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1.
黄娟娟  张钦威  舒晓晗  刘亚慧 《昆虫学报》2015,58(12):1300-1306
【目的】明确诱导植物抗性对植食性昆虫甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)及内寄生蜂斑痣悬茧蜂Meteorus pulchricornis(Wesmael)生长发育的影响。【方法】采用取食损伤、机械损伤及外源喷施3种浓度(0.01,0.1和1 mmol/L)茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)3种方式来诱导菜薹抗性,观察甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫及其寄生蜂斑痣悬茧蜂的发育表现。【结果】取食取食损伤和茉莉酸甲酯处理的菜薹后,甜菜夜蛾幼虫存活率显著降低,茉莉酸甲酯浓度与幼虫存活呈负相关;取食0.1 mmol/L Me JA处理的菜薹后,甜菜夜蛾幼虫体重显著低于清水对照。甜菜夜蛾取食取食损伤和0.1 mmol/L Me JA处理的菜薹,其寄生蜂斑痣悬茧蜂幼虫的死亡率显著增加,同时结茧率显著降低;0.1 mmol/L Me JA处理的菜薹使成蜂体重显著低于对照。不同处理间斑痣悬茧蜂的卵巢发育无明显差异,卵巢由8~10根卵巢管组成,羽化24 h后成熟卵数量为7~10个,成熟卵的长度和宽度分别为350和78μm。【结论】结果说明,取食损伤和茉莉酸甲酯处理诱导的菜薹反应会影响甜菜夜蛾的存活和大小,进而抑制斑痣悬茧蜂生长。  相似文献   

2.
胡留成  崔巍  汪霞  娄永根 《昆虫学报》2010,53(9):1001-1008
植物在受植食性昆虫为害时能产生防御反应,并且植物的茉莉酸信号转导途径在这一过程中发挥着重要作用。然而, 迄今为止对于油菜Brassica campestris的诱导防御反应很少有研究报道。为此, 本实验通过测定油菜内茉莉酸和胰蛋白酶抑制剂含量研究了油菜在斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫为害后的抗虫性和胰蛋白酶抑制剂含量的变化,并分析这些变化在油菜诱导抗虫性与茉莉酸信号转导途径中的关系。结果表明:斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食能导致油菜体内茉莉酸和胰蛋白酶抑制剂含量系统性上升,外用茉莉酸甲酯处理也能系统性增加油菜的胰蛋白酶抑制剂含量,并且取食茉莉酸甲酯处理或斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食过的叶片能显著降低斜纹夜蛾幼虫的体重,两者的体重分别为对照植株上的67.5%和60.2%。机械损伤加斜纹夜蛾幼虫口腔分泌物处理能引起处理叶中茉莉酸和胰蛋白酶抑制剂含量的增加,但其诱导效果与机械损伤加水没有显著差异,并且两者明显低于虫害的诱导效果,两种处理的茉莉酸和胰蛋白酶抑制剂含量分别为虫害诱导的68.4%和24.4%及62.9%和36.9%;多次连续机械损伤的诱导效果与一次损伤的没有明显差异。结果说明斜纹夜蛾幼虫诱导的油菜抗虫性与茉莉酸信号转导途径有关,而其激活油菜抗虫反应的机理则可能与其特定的取食行为相关。  相似文献   

3.
为明确植物的诱导抗性对西花蓟马体内酶活性的影响,通过西花蓟马取食、机械损伤、外源茉莉酸和水杨酸甲酯诱导处理菜豆植株,研究西花蓟马2龄若虫取食不同处理菜豆植株后,其体内多功能氧化酶(MFO)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(TChE)的变化。结果表明,西花蓟马2龄若虫取食不同处理的菜豆后,体内多功能氧化酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性变化相同,均是在24 h和36 h显著低于取食健康植株的。除取食茉莉酸处理的西花蓟马体内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性在24 h受到显著抑制外,西花蓟马若虫取食水杨酸甲酯、蓟马危害后体内的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性均高于对照,取食机械损伤处理的西花蓟马体内酶活性在不同取食时间下均与对照差异不显著。取食蓟马危害和茉莉酸处理的西花蓟马虫体羧酸酯酶活性在6 h和36 h均受到显著抑制,而取食机械损伤和水杨酸甲酯诱导的西花蓟马体内酶活性只有在36 h受到明显抑制。以上结果说明外源因子诱导的植物抗性能够干扰西花蓟马体内解毒机制,削弱了其对有毒次生物质的解毒代谢功能。  相似文献   

