莽山国家级自然保护区发现罕见蛇种白头蝰及海南闪鳞蛇

莽山国家级自然保护区发现罕见蛇种白头蝰及海南闪鳞蛇陈远辉（湖南省郴州市莽山国家级自然保护区）湖南省莽山国家级自然保护区自发现新蛇种莽山烙铁头蛇以后,近两年的蛇类资源调查中,又分别发现一种白脑袋的毒蛇和一种鳞版具金属光泽,在日光和灯光下均能闪耀出多种色...     

福建武夷山自然保护区的珍稀动物（三）

武夷山的珍稀爬行动物福建武夷山自然保护区的爬行动物已知有73种（包括亚种）,占全省爬行动物种数（115）的63．5％。其中,海南闪鳞蛇属于福建省蛇类新记录;挂墩后棱蛇等12种的模式标本产于武夷山;五步蛇、大头平胸龟和中华鳖具有较大的经济价值;还有曾经被人们误认为：“蛇中之王”的丽棘晰。现将它们简介如下：海南闪鳞蛇我国特产。福建省新记录。隶于蛇目、闪鳞蛇科、闪鳞蛇属。头小;眼小;鳞片平滑,在日光下会闪耀多种色彩的光泽;背鳞呈六角形。活体背面蓝褐色,具金属光泽;腹面灰白色。栖于海拔200～740m处的山区住宅附近,…     

山烙铁头蛇属在中国海南岛的发现(蛇亚目:蛙科:蝮亚科)

作者有幸在上海自然历史博物馆收藏中发现采于海南岛的山烙铁头蛇属(Ovophis Burgerin Hogeand Romano Hoge,1981)标本1号.该属广泛分布于中国、东亚和东南亚大部地区,但在海南岛尚无报道.本文对该标本详加描记.根据其鳞被特征,特别是尾下鳞成单,将其鉴定为过去仅知分布于越南山区的越南山烙铁头蛇Ovophis     

竹叶青和烙铁头的生殖

竹叶青Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt卵胎生,烙铁头Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus(Cantor)卵生,有关这方面的具体资料尚缺。我们先后获得两条竹叶青母蛇产仔和一条烙铁头产卵,今列表简报如下:     

山烙铁头蛇属在中国海南岛的发现（蛇亚目：蝰科：蝮亚科）

作者有幸在上海自然历史博物馆收藏中发现采于海南岛的山烙铁头蛇属（Ovophis Burger in Hoger and Romano Hoge,1981）标本1号。该属广泛分布于中国、东亚和东南亚大部地区,但在海南岛尚无报道。本文对该标本详加描记。根据其鳞被特征,特别是尾下鳞成单,将其鉴定为过去仅知分布于越南山区的越南山烙铁头蛇Ovophis tonkinensis (Bourret,1934）是为中国蛇类的新纪录。     

湖南省蛇类新纪录五种

本文记述了湖南处境析发现的五种爬行动物,它们分别是盲蛇科的盲蛇,游蛇科的横纹后棱蛇、崇安斜鳞蛇、蝰科的白头蝰和菜花烙铁头。     

湖南莽山发现海南闪鳞蛇与白头蝰

在湖南莽山自然保护区进行蛇类生物资源考查时,于1991年9月下旬及1992年8月上旬分别采得1条无毒蛇及1条毒蛇,经查证确认是海南闪鳞蛇及白头蝰,两者均为本区新纪录种。海南闪鳞蛇Xenopeltis hainanensis Hu et Zhao 莽林标本9119号,采于海拔600m左右的菜土中。雄性,全长425mm,尾长25mm,头较扁小,头颈区分不明显,吻鳞宽圆,眼小,瞳孔直立椭圆形。眼前鳞较大,仅有1片,顶     

闪鳞蛇

闪鳞蛇（Xenopeltis unicolor),由于该蛇在爬行时,其鳞片在日光下闪耀出多种色彩的光泽而得名,为闪鳞蛇科闪鳞蛇属闪鳞蛇,系无毒蛇。     

亚洲蝮亚科蛇属间系统发生支序分析 (蛇亚目：蝰科)

