胶体金免疫层析法快速检测沙门氏菌

为了建立一种简便快速的胶体金免疫层析法(GICA)用于检测沙门氏菌,将抗沙门氏菌多抗用抗原吸收法封闭与其他肠道杆菌的交叉反应,标记胶体金溶胶制成探针,采用多膜复合的方法制成免疫层析条。结果表明该层析条灵敏度为2.1×106cfu/ml,不与其他肠道杆菌反应,37℃放置33天,检测结果无差异。该方法灵敏度高,简便快速,无需特殊仪器设备,有良好的开发应用前景。     

斑点免疫金渗滤法同时检测猪瘟和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征抗体的研究

在猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征单重斑点免疫金渗滤法的基础上,建立能同时检测HC和PRRS的双重斑点免疫金渗滤法。将提纯的HC和PRRS抗原同时包被在硝酸纤维膜上,利用胶体金标记SPA显色,当猪血清中含有HC、PRRS抗体时,则相应的点会显现红色(呈红色斑点),结果易于判断。且操作简单,耗时短,与猪细小病毒、口蹄疫和猪伪狂犬病毒阳性血清不发生交叉反应。     

胶体金渗滤方法检测乙肝患者血清中乙肝核心抗体的研究

目的:建立胶体金免疫渗滤法检测乙肝患者血清中乙肝核心抗体(anti-HBc Ig M)抗体的方法,评价其灵敏度、特异性和重复性。方法:预先在硝酸纤维素膜上包被乙肝核心抗原HBc Ag,将血清或者血浆加在硝酸纤维素膜上,血清或者血浆中的anti-HBc Ig M与HBc Ag结合。洗涤去掉非特异结合,加入胶体金标记的抗人-Ig M,洗涤去掉没有结合的抗人Ig M抗体。硝酸纤维素膜上的抗原-Ig M-抗人Ig M形成的\"三明治\"复合物呈现红色圆点,证实实验有效。结果:102份乙肝患者血清,anti-HBc Ig M阳性标本99份。检出率97%。50份正常血清中,有一份检测结果弱阳性,特异性98%。结论:胶体金免疫渗滤法检测anti-HBc Ig M敏感性高、特异性强、重复性好,且方便快捷,不需要特殊的仪器设备,在anti-HBc Ig M快速检测上有广阔的应用前景。     

金标免疫渗滤法检测抗HP抗体的临床应用评价

金标免疫渗滤法（ＤｏｔＩｍｍｕｎｏｇｏｌｄＦｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎＡｓｓａｙ,ＤＩＧＦＡ）是近年来从固相免疫测定法发展起来的斑点免疫结合试验,其特点是以微孔膜作为载体,用胶体金代替酶结合物,省却底物反应步骤,阳性反应呈红色斑点,肉眼清晰可见,操作快速简便。目前,国内外已用于多种疾病的诊断,如ＨＩＶ、ＡＦＰ等［１,２］。我们采用该法检测有消化道症状的住院及门诊患者６５８例,并用病理切片诊断和尿素酶试验对照加以分析,结果良好,现报道如下。１　材料与方法１．１　一般资料　本组６５８例,其中男３４２例,女３…     

沙门氏菌的快速检测

沙门氏菌检测方法发展迅速。本文就生化方法、免疫学方法、ＤＮＡ探针杂交方法、多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法对近年来出现的沙门氏菌快速检测作简要综述     

应用斑点金免疫渗滤试验快速同步检测抗HIV-1,HIV-2 IgG抗体

应用斑点金免疫渗滤试验(dotimmunogoldfiltration assay,DIGFA)建立了一种同步快速检测四种抗HIV-1/2IgG抗体的HIV诊断试纸.通过基因工程技术在大肠杆菌中表达了5种HIV抗原蛋白片段(P24,GP41,GP36,GP120V3,GP120C).这5种抗原蛋白首先被固定在硝酸纤维素膜上,然后滴加待测血清,其中的病毒抗体通过免疫反应与抗原结合,再加胶体金标记的葡萄球菌蛋白A(SPA),待其渗过膜片后,洗涤,即可形成肉眼可见的红色斑点.用已确证的21份HIV阳性血清(其中包括1份HIV-1标准阳性血清和1份HIV-2标准阳性血清)和30份阴性血清进行了试验,结果表明该快速检测方法与ELISA方法无显著差异.该检测方法不需任何仪器,仅凭肉眼即可判定结果,整个检测过程不超过5分钟.与传统的的ELISA法相比,具有方便快速,成本低廉,应用范围广等优点.同时,此HIV快速诊断试纸可以同步检测并区分针对HIV-1和HIV-2感染的不同检测标志物(抗P24、GP41、GP120和GP36抗体),这对提高快速检测的灵敏度和准确性,以及对判断HIV感染者是否临近或已进入AIDS期有着较高的应用价值.     

