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1.
基于形态和分子数据确定缩颜蚜蝇族的系统分类地位   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用分子生物学方法 ,以缩颜蚜蝇族及食蚜蝇科 3类不同食性类群的代表种 (共 6属 7种 )为材料 ,对其核糖体RNA基因 (rDNA)的 5 .8S片段及转录间隔区(ITS)进行序列分析 ,并构建分子系统树 .同时 ,采用支序分析的方法 ,以缩颜蚜蝇族及我国有分布的食蚜蝇科其他族为材料 ,以成虫及幼期形态学性状为基础 ,结合染色体核型分析 ,对食蚜蝇科族级阶元的系统发育进行分析 .分子系统学及分支系统学研究结果表明 ,缩颜蚜蝇族与捕食性类群的亲缘关系较近 ,与腐食性类群的亲缘关系较远 .因而缩颜蚜蝇族应从现行分类系统中的迷蚜蝇亚科移入食蚜蝇亚科 ,其系统分类地位可有一个明确的定论 .  相似文献   

2.
中国菌蚊科属的系统发育关系分析(双翅目:眼菌蚊总科)   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用Hennig 86程序,以柄菌蚊科和喙菌蚊科代表种为外群,选取48个特征,使用mhen-nig^*和bb^*指令在586微机上运算,首次对菌蚊科中5亚科28属的28种进行支序分析,探讨各分类单元系统发育关系。结果表明:菌蚊亚科与滑菌蚊亚科的亲缘关系较近,二者互为姐妹群,粘菌蚊亚科属于原始类群;菌蚊亚科为5个亚科中的进化类群;邻菌蚊亚科可能为并系群;真菌蚊亚科是介于邻菌蚊亚科与菌蚊亚科之间的类群。  相似文献   

3.
记述采自中国四川西部蝇科Muscidae家蝇属Musca家蝇间性体M.domestica Linnaeus1例。观察标本存中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所昆虫博物馆。  相似文献   

4.
基于线粒体12S rRNA和16S rRNA基因序列联合分析,采用最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法分别构建了中国蚤蝇科14属的系统发育树.结果表明:联合分析序列总长度为819 bp,其中可变位点277个,简约信息位点200个;A+T平均含量为77.7%,具A、T偏倚性.系统发育分析显:中国蚤蝇科为单系发生,分为蚤蝇亚科和裂蚤蝇亚科两个单系群.蚤蝇亚科内脉蚤蝇属、锥蚤蝇属和刺蚤蝇属亲缘关系较近,栅蚤蝇属与栓蚤蝇属亲缘关系较近;裂蚤蝇亚科中虼蚤蝇属与裂蚤蝇属互为姐妹群,寡蚤蝇属与伐蚤蝇属互为姐妹群.  相似文献   

5.
2013年4—5月通过对朱鹮自然保护区(洋县)食蚜蝇种类进行了系统调查,并进行分类鉴定,发现该保护区食蚜蝇昆虫有2亚科,4族,8属,11种。蚜蝇亚科种类较多包括墨蚜蝇族、小蚜蝇族、蚜蝇族3个族,墨蚜蝇族、小蚜蝇族和蚜蝇族分别为1种、2种和3种;迷蚜蝇亚科种类较少只有管蚜蝇族1个族共4种。灰带管蚜蝇是朱鹮保护区内的优势种;狭带条蚜蝇、长尾管蚜蝇、大灰优蚜蝇、黑带蚜蝇、印度细腹蚜蝇是常见种。文中给出了各种类名录及分布,分析了该地区蚜蝇科昆虫的多样性。反映了该地区食蚜蝇主要以古北区和东洋区共有种为主,东洋区种类和古北区种类也占有一定比例,说明洋县食蚜蝇的区系具有明显的过渡性。  相似文献   

6.
欧亚大陆癞蝗科分类系统(直翅目:蝗亚目)   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张道川  印红  印象初 《昆虫学报》2003,46(2):218-221
对分布于欧亚大陆的癞蝗科Pamphagidae昆虫进行了亚科分类研究,将已知的47个属分为6个亚科:锯癞蝗亚科Prionotropisinae nov.,蠢蝗亚科Thrinchinae,癞蝗亚科Pamphaginae,鸣癞蝗亚科Tropidaucheninae nov.,聋癞蝗亚科Nocarodesinae nov.,秃癞蝗亚科Orchaminae nov.,其中包括4个新亚科。建立了欧亚大陆癞蝗科新的分类系统。  相似文献   

