中国石龙子不同组织三种同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,研究了分布在广东韶关地区的中国石龙子（Eumeces chinensis）的肝脏、肌肉、心脏、脑、生殖腺5种组织的酯酶（EST）、淀粉酶（AMY）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）3种同工酶,旨在为华南地区中国石龙子的系统分类提供理论依据,结果表明不同的同工酶存在组织特异性,并且分布特征与其生理功能有一定关系.     

中国石龙子雌体繁殖特征和卵孵化的地理变异

浙江丽水和广东韶关中国石龙子均年产单窝卵,窝卵数,窝卵重和卵重均与雌体SVL呈正相关,雌体头部形态,繁殖特征,产卵起始时间和孵孵化的热依赖性等有显著的地理变异;韶关石龙子产卵起始时间为5月中旬,比丽水经子约早两周,韶关石龙子窝卵数较大,卵较小,窝卵重与丽水石龙子无显著差异。韶关石龙子特定SVL的窝卵数比丽水石龙子多2．8枚卵,中国经子卵数量和大小之间有种群间权衡,无种数内权衡,同一种群内卵数量与卵大小无关,孵化温度影响石龙子孵出幼体的一些特征,24℃孵出细幼体比32℃孵出幼体大,躯干发育好,剩余卵黄少,韶关24℃孵出幼体的体重,躯干干重小于丽水幼体,韶关32℃孵出幼体的SVL小于丽水幼体,剩余卵黄大于丽水幼体,表明适宜卵孵化温度范围有地理变异。丽水石龙子卵对极端高温和低温的耐受性较强,适宜卵孵化温度范围较宽。     

蓝尾石龙子杭州和宁德种群繁殖生活史特征的差异

测定处于不同纬度的浙江杭州和福建宁德的蓝尾石龙子(Eumeceselegans)种群的个体大小和繁殖特征。宁德种群的产卵时间为5月27日—6月22日,早于高纬度杭州种群(6月4日—7月12日)。宁德种群最小繁殖雌体及性成熟个体大小均显著小于杭州种群。宁德和杭州两种群的相对窝卵重无显著差异;当统计去除母体体长的影响之后,两地种群的窝卵数和窝卵重也无显著差异,但杭州种群的卵重量显著大于宁德种群。蓝尾石龙子窝卵数和卵重量呈负相关,窝卵数和卵大小的权衡存在种群间差异。特定窝卵数条件下,杭州种群的卵重量显著大于宁德种群。由此可见,蓝尾石龙子种群间的繁殖生活史特征存在显著差异,而且与母体大小的差异密切相关。推测不同纬度地区的蓝尾石龙子种群的繁殖策略存在差异。     

蓝尾石龙子杭州和宁德种群繁殖生活史特征的差异

测定处于不同纬度的浙江杭州和福建宁德的蓝尾石龙子(Eumeces elegans)种群的个体大小和繁殖特征。宁德种群的产卵时间为5月27日—6月22日，早于高纬度杭州种群(6月4日—7月12日)。宁德种群最小繁殖雌体及性成熟个体大小均显著小于杭州种群。宁德和杭州两种群的相对窝卵重无显著差异；当统计去除母体体长的影响之后，两地种群的窝卵数和窝卵重也无显著差异，但杭州种群的卵重量显著大于宁德种群。蓝尾石龙子窝卵数和卵重量呈负相关，窝卵数和卵大小的权衡存在种群间差异。特定窝卵数条件下，杭州种群的卵重量显著大于宁德种群。由此可见，蓝尾石龙子种群间的繁殖生活史特征存在显著差异，而且与母体大小的差异密切相关。推测不同纬度地区的蓝尾石龙子种群的繁殖策略存在差异。     

蛤蚧与中国石龙子顶盖组织结构的比较

通过对蛤蚧与中国石龙子顶盖细胞形态及细胞在顶盖不同层次间的比较,研究两种不同习性动物视觉结构之间的差异.用尼氏(Nissl)染色法进行顶盖组织染色,辣根过氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase,HRP)进行顶盖注射,测量和记录顶盖细胞的面积、形态及树突走向并作统计分析.结果显示两种动物顶盖层次间的投射方式及细胞在各层次的比较存在相似之处,而中国石龙子顶盖C层细胞面积显著大于蛤蚧,其S层细胞树突分枝比蛤蚧的要广泛,而且这两种动物不同大小和不同形态顶盖细胞所占比例在顶盖内部三层间也存在差别.这些结果表明夜行性蛤蚧和昼行性中国石龙子的视觉系统中,其顶盖结构存在差异.     

