanisms that were different, at least to a small extent. Isometric exercise produced a segmental modulation of skin sensitivity due to central neuronal mechanisms, independent of exercise-induced stress. Exercise-induced stress could have caused the modulation of skin sensitivity by dynamic exercise.  相似文献   

14.
15.
The relationship between parasite development and sensitivity to irradiation with X-rays was investigated during a single synchronous cycle of Plasmodium falciparum in culture. The sensitivity of the parasites to irradiation was closely correlated with the phases of DNA synthesis. Their sensitivity was greatest at the ring stage in development, but decreased at the trophozoite stage when DNA synthesis begins. Lowest sensitivity was found when DNA synthesis was most rapid as the parasites were transforming from late trophozoite to schizont forms. These findings suggest that DNA is the target of the lethal radiation damage in the parasites.  相似文献   

16.
The absolute low-light sensitivity of four congeneric species of rockfish (genus Sebastes) was studied from analysis of electroretinograms measured in living fish. The purpose was: (1) to determine if temperature sensitive noise in rod photoreceptors affects the absolute limit to low-light sensitivity at environmentally realistic temperatures and light levels, and (2) to examine whether interspecific variations in habitat utilization within rockfish communities correlate with differences in visual sensitivity. It was found that the low-light sensitivity of individual retinae is inversely dependent on temperature, decreasing tenfold with a 10°C increase in temperature. While in all four species, temperature had a similar effect on sensitivity, the absolute sensitivity levels were different. The four species could be divided into two groups based on measured sensitivity. Kelp and olive rockfish form a high-sensitivity group capable of responding to light levels approximately 50-fold lower than blue and black rockfish. The sensitivity groups correlated with reported diel activity patterns; the high-sensitivity group forages nocturnally, whereas members of the low-sensitivity group are quiescent during twilight and night and forage during the day.  相似文献   

17.
Summary We tested pollen from four tomato cultivars differing in sensitivity to aluminum in the sporophyte to determine if Al sensitivity was also expressed in pollen. Pollen sensitivity to Al was measured by the ability to germinate and grow in a control solution after a short period in a high concentration of Al. The response was ranked and compared to the Al sensitivity ranking of the four cultivars based on top growth in Al toxic soil. In addition, seedlings from the most and least sensitive cultivars, based on pollen germination, were compared for Al sensitivity in nutrient solutions. Treatment with Al significantly reduced pollen germination in the two more sensitive cultivars, but not in the two more resistant cultivars. However, the ranking was not the same as that based on the shoot growth of the sporophyte. Root growth as a criterion of sporophytic Al sensitivity produced results similar to pollen germination. The study suggests that although the correspondence is better for some phenotypic responses of the sporophyte than others, Al tolerance appears to be another character expressed in both pollen and sporophyte.  相似文献   

18.
Insulin resistance is an important risk factor for diabetes and other diseases. It has been important to estimate insulin resistance in epidemiological and genetic studies involving significant number of individuals. Complex and invasive protocols are impractical. Therefore, insulin sensitivity indices based on the oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) have been introduced. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy with which OGTT-derived indices would reflect changes in insulin sensitivity in the face of changes in other factors, such as rate of glucose absorption and/or B-cell function. A computer model was employed to predict excursions of plasma glucose and insulin after a 75-g oral glucose load. The model was then used to predict changes in these excursions, which would be observed with altered insulin resistance, with alterations in beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and/or alterations in glucose absorption rates. Published indices of insulin sensitivity could then be calculated from the predicted curves, to ask whether changes in beta-cell function or glucose absorptions rates might be misinterpreted (using the indices) as changes in insulin sensitivity. The model accurately represented OGTT data for a normal glucose tolerant subject, closely matching published data. Imposed 50% reductions or increases in insulin sensitivity alone in the model were reflected in only small changes in OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity values. More important, imposed alterations in beta-cell sensitivity and glucose absorption without simulated changes in insulin sensitivity did change insulin sensitivity indices. These results indicate that caution is required for the interpretation of differences in OGTT-derived values of insulin sensitivity, because variation in factors other than insulin sensitivity per se appear to have the greatest effects on indices calculated from the OGTT alone.  相似文献   

19.
Insulin sensitivity is maximal in the postprandial state, decreasing with a fasting period through a mechanism that is dependent on the integrity of the hepatic parasympathetic nerves/nitric oxide (NO) production and increased hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels. GSH and NO react to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) for which the in-vivo effects are still being determined. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that in-vivo administration of RSNOs, GSNO, or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) increases insulin sensitivity in fasted or fed-denervated animals, but not in fed animals, where full postprandial insulin sensitivity is achieved. Fasted, fed, or fed-denervated male Wistar rats were used as models for different insulin sensitivity conditions. The rapid insulin sensitivity test (RIST) was used to measure insulin-stimulated glucose disposal before and after drug administration (GSNO, SNAP, or 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), intravenous (i.v.) or to the portal vein (i.p.v.)). Fast insulin sensitivity was not altered by administration of SIN-1 (neither i.v. nor i.p.v.). Intravenous infusion of RSNOs in fasted and fed hepatic denervated rats increased insulin sensitivity by 126.35% ± 35.43% and 82.7% ± 12.8%, respectively. In fed animals, RSNOs decreased insulin sensitivity indicating a negative feedback mechanism. These results suggest that RSNOs incremental effect on insulin sensitivity represent a promising therapeutical tool in insulin resistance states.  相似文献   

20.
Individual differences in sensitivity to the putative human pheromone androstadienone were investigated in three experiments. In experiment 1, the absolute detection threshold for androstadienone was determined to be 211 micro M using the method of constant stimuli. Detection for the related compound estratetraenol was also investigated but a threshold could not be determined. In experiment 2, using an adaptive threshold test on 100 participants, the sensitivity distribution for androstadienone, but not for the reference odor phenylethyl alcohol, was bimodal, with a smaller group of individuals with a high sensitivity to androstadienone (supersmellers). A lack of correlation between thresholds for androstadienone and phenylethyl alcohol further suggested that the bimodality for androstadienone was not due to individuals with a high general olfactory sensitivity. In line with an earlier observation, there was a statistical tendency for women to be more sensitive to androstadienone than men. Results of experiment 3 preclude the possibility that the bimodal sensitivity distribution for androstadienone would depend on individual differences in trigeminal activation. Altogether, the current study suggests that olfactory sensitivity to androstadienone is bimodally distributed in the population with a subgroup consisting of highly sensitive people.  相似文献   

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