7.
印象初  王文强 《昆虫学报》2005,48(6):949-953
对分布在欧亚大陆的斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae昆虫进行了亚科分类研究, 将已知的69个属分为7个亚科: 飞蝗亚科Locustinae, 斑翅蝗亚科Oedipodinae, 异距蝗亚科Heteropterninae subfam. n., 痂蝗亚科Bryodeminae, 异痂蝗亚科Bryodemellinae, 哑斑翅蝗亚科Oedipodacrinae subfam. n.和聋斑翅蝗亚科Rashidinae subfam. n., 其中包括3个新亚科。建立了欧亚大陆斑翅蝗科新的亚科分类系统。  相似文献   

8.
有瓣蝇类分类、系统发育及演化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
闫利平  裴文娅  张东 《昆虫学报》2021,64(6):757-768
有瓣蝇类(Calyptratae)隶属于昆虫纲(Insecta)四大超适应辐射类群之一的双翅目(Diptera),占双翅目已知物种多样性的近20%。有瓣蝇类分布广泛,生物学习性极为多样,在维系生态系统稳定中发挥着重要作用,是媒介、法医、传粉和天敌昆虫学研究领域的热点类群,也是探究双翅目系统演化及其成功适应辐射的关键类群。为了还原有瓣蝇类的演化历史,许多著名昆虫学者先后对该类昆虫开展过不同层面的研究。有瓣蝇类的单系性得到了普遍支持,并被分为3个总科——虱蝇总科(Hippoboscoidea)、蝇总科(Muscoidea)和狂蝇总科(Oestroidea),其中单系的狂蝇总科与多系的蝇总科聚为一支,再与虱蝇总科成为姐妹群。在科级阶元水平,蝠蝇科(Streblidae)(虱蝇总科)、花蝇科(Anthomyiidae)(蝇总科)、丽蝇科(Calliphoridae)(狂蝇总科)、邻寄蝇科(Rhinophoridae)(狂蝇总科)等类群的单系性仍有待验证,且新的科仍在不断被建立[如粉蝇科(Polleniidae)、乌鲁鲁蝇科(Ulurumyiidae)],因此,有瓣蝇类科级系统发育关系仍不十分明晰。已有研究对虱蝇总科虱蝇科(Hippoboscidae)、蝠蝇科、蛛蝇科(Nycteribiidae),蝇总科蝇科(Muscidae)、粪蝇科(Scathophagidae),狂蝇总科麻蝇科(Sarcophagidae)、狂蝇科(Oestridae)胃蝇亚科(Gasterophilinae)的演化历史进行研究,明确了起源与扩散、寄主转移、取食策略等关键生物学习性的演化历史。但由于部分关键类群生活史信息的缺失,以及尚未有效解决的系统发育关系,有瓣蝇类演化历史仍有许多待解之谜。本文综述了有瓣蝇类分类、系统发育及演化研究进展,是在系统学研究进入系统发育基因组学时代后对该类群相关研究进展的首次全面总结。  相似文献   

9.
荷兰蛛形学家Christa L.Deeleman—Reinhold女士新著《Forest Spiders of South East Asia(东南亚森林蜘蛛)》一书已于今年初出版,全书591页。本书对东南亚地区的管巢蛛科、圆颚蛛科、光盔蛛科、平腹蛛科、粗螯蛛科和转蛛科等6个科蜘蛛首次进行了全面的分类学记述。据作者介绍,这几科蜘蛛约占本地区种类总数的12%。本书共记述10亚科57属。对各科、亚科和属的鉴别特征均有详细的记述。在书的开始部分有本地区已知47个科的检索,然后在本书述及的类群有亚科和属的检索。各分类阶元均有引用文献和分类讨论。书中发表了许多新属和新种,为搞清楚本地区的蜘蛛区系增补了大量新资料,是作者多年来对本地区蜘蛛研究成果的部分总结。凡本书记述的类群的全部种类的分布在书中50幅地图上分  相似文献   