中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）4个种群的同工酶遗传变异

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术分析了中国对虾（Penaeuschinensis）黄渤海沿岸种群（YP）、朝鲜半岛西海岸种群（KP）和2个养殖种群（CP1和CP2）的同工酶遗传变异水平。每个种群随机选取50尾中国对虾进行同工酶检测。在所分析的12种同工酶编码的20个基因位点中,有4个是多态位点。4个种群的多态位点比例（P0.99）分别为15%、20%、10%和20%。种群平均杂合度（观测值）（Ho）分别为0.014±0.007、0.020±0.010、0.010±0.007和0.033±0.017。4个种群的位点有效等位基因数（Ne）分别为1.015±0.008、1.023±0.011、1.011±0.007和1.042±0.022。杂合子平衡偏离指数（D）分别为+0.037、-0.030、-0.098和-0.030。2个地理种群（YP和KP）的遗传相似性系数（I）和遗传距离（D     

四种利用不同生境蜥蜴运动能力的形态特征相关性

动物体态特征、功能表现和生境利用之间是否存在相关性是当前生态形态学领域的一个研究焦点。在实验室条件下测定分别利用开阔地面、草丛、岩石、树丛生境的 4种蜥蜴 (中国石龙子、北草蜥、山地麻蜥和变色树蜥 )的形态特征和运动能力 ,着重探讨蜥蜴运动能力与形态特征之间的相关性。 4种蜥蜴的头体长大小依次为 :中国石龙子 >变色树蜥 >北草蜥 >山地麻蜥。就相对体长而言 ,中国石龙子 >山地麻蜥和北草蜥 >变色树蜥 ,而头大小、附肢长度和尾长的种间差异趋势则相反 ;体高的种间差异为北草蜥 >中国石龙子和变色树蜥 >山地麻蜥。在平面上 ,山地麻蜥和北草蜥的速度显著大于中国石龙子和变色树蜥 ;在斜面上 ,变色树蜥和山地麻蜥的速度显著高于中国石龙子。变色树蜥斜面附着能力最强 ,中国石龙子最弱。生境利用不同的蜥蜴形态迥异 ,运动能力亦因此有显著的差异。本研究结果支持动物形态特征与其功能表现相关的观点。     

断尾对蓝尾石龙子能量储存和运动表现的影响

在许多蜥蜴种类中,尾自切是一种主要的逃避天敌捕食的防御性策略。虽然断尾使蜥蜴获得短期的生存利益,但同时也需为此承受多方面的代价。利用从丽水采集的117条蓝尾石龙子来评价该种动物断尾的能量和运动代价。81条(约69%)石龙子至少经历过1次尾自切。断尾个体中,原先断尾事件的发生频率在不同尾区间存在显著差别,但两性间无差别。将实验组17条具完整尾的石龙子依次切去3个尾段,然后测定断尾前后石龙子的运动表现以及每个尾段、身体各部分中的脂肪含量。另15条具完整尾的石龙子作为对照组,仅测量其运动表现。尾部的脂肪含量与尾基部宽呈正相关,说明具较粗尾部的石龙子一般具有相当较多的尾部储能。尾部脂肪含量随尾长呈非等比例分布,大部分脂肪集中于尾近基部端。断尾几乎不影响蓝尾石龙子的运动表现,仅当大部分尾部被切除时疾跑速有较小程度的降低。显示了蓝尾石龙子因遭遇天敌捕食攻击或其它因素作用而产生的部分断尾可能并不会导致严重的能量和运动代价。由于野外种群蓝尾石龙子个体的断尾情况主要发生在尾近基部或中部位置,因此可以认为自然条件下该种动物的尾自切通常会遭受明显的能量和运动代价。     