在大量比较形态研究的基础上,选择了５个特征方面２８个性状,以支序分析方法探讨了分布于亚洲蝮亚科蛇５属１４种的系统发生关系,结果表明：该亚科蛇类可以划分为３个不同的类群,第一个类群包括尖吻蝮属、瘤鼻蝮属、红口腹属,它们具有较多的祖征,代表了该科中原始一类,基中红口蝮可能是最原始的一属;亚洲蝮属单独形成一个类群;第三个类群为原广义的烙铁头蛇属,包括竹叶青蛇属、原矛蝮属、烙铁头蛇属、黑绿烙铁头蛇属、莽山     

基于ND4基因海南竹叶青蛇物种与亚种分类地位

《中国动物志》与文献记载竹叶青蛇属分类存在矛盾,故本研究探讨了产自海南岛的竹叶青蛇的分类地位。为了研究其分类地位,理清国内外分类系统的矛盾。通过原竹叶青蛇属37个物种91个个体的ND_4基因进行测序,计算遗传距离;以瘤鼻蛇为外群,建立分子发育树。结果显示:所有物种在分子树上明显分为7支;产自海南岛的竹叶青蛇属于两个物种,即白唇竹叶青蛇和福建竹叶青蛇。由此得结论为国际上将原竹叶青蛇属细分为8个属的观点比较合理;支持"福建竹叶青蛇海南亚种"的分类地位。本研究丰富了海南基于分子生物学竹叶青蛇分类研究,完善竹叶青蛇生物信息学理论体系提供理论参考。     

马陆体上的革螨一新属新种及一新科的建立(蜱螨亚纲:皮刺螨总科)

在贵阳市土马陆Julus terrestris 体上采得一种革螨,系未曾描述过的新种,并为其建立新科、新属,以其背板周围具细毛这一特征而命名为:毛盾螨科Trichoaspididae和毛盾螨属Trichoaspis。模式种:马陆毛盾螨,新种Trichoaspis julus sp.nov.     

MORPHOLOGY, REPRODUCTION, AND THE 18S rRNA GENE SEQUENCE OF PIHIELLA LIAGORACIPHILA GEN. ET SP. NOV. (RHODOPHYTA), THE SO-CALLED 'MONOSPORANGIAL DISCS' ASSOCIATED WITH MEMBERS OF THE LIAGORACEAE (RHODOPHYTA), AND PROPOSAL OF THE PIHIELLALES ORD. NOV.

Pihiella liagoraciphila gen. et sp. nov. (Rhodophyta) is described for a minute endo/epiphyte that is commonly associated with members of the Liagoraceae ( Nemaliales, Rhodophyta). Algae are discoid or subspherical and grow to a maximum diameter of 400 μm. Attachment is via isolated elongate rhizoids that penetrate into the loosely filamentous structure of the host or by a pad of several coalesced rhizoids where the host has a more cohesive cortex. Elongate surface hairs are common. Gametophytes are dioecious, the spermatangia arising on surface cells, and carpogonia with elongate trichogynes borne directly on undifferentiated surface supporting cells. Large sporangia form on stalk cells across the upper surface of the plants, these appearing to be either monosporangial or the result of fertilization of the carpogonia and equivalent to undivided zygotosporangia. Carposporophytes and tetrasporangia are unknown. 18S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicate that Pihiella constitutes a clade of long branch length most closely related to the Ahnfeltiales. The unique morphology and reproduction of Pihiella , combined with a substantial genetic divergence from the Ahnfeltiales, suggest that it is sufficiently distinct to warrant placement in a new family and order. We therefore describe the family Pihiellaceae and the order Pihiellales to accommodate the new genus.     