10.
本文记述了中国食蚜蝇科Syrphidae、管蚜蝇亚科Eristalinae、管蚜蝇族Eristalini的一新属:艳管蚜蝇属Pseudomeromacrus gen.nov.和新种 刺茎艳管蚜蝇Pseudomeromacrus setipenitus Li,sp.nov.模式标本保存于华南农业大学植保系昆虫标本室。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract.  Syrphidae (Diptera) commonly called hoverflies, includes more than 5000 species world-wide. The aim of this study was to address the systematic position of the disputed elements in the intrafamilial classification of Syrphidae, namely the monophyly of Eristalinae and the placement of Microdontini and Pipizini, as well as the position of particular genera ( Nausigaster , Alipumilio , Spheginobaccha ). Sequence data from nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial COI genes in conjunction with larval and adult morphological characters of fifty-one syrphid taxa were analysed using optimization alignment to explore phylogenetic relationships among included taxa. A species of Platypezidae, Agathomyia unicolor , was used as outgroup, and also including one representative ( Jassidophaga villosa ) of the sister-group of Syrphidae, Pipunculidae. Sensitivity of the data was assessed under six different parameter values. A stability tree summarized the results. Microdontini, including Spheginobaccha , was placed basally, and Pipizini appeared as the sister-group to subfamily Syrphinae. The monophyly of subfamily Eristalinae was supported. The results support at least two independent origins of entomophagy in syrphids, and frequent shifts between larval feeding habitats within the saprophagous eristalines.  相似文献   

12.
Bees, hoverflies and butterflies are taxa frequently studied as pollinators in agricultural and conservation contexts. Although there are many records of non-syrphid Diptera visiting flowers, they are generally not regarded as important pollinators. We use data from 30 pollen-transport networks and 71 pollinator-visitation networks to compare the importance of various flower-visiting taxa as pollen-vectors. We specifically compare non-syrphid Diptera and Syrphidae to determine whether neglect of the former in the literature is justified. We found no significant difference in pollen-loads between the syrphid and non-syrphid Diptera. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the level of specialization between the two groups in the pollen-transport networks, though the Syrphidae had significantly greater visitation evenness. Flower visitation data from 33 farms showed that non-syrphid Diptera made up the majority of the flower-visiting Diptera in the agricultural studies (on average 82% abundance and 73% species richness), and we estimate that non-syrphid Diptera carry 84% of total pollen carried by farmland Diptera. As important pollinators, such as bees, have suffered serious declines, it would be prudent to improve our understanding of the role of non-syrphid Diptera as pollinators.  相似文献   

13.
The family Syrphidae (Diptera) is traditionally divided into three subfamilies. The aim of this study was to address the monophyly of the tribes within the subfamily Syrphinae (virtually all with predaceous habits), as well as the phylogenetic placement of particular genera using molecular characters. Sequence data from the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COI ) and the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA gene of 98 Syrphinae taxa were analyzed using optimization alignment to explore phylogenetic relationships among included taxa. Volucella pellucens was used as outgroup, and representatives of the tribe Pipizini (Eristalinae), with similar larval feeding mode, were also included. Congruence of our results with current tribal classification of Syrphinae is discussed. Our results include the tribe Toxomerini resolved as monophyletic but placed in a clade with genera Ocyptamus and Eosalpingogaster . Some genera traditionally placed into Syrphini were resolved outside of this tribe, as the sister groups to other tribes or genera. The tribe Bacchini was resolved into several different clades. We recovered Paragini as a monophyletic group, and sister group of the genus Allobaccha . The present results highlight the need of a reclassification of Syrphinae.
© The Willi Hennig Society 2008.  相似文献   

14.
The taxonomic rank and phylogenetic relationships of the pipizine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae: Pipizini) were estimated based on DNA sequence data from three gene regions (COI, 28S and 18S) and 111 adult morphological characters. Pipizini has been treated as a member of the subfamily Eristalinae based on diagnostic adult morphological characteristics, while the larval feeding mode and morphology is shared with members of the subfamily Syrphinae. We analysed each dataset, both separately and combined, in a total evidence approach under maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. To evaluate the influence of different alignment strategies of rDNA 28S and 18S genes on the resulting topologies, we compared the topologies inferred from a multiple alignment using fast Fourier transform (MAFFT) program with those topologies resulting from aligning the secondary structure of these rDNA genes. Total evidence analyses resolved pipizines as a sister group of the subfamily Syrphinae. Although the structural alignment and the MAFFT alignment differed in the inferred relationships of some clades and taxa, there was congruence in the placement of pipizines. The homogeneous morphology of the Pipizini clade in combination with their unique combination of characters among the Syrphidae suggest a change of rank to subfamily. Thus, we propose to divide Syrphidae into four subfamilies, including the subfamily Pipizinae stat. rev.  相似文献   