4.
叶损伤诱导兴安落叶松针叶中10种酚酸的变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
酚酸是一类重要次生抗虫物质.为研究损伤及昆虫取食诱导对兴安落叶松针叶内酚酸含量的影响,采用3种不同程度剪叶或落叶松毛虫幼虫取食处理兴安落叶松幼树,以高效液相色谱技术测定兴安落叶松健康针叶中酚酸含量.结果表明:与对照相比,处理后1d,剪叶或昆虫取食4枝50%针叶处理的兴安落叶松幼苗健康针叶中,除阿魏酸无显著差异外,苯甲酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸、水杨酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸、丁香酸和没食子酸9种酚酸均差异显著;4枝75%针叶处理的10种酚酸含量均发生显著变化.说明剪叶及虫害50%、75%针叶处理均达到诱导阈值,能显著诱导兴安落叶松化学防御.在损伤程度相同情况下,处理1d时,剪叶4枝50%、75%诱导的咖啡酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和没食子酸的含量显著高于虫害诱导处理;5d时,剪叶4枝50%、75%诱导处理的这5种酚酸含量显著低于虫害诱导处理;10d时,两种方法诱导的酚酸含量差异不显著.说明剪叶诱导处理的酚酸含量变化比昆虫取食处理迅速,且诱导强度与剪叶程度相关.采用适当处理诱导针叶中酚酸含量的变化来增强兴安落叶松对害虫的防御能力是可行的.  相似文献   

5.
不同诱导处理番茄植株对西花蓟马保护酶活性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了西花蓟马取食茉莉酸、水杨酸甲酯、机械损伤、虫伤处理诱导的番茄植株对其虫体保护酶活性的影响。研究发现,不同处理的番茄植株对西花蓟马过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)3种保护酶的活性有明显的影响。只有西花蓟马取食茉莉酸处理的番茄植株24 h,POD活性明显升高,取食其它处理及在其它时间下,POD活性与对照没有明显的变化或活性受到抑制。取食水杨酸甲酯处理的番茄植株6 h和24 h,西花蓟马CAT活性均受到激发;取食虫害植株的3个时间段下,西花蓟马酶活性一直受到抑制;西花蓟马取食茉莉酸处理及机械损伤处理番茄植株,CAT酶活性在任何时间下都没有明显的变化或受到抑制。取食水杨酸诱导处理的番茄植株,西花蓟马SOD活性在6 h和24 h明显升高,36 h明显下降;但取食其它处理的SOD酶活性均在36 h明显升高。结果说明西花蓟马3种保护酶活性在取食不同处理诱导的番茄植株的不同时间下各不相同,说明保护酶活性的变化与不同诱导处理及时间密切相关。  相似文献   

6.
剪叶及昆虫取食对兴安落叶松蛋白酶抑制剂的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
植物蛋白酶抑制剂是植物重要的防御物质之一。为了研究不同程度剪叶及昆虫取食诱导与兴安落叶松Larix gmelinii针叶内蛋白酶抑制剂活性变化的关系,分别以剪叶及落叶松毛虫Dendrolimus superans取食处理兴安落叶松幼苗,用紫外分光光度法测定不同处理后针叶内胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)和胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂(CI)活性变化。结果表明:落叶松毛虫取食及剪叶可诱导兴安落叶松产生系统性防御反应,处理后的1~20天,苗木针叶内TI和CI两种抑制剂活性产生显著变化,诱导产生的TI和CI的活性与损伤程度无显著相关性。相同损伤程度下,虫害诱导的TI活性高于剪叶损伤诱导的活性,但二者差异不显著;3种取食程度诱导的CI活性,只在第5天同时显著高于剪叶损伤诱导的抑制剂的活性。由此可见,可以通过适当的损伤处理取得与昆虫取食相似的植物抗性反应,这为林木病虫防治提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