焦磷酸测序检测食品中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌

根据鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的特异序列,分别设计扩增引物和测序引物,建立焦磷酸测序检测鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的方法。针对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌设计特异性扩增引物,对目标片段进行PCR扩增,然后制备单链模板,并利用测序引物进行焦磷酸测序。测序结果表明,6株不同来源的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌均可以扩增出碱基序列为TACAACCGGA GTGCACATTA ATCCCGCAGC的基因片段,而30株阴性对照菌株均未得到扩增。进行BLAST比对表明,该序列与GenBank中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的碱基序列100%匹配。焦磷酸测序法是一种快速、准确的检测方法,可用于食品中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的快速检测。     

胶体金渗滤法检测贝氏柯克斯体的研究

本文建立一种快速、敏感、适于基层应用的贝氏柯克斯体（俗称Ｑ热立克次体）的检测方法。将Ｑ热立克次体多克隆抗体点于硝酸膜上,用以捕获待检标本中的Ｑ热立克次体抗原,通过胶体金标记的鼠抗Ｑ热立克次体单克隆抗体直接显色,阳性者出现红色斑点。结果表明,用该法检测Ｑ热立克次休实验感染豚鼠血液,小鼠肝或脾,蜱血淋巴等标本取得了较满意的结果,整个过程仅需５－６分钟。与其他病原体无交叉反应,敏感度不低于５０ｎｇ立克次     

生物技术在食品检测方面的应用

综述了DNA探针、PCR、生物芯片、胶体金免疫层析及ELLSA等生物技术的基本原理及其在食品检测方面的应用。     

Single-nucleotide polymorphism detection using nanomolar nucleotides and single-molecule fluorescence

We have exploited three methods for discriminating single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by detecting the incorporation or otherwise of labeled dideoxy nucleotides at the end of a primer chain using single-molecule fluorescence detection methods. Good discrimination of incorporated vs free nucleotide may be obtained in a homogeneous assay (without washing steps) via confocal fluorescence correlation spectroscopy or by polarization anisotropy obtained from confocal fluorescence intensity distribution analysis. Moreover, the ratio of the fluorescence intensities on each polarization channel may be used directly to discriminate the nucleotides incorporated. Each measurement took just a few seconds and was done in microliter volumes with nanomolar concentrations of labeled nucleotides. Since the confocal volumes interrogated are approximately 1fL and the reaction volume could easily be lowered to nanoliters, the possibility of SNP analysis with attomoles of reagents opens up a route to very rapid and inexpensive SNP detection. The method was applied with success to the detections of SNPs that are known to occur in the BRCA1 and CFTR genes.     

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the rapid detection of Salmonella

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay detected Salmonella within 60 min. The 220 strains of 39 serotypes of Salmonella subsp. enterica and 7 strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae were amplified, but not 62 strains of 23 bacterial species other than Salmonella. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was found to be >2.2 cfu/test tube using nine serotypes. The specificity was similar to that of a PCR assay, but the sensitivity of LAMP was greater. Both fluorescence and turbidity were able to detect the products in the LAMP assay. S. enteritidis in a liquid egg sample artificially inoculated with the organism was detected by the LAMP assay at 2.8 cfu/test tube, although negative by PCR assay. These results indicate that the LAMP assay is a rapid, specific and sensitive detection method for Salmonella.     

Diagnostic real-time PCR for detection of Salmonella in food

A robust 5' nuclease (TaqMan) real-time PCR was developed and validated in-house for the specific detection of Salmonella in food. The assay used specifically designed primers and a probe target within the ttrRSBCA locus, which is located near the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 at centisome 30.5. It is required for tetrathionate respiration in Salmonella. The assay correctly identified all 110 Salmonella strains and 87 non-Salmonella strains tested. An internal amplification control, which is coamplified with the same primers as the Salmonella DNA, was also included in the assay. The detection probabilities were 70% when a Salmonella cell suspension containing 10(3) CFU/ml was used as a template in the PCR (5 CFU per reaction) and 100% when a suspension of 10(4) CFU/ml was used. A pre-PCR sample preparation protocol including a preenrichment step in buffered peptone water followed by DNA extraction-purification was applied when 110 various food samples (chicken rinses, minced meat, fish, and raw milk) were investigated for Salmonella. The diagnostic accuracy was shown to be 100% compared to the traditional culture method. The overall analysis time of the PCR method was approximately 24 h, in contrast to 4 to 5 days of analysis time for the traditional culture method. This methodology can contribute to meeting the increasing demand of quality assurance laboratories for standard diagnostic methods. Studies are planned to assess the interlaboratory performance of this diagnostic PCR method.     