15.
Diptera as vectors of mycobacterial infections in cattle and pigs   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Mycobacteria were isolated from 14 (4.5%) of 314 samples, containing 7791 adult Diptera, which were collected in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1997-2000. These flies were collected from three cattle herds with paratuberculosis, two pig herds with mycobacterial infections and one farm that kept both cattle and pigs and that did not have problems of mycobacterial infections. Mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated from Eristalis tenax Linnaeus (Diptera: Syrphidae) captured from a pig herd. Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium (serotype 8) was isolated from flies of the genera Drosophila Fallen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Musca Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) originating from a pig herd. Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from Musca spp. and Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from dung flies of the genus Scatophaga Meigen (Diptera: Scatophagidae), Musca spp. and Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) captured in the same herd. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was isolated from S. calcitrans from the farm with both cattle and pigs. Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis was isolated from Scatophaga spp. collected from pastures grazed by one of the cattle herds and from Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Lucilia caesar Linnaeus (Diptera: Calliphoridae) captured in a slaughterhouse, where cattle infected with paratuberculosis were slaughtered. Mycobacterium phlei was isolated from flies of the genus Lucilia captured at a waste bin. These data indicate that mycobacteria may be spread by adult flies that have been in contact with material contaminated with these pathogens.  相似文献   

16.
Oviposition preferences of aphidophagous hoverflies   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
1. Oviposition preferences of two predatory hoverflies, Episyrphus balteatus and Syrphus ribesii (Diptera, Syrphidae), were studied in the laboratory. 2. There was broad agreement between the two species: two of the top three preferred prey for oviposition in both hoverflies were pea and rose aphids; nettle aphids were consistently the least preferred. 3. Discrimination decreased with age.  相似文献   

17.
We test a near‐complete genus level phylogeny of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) for consistency with a null model of clade growth having uniform probabilities of speciation and extinction among contemporaneous species. The phylogeny is too unbalanced for this null model. Importantly, the degree of imbalance in the phylogeny depends on whether the phylogeny is analysed at the genus level or species level, suggesting that genera ought not to be used uncritically as surrogates for species in large‐scale evolutionary analyses. Tests for a range of morphological, life‐history and ecological correlates of diversity give equivocal results, but suggest that high species‐richness may be associated with sexual selection and diet breadth. We find no correlation between species‐richness and either body size or reproductive rate.  相似文献   

18.
The reproductive biology and pollination mechanisms of Govenia utriculata (Sw.) Lindl. were studied in a mesophytic semideciduous forest at Serra do Japi, south-eastern Brazil. The floral visitors and pollination mechanisms were recorded, and experimental pollinations were carried out to determine the breeding system of this species. Populations of G. utriculata growing at Serra do Japi are exclusively visited and pollinated by two species of hoverflies in the genus Salpingogaster (Diptera: Syrphidae) that are attracted by deceit to the flowers of this orchid species. The lip apex and the column base present small brownish and yellow to orange spots that mimic pollen clusters. Govenia utriculata is self-compatible, but pollinator dependent. Natural fruit set was low (10%), but similar to that of other non-obligatorily autogamous sympatric orchid species that occur at Serra do Japi and of other fly-pollinated orchid species pollinated through deceptive mechanisms.  相似文献   

19.
The paper presents the first data on the life histories of the larvae of five species of the genus Sphegina Meigen, 1822 (Diptera, Syrphidae) and their habitat associations with other xylobiont larvae of ambrosia insects: xylomycetophagous bark beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae), flies of the families Axymyiidae and Syrphidae (Diptera), and other insects. The biotopes of Sphegina larvae are divided into two types: the main biotope where larval development takes place and the additional biotope where pupation occurs.  相似文献   

20.
The local fauna of Ary-Mas (the Taimyr Biosphere Reserve) was found to comprise 56 species of hoverflies, representing only two subfamilies: Syrphinae (36 species) and Eristalinae (20 species). Analysis of trophic preferences of adult hover-flies showed that Syrphidae visited plants of 17 species from 10 families. The representatives of Syrphidae preferred Tanacetum bipinnatum (18 species), Ranunculus propinquus, and Tripleurospermum hookeri (12 species each). Three species of hoverflies visited the greatest number of plant species: Melangyna arctica (11), Syrphus ribesii (9), and Parasyrphus dryadis (8).  相似文献   

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