Four new yeast species of the genus Sporobolomyces from plant leaves

Among the ballistoconidium-forming yeast strains isolated from various plant leaves collected in North and Northeast China, 12 strains forming orange to orange-red colored colonies were revealed to represent four novel species of the genus Sporobolomyces by conventional, chemotaxonomic and molecular phylogenetic studies, based on the 26S-rDNA D1/D2 domain and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences. Sporobolomyces beijingensis sp. nov., represented by eight strains (type strain CB 80T = AS 2.2365T = CBS 9730T), and Sporobolomyces jilinensis sp. nov., represented by two strains (type strain CB 118T = AS 2.2301T = CBS 9728T), clustered in the Johnsonii clade of the Sporidiobolus lineage. Sporobolomyces clavatus sp. nov., represented by strain CB 281T (= AS 2.2318T = CBS 9729T), belonged to the Agaricostilbum lineage and showed a close relationship to Sporobolomyces ruber and Sporobolomyces dracophylli. Sporobolomyces symmetricus sp. nov., represented by strain CB 64T(= AS 2.2299T = CBS 9727T), formed nearly symmetrical ballistoconidia and was closely related with Sporobolomyces vermiculatus and Sporobolomyces gracilis in the Gracilis clade of the Erythrobasidium lineage.     

Six new species of the genus Dicranosepsis Duda (Diptera, Sepsidae) from Vietnam, with a revised key to the species

The flies of the genus Dicranosepsis from Vietnam were investigated and classified taxonomically. Six new species (D. longa sp. nov., D. kurahashii sp. nov., D. monoseta sp. nov., D. sinuosa sp. nov., D. barbata sp. nov., and D. vietnamensis sp. nov.) are described and illustrated. Dicranosepsis is redefined and a revised key to the species is also provided.     

Isolation and Identification of the Characteristic Sweet-aroma Compounds in Refinery Final Molasses

The characteristic sweet-aroma components in refinery final molasses were isolated by using a combination of sensory evaluation, column chromatography and gas chromatography, and were identified by infrared spectrometry, mass spectrometry and color reactions. Identified were ethyl n-hexanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, phenylacetic acid, n-butyl benzoate, isopropyl benzoate, l(+)-pantolactone, benzoic acid, o-toluic acid, m-toluic acid, β-phenylpropionic acid, succinic anhydride, maltol, isomaltol, and 2-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-ethyl-γ-pyrone.

The aroma of the mixture of these compounds and vanillin and vanillic acid was similar to that of refinery molasses by sensory evaluation. The results indicate that these compounds are important in producing of sweet molasses aroma.     

中国鸦雀的系统分类研究

本文对我国的鸦雀,提出一个新的分类系统,列有4个亚属,14种;同时还报道一个新亚种,即黄嘴鸦雀贡山亚种。从鸦雀在国内外的分布情况及棕头鸦雀亚种组的形成,推测鸦雀的起源地可能是在我国西南区的横断山脉。     

MORPHOLOGY OF PLACENTOPHORA (SOLIERIACEAE,GIGARTINALES: RHODOPHYTA), A NEW GENUS BASED ON SARCODIOTHECA COLENSOI FROM NEW ZEALAND1

The only member of the red algal family Solieriaceae known from New Zealand is the endemic Sarcodiotheca colensoi (Hook. & Harv.) Kylin. This study shows that it differs in several respects from the type S. furcata (Setch. & Gard.) Kylin; thus a new genus Placentophora is created for the New Zealand alga. Although P. colensoi nov. comb. is retained in the Solieriaceae on the basis of vegetative, spermatangial, tetrasporangial, carpogonial-branch and early gonimoblast features, it differs from typical members of that family in its pattern of later carposporophyte development. After a single gonimoblast initial is cut off from the auxiliary cell towards the center of the thallus, further gonimoblasts develop from the initial as ramifying, radiating filaments. These filaments enter an extensive “nutritive-cell” region surrounding the auxiliary cell, form, numerous connections to the “nutritive” cells, and incorporate most of them into a central placenta of interconnected, and variously-fused vegetative and gonimoblast cells. Carpo-sporangia then form in short chains around the periphery of the placenta. The cystocarp lacks both a central fusion cell and a sterile-celled investment, or “Faserhülle.” The distinctive carposporophyte of Placentophora is compared to patterns of gonimoblast development, known in other members of the Solieriaceae.