Rapid combined assay for Salmonella detection in food samples

A rapid method was developed to detect salmonellae in food samples. The method gave a possibility to obtain results after 28 h 30 min. The preenrichment in buffered peptone water lasted for 6 h, the enrichment in Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium was applied for 18 h followed by PCR with INVA1-INVA2 primer pair, adapting Chiu and Ou's method. This procedure was suitable to demonstrate salmonella contamination at min. 10 cfu/25 g sample. Out of 18 samples there was a good agreement between the results of the conventional and rapid methods in case of 17 samples. PCR with SPVC1-SPVC2 primer pair informing about the presence of virulence plasmid was performed in separate tubes, because decreased sensitivity was observed in case of multiplex PCR.     

Calculating the probability of detection for inhibitors in enzymatic or binding reactions in high-throughput screening

In high-throughput screening (HTS) for drug candidates from a library containing tens of thousands to millions of chemical compounds, one problem is assessing the sensitivity of an assay for detecting compounds with a particular potency. For example, when looking for inhibitors of an enzyme, what is the potency of an inhibitor that will be readily detected by an enzyme inhibition assay? Similarly, when assessing compounds that inhibit binding between receptors and ligands or similar molecule-to-molecule interactions, what potency of an inhibitor will be readily detected? In this article, the well-established concepts of Michaelis-Menten kinetics and Langmuir binding isotherms are combined with fundamental statistical principles to yield a measure of assay sensitivity. The approach is general and can be modified to accommodate situations where the reaction kinetics is known to be more complicated than situations described by the Michaelis-Menten and Langmuir equations. The calculations presented take into account the concentration of inhibitor used, the variability of the assay, the relationship between the K(m) or K(d) of the reaction and the substrate or ligand concentration used, the threshold or cutoff value used for determining "hits," and the number of replicates used in screening.     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Salmonella typhimurium in food: feasibility of 1-day Salmonella detection

A microtitration plate, antibody-capture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for detection of Salmonella typhimurium. The assay utilizes a monoclonal detector antibody which shows no cross-reactions with non-Salmonella species and only a slight cross-reaction with one other Salmonella serotype. By using only one cultural stage (in a nonselective, chemically defined medium) prior to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, low numbers of cells in food (10 cells 25 g-1) were detected in 19 h. Non-Salmonella competing organisms did not interfere with detection of S. typhimurium even when present in the ratio of 10(6):1 (non-Salmonella/Salmonella spp.). The assay shows the feasibility of rapid, 1-day testing for Salmonella spp. with antibody technology.     

Twelve-hour PCR-based method for detection of Salmonella spp. in food

A PCR-based method for the detection of Salmonella spp. in food was developed. The method, set up on typical salami from the Italian region of Marche, is sensitive and specific and shows excellent correlation with the conventional method of reference when naturally contaminated foods are analyzed. Moreover, it can be easily performed within a maximum of 12 h from food sampling, thus allowing prompt detection of Salmonella spp. in the food stocks analyzed.     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Salmonella typhimurium in food: feasibility of 1-day Salmonella detection.

A microtitration plate, antibody-capture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for detection of Salmonella typhimurium. The assay utilizes a monoclonal detector antibody which shows no cross-reactions with non-Salmonella species and only a slight cross-reaction with one other Salmonella serotype. By using only one cultural stage (in a nonselective, chemically defined medium) prior to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, low numbers of cells in food (10 cells 25 g-1) were detected in 19 h. Non-Salmonella competing organisms did not interfere with detection of S. typhimurium even when present in the ratio of 10(6):1 (non-Salmonella/Salmonella spp.). The assay shows the feasibility of rapid, 1-day testing for Salmonella spp. with antibody technology.     

Gold nanoparticles-based colorimetric assay for rapid detection of Salmonella species in food samples

A rapid, sensitive and cost-effective method was developed for detection of foodborne pathogens, particularly Salmonella species. The method utilizes single stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes and non-functionalized gold nanoparticles to provide a colorimetric assay for the detection of PCR amplified DNA. Different food samples were tested with the PCR-based colorimetric assay parallel with the conventional culture method. The sensitivity and specificity of colorimetric assay was 89.15 and 99.04% respectively with reference to conventional culture method. The total time required to detect the Salmonella spp. present in food samples by the developed method is less than 8 h, including 6 h incubation. It was observed that the colorimetric assay was 10 times more sensitive than gel-based detection with the same concentration of DNA used for analysis.