中国桔小实蝇种群的微卫星多态性分析

为了研究桔小实蝇种群的遗传结构,本文采用微卫星分子标记技术,对中国南方9省区、越南和泰国的11个桔小实蝇地理种群共224个个体的遗传多样性水平及种群遗传结构进行了研究。用9对微卫星引物共检测到48个等位基因, 平均每个微卫星位点的等位基因数为5.33个。GENEPOP分析结果表明：11个桔小实蝇种群在9个微卫星位点上的多态位点百分率平均为94.45%。种群的Nei's基因多样性指数平均为0.4371,Shannon信息指数平均为0.7870,表明桔小实蝇种群具有非常丰富的遗传多样性。Nei's遗传多样性分析发现,各地理种群间产生了一定程度的遗传分化,种群间平均遗传分化系数F_st=0.2370。种群间一定程度的遗传分化可能是由地理隔离和基因流障碍（N_em = 0.8049）所引起。UPGMA聚类分析可知, 中国的桔小实蝇地理种群可分为华南支和西南支两大分支,华南分支包括福建、台湾、广东和海南4个种群,西南分支包括四川、云南、广西、贵州和湖南5个种群。由此推测, 中国桔小实蝇种群结构的形成与演变是在地理演化与经贸交流加强这两种因素的影响下不断进行的动态过程。     

中国石龙子热生物学的研究

通过研究中国石龙子选择体温，临界温度与实验温度对该种的体温，疾跑速，摄食量，食物通过时间，表现消化系数，同化效率和生长的影响发现，中国石龙子选择体温３１．２℃，临界高，低温分别为４２．３和６．３℃，恒温室内中国石龙子的体温与实验温度接近，温度对中国石龙子的疾跑速有显著影响，３４℃中动物疾跑速最高，过高或过低实验温度中的动物疾跑减慢，温度对中国石龙子食物通过时间，单位体重摄食量，粪尿能值，表观消化系     

不同地理种群紫茎泽兰生长繁殖特征的比较研究

对云南省9个不同地理种群紫茎泽兰的野外生长繁殖特性进行了调查,并采集各种群种子在温室内培植,观测比较它们在同质环境下的种子萌发、幼苗生长发育及植株开花结实情况.研究结果显示,(1)野外不同地理种群紫茎泽兰之间其植株生长和繁殖特征均存在显著差异,从南到北各种群植株的生长发育特征均呈现出先升后降的趋势,符合从高温边缘区到适生区再到低温边缘区的分布格局规律.(2)在温室同质环境下不同地理种群紫茎泽兰之间除植株根冠比和种子发芽指数差异显著外(P＜0.05),植株生长繁殖的其他指标的差异均不显著,说明野外不同地理种群紫茎泽兰的生长繁殖特性差异基本还不具有遗传性,局域适应对紫茎泽兰入侵能力的影响还较小,而较强的表型可塑性对紫茎泽兰入侵能力可能起到主要作用,这可能与其入侵时间较短有关.表明在分布区边缘,紫茎泽兰仍具有较强的繁殖能力,将随着其生理抗性的适应性分化而具有更宽的入侵范围.     

Identification and quantification of actin isoforms in vertebrate cells and tissues

The cytoskeletal protein actin exists in vertebrates as six different isoforms, which are difficult to identify conclusively because of a high degree (greater than 90%) of overall sequence homology. We have used IEF immunoblotting in combination with a panel of isoform-specific and -selective antibodies to analyze the actin isoform composition of nine tissues from adult rat. In three nonmuscle tissues (lung, spleen, and testis), we detected a previously unreported isoform that we identified as smooth muscle alpha. The IEF immunoblot technique was also used to quantify the proportions of the isoforms expressed in these nine rat tissues.     

A novel metalloproteinase originally isolated from brain myelin membranes is present in many tissues.

A monoclonal antibody, CG4, was raised to a novel 60 kDa metalloproteinase purified from a bovine brain myelin glycoprotein fraction. Glycoproteins extracted from both myelin and nine different bovine tissues showed the 60 kDa CG4-immunoreactive band by immunoblotting in amounts that broadly paralleled enzymic activity of this metalloproteinase and varied relatively little among the tissues.     

The use of monoclonal antibodies for the species and tissues distribution of phospholamban

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against canine phospholamban. Two antibodies have been used in the study of phospholamban distribution in tissues, and in different animal species. The antibodies recognized the three different forms of phospholamban: non-phosphorylated, phosphorylated, and dissociated forms. A survey of nine rabbit tissues revealed that phospholamban is a cardiac muscle specific protein. Phospholamban from different mammalian hearts were found to be identical with respect to molecular weight and antigenicity.     

