用荧光标记O-I噬菌体快速检测食品源沙门氏菌

[目的]利用O-I噬菌体几乎可裂解沙门氏菌属细菌的特性建立快速检测食品中沙门氏菌的方法.[方法]用核酸荧光染料SYBR gold染料标记O-I噬菌体侵染100株试验菌及120份食品样品菌,荧光显微镜鉴定沙门氏菌;并测灵敏度.[结果]100株试验菌中40株沙门氏菌可见杆状荧光,而10株变形杆菌、20株志贺氏菌、20株大肠杆菌和10株葡萄球菌均无荧光;沙门氏菌检测灵敏度达10 CFU/100 μL;120份食品样品中沙门氏菌的O-I噬菌体检测与生化鉴定结果的阳性率分别为9.17%和10%,符合率为91.7%.[结论]试验表明用荧光标记的O-I噬菌体可以快速、直观、准确、大量地检测食品中沙门氏菌.     

沙门氏菌检测方法的研究进展

沙门氏菌作为常见的人兽共患病原菌之一,不仅会引起各种动物疾病,而且与人类多种疾病有关,其中,由沙门氏菌引起的食物中毒显得尤为突出。因此沙门氏菌的研究和探讨显得极为重要,而其检测方法则是研究的核心。为此,笔者查阅国内外文献,综述沙门氏菌检测方法,认为,沙门氏菌现行的主要检测方法包括三个方面:传统标准检测法、免疫学法和分子生物学法。传统方法鉴定沙门氏菌耗时较长;以抗体为基础免疫学方法将检测时间缩短了一半,且灵敏性高和特异性强;以核酸为基础的PCR技术由于灵敏、简单、快速和特异已被广泛用于沙门氏菌检测。     

可视化和实时荧光环介导恒温扩增技术快速检测原料乳中的沙门氏菌

【背景】原料乳质量控制是乳制品生产流程中的关键环节,沙门氏菌是污染原料乳的主要致病菌之一。随着生物检测技术的不断发展,建立用于快速检测原料乳中沙门氏菌的实用型方法具有重要意义。【目的】评价可视化环介导恒温扩增技术(visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification,V-LAMP)和实时荧光环介导恒温扩增技术(real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification,RF-LAMP)方法快速检测原料乳中沙门氏菌的实效性。【方法】建立沙门氏菌LAMP反应体系和反应条件,对比V-LAMP和RF-LAMP两种方法的特异性、灵敏度、稳定性及其应用于实际样品检测的效用。【结果】采用V-LAMP和RF-LAMP方法检测沙门氏菌标准菌株,其结果均为阳性,检测非沙门氏菌标准菌株其结果均为阴性;该两种方法的检出限为13 CFU/mL,检测重复率均为100%;经检测10份人工污染样品,该两种方法的检测结果与实际结果高度一致;经检测73份实际样品,相对于标准方法,该两种方法其相对特异性分别为94.12%和92.65%,相对敏感度分别为100%和100%,相对准确率分别为94.52%和93.15%,一致性χ2值分别为2.25和3.20,与标准方法无明显差异(P>0.05)。【结论】V-LAMP和RF-LAMP方法检测特异性好、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于原料乳中沙门氏菌的快速检测。     

猪源沙门氏菌耐药性及耐药基因的分析

为研究猪源沙门氏菌耐药性与耐药基因的关系,采用K-B法测定从猪肉中分离的60株沙门氏菌对10种抗菌药物的敏感性,并通过PCR技术对沙门氏菌的耐药基因进行检测。结果显示,沙门氏菌对环丙沙星的耐药率最高,达98.3%,对复方新诺明、阿米卡星的耐药率在75%左右,而对庆大霉素、氯霉素、诺氟沙星及壮观霉素类药物比较敏感,敏感率达45%以上。耐药基因的检测结果显示,除了tetB、tetC、tetG、cat1和Aaca(3)-Ia这5种耐药基因没有扩增出来,tetA、parC、gyrA、sulI、sulII、floR和aadA1 7种耐药基因的检测率分别为53.3%、98.3%、66.7%、46.7%、33.3%、48.3%和66.3%。对已成功分离的沙门氏菌中几种常见的耐药基因进行克隆及特性分析,得知沙门氏菌的耐药基因可以决定细菌的耐药表型。     

全基因组测序技术对沙门氏菌血清型和耐药性的预测能力分析

[目的] 评价全基因组测序技术在沙门氏菌血清型和耐药性检测方面的应用能力。[方法] 对我国1950-2015年分离的290株鸡源沙门氏菌用常规检测方法进行了血清分型和药敏试验;提取全基因组进行测序,应用SeqSero和ResFinder数据库分析沙门氏菌的血清型和耐药性;对用常规检测方法和全基因组测序分析方法得到的血清型和耐药性结果进行比较,分析两种方法所得结果的符合性情况。[结果] 沙门氏菌的主要血清型为肠炎和鸡白痢（≥84.5%）,常规检测方法和全基因组测序分析方法在沙门氏菌血清分型方面的总体符合率为97.6%。对11种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）检测结果显示,沙门氏菌对磺胺异噁唑（39.3%）、氨苄西林（39.0%）和粘菌素（39.0%）的耐药率较高,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率较低。全基因组测序分析能够100%预测美罗培南、氟苯尼考、阿奇霉素和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药性,而且对恩诺沙星、四环素、复方新诺明、氨苄西林、头孢噻呋、磺胺异噁唑的预测符合率均超过95.0%。[结论] 本研究结果表明,全基因组测序技术对沙门氏菌的血清分型和耐药性的预测具有较高的准确性和敏感性,是分析沙门氏菌血清型和耐药性的有效工具,具备良好的应用前景。     