杂色山雀指名亚种繁殖期的鸣声行为

2012年3～7月,对辽宁仙人洞自然保护区9巢18只杂色山雀(Parus varius varius)个体及其雏鸟的鸣声进行了录音,共获取了9种类型鸣叫(呼唤、警戒、报警、恫吓、驱逐、惊叫、喂食、雏鸟乞食、集群)和5种类型鸣唱.通过语图分析得出音节类型18种,频率范围为800 ～18 900 Hz.对杂色山雀不同个体鸣声特征参数的比较发现,鸣声的句子和音节时长在不同个体之间存在显著性差异,而最高频率、最低频率在不同个体间均无显著性差异.本研究实现了对杂色山雀繁殖期鸣声参数的量化,有助于进一步研究其繁殖行为.     

Acid phosphatases: androgen dependent markers of rat prostate.

Our investigations on acid phosphatase (AP) were aimed at finding a biochemical assay marker for androgen actions in the rat prostrate. We quantitatively examined the effects of l-tartrate or formaldehyde on AP activity in tissue filtrates from nine adult male rat tissues, plasma and hemolysed red blood cells (HRBC). There was significant inhibition of AP activity in all instances with the exception of HRBC with tartrate. The prostate inhibition results were not different from those for seminal vesicles and adrenals but were different from the other tissues studied. Ten days following castration the inhibition by tartrate was less in all tissues studied except plasma and HRBC; the formaldehyde inhibition percentages were not altered.     

The expression of prophenoloxidase mRNA in red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, when it was challenged

The expression of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) gene was investigated in nine tissues of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, by real-time PCR after challenges by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), Aeromonas hydrophila and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The results can be summarized as follows: (i) the expression level of the proPO gene in haemocytes was highest among nine studied tissues before the challenge; (ii) the expression of proPO increased in all studied tissues after stimulation by CpG ODN and WSSV, and also increased in all tissues, except the ovary, after the A. hydrophila challenge; (iii) the whole expression profiles were different, suggesting that different immune mechanisms may exist for crayfish that are resistant to WSSV and A. hydrophila, although the expression in haemocytes was similar before and after the WSSV and A. hydrophila challenges.     

香蕉凝集素基因的克隆及在成熟果实中的特异性表达

采用RT-PCR的方法克隆香蕉凝集素(Bankc)基因,对其全序列进行了测定并与已发表的BanLec基因序列进行了比较。采用定量PCR的方法对该基因在果实成熟过程中和香蕉不同组织中的表达进行了研究,结果表明：BanLec基因的表达同时具有发育特异性和组织特异性,即仅在果实中表达,而且其表达量随果实成熟度的变化而变化。     

Structural Analysis of Nodule-Like Tissue on Rice Roots Collected from Wenzhou District of Zhejiang Province

Structural analysis of nodule-like tissues on rice roots collected from Wenzhou District of Zhejiang Province were conducted by using LM, SEM and TEM, and compared with that of nodules on leguminous plants. The observation showed the followings: During the stage of young rice shoots the bacteria were distributed in either dispersed or aggregated form in a few of the host cells of the nodule-like tissue, but the host cells showed their defence reaction to the bacteria, resulting in cytoplasmic agglutination and fibrillation, from which the fine structure of cytoplasm became undistinguishable, indicating the death of infected cells; during the booting or earing stage of rice, the surfaces of the nodule-like tissues were dark-brown with phellem matrial. In the exo-cortex there were no vascular tissue. In the endo-cortex the parenchyma cells were expanded and no bacteria were observed. In some of the nodule-like tissues the exo-and endo-cortical cells were basically lignified. It was clearly shown that there were gear wheel-like structures especially existing in the endo-cortical cells. Under the observations by LM, SEM, these structures were identified as coral-like balls of fibre-like material. In fact, they are spores of a kind of fungi with hyphae. Therefore, the nodule-like tissues on rice roots collected from Wenzhou District of Zhejiang Province are completely different from the genuine nodules on leguminous roots. In fact, they are calluses infected by bacteria and fungi.