食源性沙门氏菌检测方法的研究进展

沙门氏菌(Salmonella)是一百多年前发现的一种病原体,是一种常见的重要人畜共患 病原菌,它不仅可以引起胃肠炎,还会引起伤寒、败血症及肠外灶性感染等多种症候群.在 世界各地的食物中毒中,沙门氏菌引起的中毒病例占首位或第二位,因而受到了人们强烈的 关注,而沙门氏菌的检测方法正是人们关注的焦点之一.近年来,沙门氏菌检测技术有了很 大的进展,由十分困难的传统分离培养法到免疫学检测方法发展成为今天的分子生物学检测 技术.毫无疑问,检测方法的进展在便利沙门氏菌检测的同时,也将为更好地了解沙门氏菌奠定基础.综述了食源性沙门氏菌的概况以及其检测方法的研究进展.     

猪源乳酸杆菌对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌DT104在猪肠道上皮细胞IPEC-J2上粘附的影响

采用猪肠道上皮细胞株IPEC-J2体外培养模型,考察9株猪源乳酸杆菌对IPEC-J2细胞的粘附特性,以及对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌DT104粘附的竞争、排斥、置换和抗侵袭作用.结果显示,9株乳酸杆菌均能粘附IPEC-J2细胞,粘附率在0.1%～10%之间,具有菌株特异性和浓度效应.乳酸杆菌和沙门氏菌同时加入细胞培养,能竞争性抑制沙门氏菌的粘附,并具有浓度效应,高浓度(109 CFU/mL)添加K30、K67和K16时,抑制率可达80%以上.乳酸杆菌预处理细胞后再加入沙门氏菌,高浓度乳酸杆菌可降低沙门氏菌粘附率40%～70%,而中浓度(108 CFU/mL)乳酸杆菌能抑制23%～33%沙门氏菌对细胞的侵入.但是,只有高浓度添加乳酸杆菌能置换已经粘附的沙门氏菌,置换率在12%～84%之间.该结果为临床上筛选乳酸杆菌,有效防治猪沙门氏菌病提供了一条新的途径.     

食品中沙门氏菌分子检测靶点的筛选与评价

[目的]发掘新的沙门氏菌分子检测靶点,筛选检测性能优秀的引物.[方法]利用BLAST程序比较沙门氏菌属内基因组DNA序列的同源性以及沙门氏菌与非沙门氏菌基因组DNA序列之间的特异性,发掘出100多个检测沙门氏菌属的特异性片段,并从中随机挑选出15个片段作为候选靶点,一共设计了27对引物(FS1～FS27),对它们的特异性、灵敏度加以评价,从中筛选检测性能最好的引物.[结果]在27对引物中,检测性能最优的引物为FS23,采用该引物对供试菌株的相应检测靶点进行PCR扩增,44株沙门氏菌都能扩增到一条492 bp特异性片段,而22株非沙门氏菌则不能扩增出这一特异性片段.以FS23为引物建立PCR方法检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌基因组DNA的灵敏度为11.9 fg/μL,细菌纯培养物灵敏度为4.9×102cfu/mL;用猪霍乱沙门氏菌人工污染牛奶样品,如果接种起始菌量为100 cfu/25 mL时,只需要增菌5 h,采用上述方法即能检测出沙门氏菌.[结论]引物FS23对应的基因序列是一个性能优良的新分子检测靶点,具备很高的特异性和灵敏性,能够广泛应用于食品中沙门氏菌的快速检测.     

心血管疾病相关的沙门氏菌的检测新方法建立

[目的]建立对沙门氏菌的新型快速可视化检测方法。[方法]显色纳米花作为沙门氏菌的感受器及换能器,免疫磁珠作为富集和分离手段,最终与靶标沙门氏菌形成三明治夹心结构,检测信号以纳米花显色方式输出。[结果]检测沙门氏菌的线性范围在10～104CFU/m L,检测限10 CFU/m L,实际样品回收率可达117.5%,且特异性良好。[结论]成功建立了基于新型显色纳米花的沙门氏菌定性定量的检测方法,灵敏性可达10 CFU/m L,与传统临床检测方法相比,具有快速、简便、灵敏、无需大型仪器的优点。     

抗肠炎沙门氏菌单链抗体制备及其特异性分析

目的:利用基因工程技术制备抗肠炎沙门氏菌的单链抗体.方法:从抗肠炎沙门氏菌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞中纯化RNA,反转录后扩增出抗体的重链可变区(VH)和轻链可变区(VL)基因片段,采用重叠延伸的方法,用柔性多肽Linker接头(Gly4 Ser)3按VL-Linker-VH方式将VH基因和VL基因拼接成单链抗体基因片段后,连接到pGEX-4T-1载体上,进行重组转化.挑取阳性克隆,经IPTG诱导后,通过GST柱进行亲和层析,最后利用ELISA检测抗体的活性.结果:成功构建了表达抗肠炎沙门氏菌单链抗体的基因工程菌株,经SDS-PAGE和ELISA检测结果表明,诱导表达的单链抗体scFv分子量约为60 kDa,其能特异与肠炎沙门氏菌结合,但与副甲伤寒沙门氏菌、鸭沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌有轻度交叉反应.结论:成功构建了抗肠炎沙门氏菌单链抗体的表达菌株,表达的单链抗体scFv可作为沙门氏菌的检测的候选抗体分子.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.