7.
利用Y型嗅觉仪比较了西花蓟马雌成虫对健康、机械损伤、西花蓟马若虫为害、西花蓟马成虫为害、外源茉莉酸和水杨酸甲酯诱导的6种不同处理菜豆的行为反应差异,并测定了西花蓟马对8种挥发物标样在不同浓度下的行为反应。结果表明:西花蓟马对不同处理菜豆的反应不同,与干净空气相比,外源茉莉酸与水杨酸甲酯诱导的菜豆对西花蓟马有明显的驱避作用,而其他处理的菜豆与空气之间没有明显的差异;健康菜豆和机械损伤菜豆对西花蓟马的吸引作用明显高于其他处理的菜豆;在健康菜豆和机械损伤菜豆的组合中,西花蓟马并未表现出明显的偏好性;外源茉莉酸和水杨酸甲酯诱导处理的菜豆与其他处理的菜豆相比对西花蓟马均具有显著的驱避作用,但前者对西花蓟马的驱避作用明显弱于后者;8种挥发物单体(10-1~10-5μL·μL-1,浓度以10倍递减)对西花蓟马的行为反应显示,叶醇不论在何种浓度下始终对西花蓟马有明显的引诱作用,α-蒎烯、1-辛烯-3-醇、乙酸叶醇酯和异戊醇则是分别在10-2~10-5、10-4~10-5、10-4~10-5、10-3μL·μL-1时,才具有显著的引诱作用,叶醛、环戊醇和异戊醛分别在10-1~10-3、10-1~10-4、10-4μL·μL-1浓度下对西花蓟马具有强烈的排斥作用。  相似文献   

8.
利用Y型嗅觉仪研究南方小花蝽雌、雄成虫对6种不同处理菜豆以及8种挥发物标样在不同浓度下的行为反应。结果显示,不论与干净空气、健康菜豆还是机械损伤菜豆相比,南方小花蝽雌、雄成虫对西花蓟马成虫和若虫为害的菜豆均有明显的正趋性;与健康菜豆相比,外源茉莉酸与水杨酸甲酯处理的菜豆对南方小花蝽雌成虫没有明显的作用,但对雄成虫表现为明显的吸引作用。与机械损伤菜豆相比,外源茉莉酸与水杨酸甲酯处理的菜豆对南方小花蝽雌成虫有极强的吸引作用,但对雄成虫没有明显作用。在被测的8种挥发物单体不同浓度中,对南方小花蝽引诱作用最强的是浓度为10~(-1)μL/μL的乙酸叶醇酯、1-辛烯-3-醇、叶醛和浓度为10~(-3)μL/μL的1-辛烯-3-醇、叶醛,且雌成虫的选择率高于雄成虫。结果说明不同处理的菜豆叶片对南方小花蝽雌、雄成虫行为反应有明显的影响,挥发物单体的种类及相对浓度对南方小花蝽的影响也不同。  相似文献   

9.
外源化合物诱导后小麦对麦长管蚜和粘虫的抗虫性研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
喷施外源化合物和昆虫取食均可诱导小麦的防御反应,如挥发物组成发生改变、某些次生物质含量增加或减少,进而影响昆虫和天敌的行为反应。本实验中小麦苗经茉莉酸或几丁质喷施诱导,可显著提高小麦中丁布的含量,但茉莉酸甲酯的诱导作用不明显。喷施茉莉酸及麦长管蚜或粘虫取食诱导小麦,会导致小麦挥发物的种类及含量与对照相比有显著不同,3种处理间小麦的挥发物也存在显著差异。用经茉莉酸处理的麦苗饲养麦长管蚜和粘虫,可显著抑制二者的生长发育速度,使体重减轻,并导致麦长管蚜繁殖力下降。经茉莉酸处理的麦苗的挥发物对粘虫寄生蜂有吸引作用,表明茉莉酸在诱导小麦产生直接抗虫性的同时,还能诱导其释放吸引天敌的挥发性化合物从而产生间接抗性。  相似文献   

10.
为探讨外源茉莉酸对青杨Populus cathayana的诱导抗性及其对舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar的影响, 室内对青杨扦插苗喷施不同浓度的茉莉酸(对照为0.17%丙酮), 分别在喷施后1, 5和10 d采集叶片分析其保护性酶活性的变化, 并接舞毒蛾幼虫于青杨苗木上观测其长发育情况。结果表明: 0.1 和0.001 mmol/L两种浓度的茉莉酸(JA)处理均使青杨叶过氧化物酶(POD)、 多酚氧化酶(PPO)、 苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、 胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂(CI)和胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)活性较对照增加(P<0.05)。取食茉莉酸诱导的青杨苗木后, 舞毒蛾幼虫的发育历期延长, 体重降低。0.1 mmol/L茉莉酸诱导的青杨苗木5 d后接虫, 使舞毒蛾幼虫的发育历期显著延长, 较对照长8 d; 接虫21 d后称重时, 取食茉莉酸诱导的青杨叶片的幼虫体重较对照组降低了50%~100%, 该结果说明外源茉莉酸诱导青杨产生了对舞毒蛾明显的抗虫性。  相似文献   

11.
【目的】探讨菜豆对昆虫取食防御反应的生化机制。【方法】研究了西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis取食、机械损伤以及外源水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)和茉莉酸(JA)处理后菜豆叶片防御酶活性的变化。【结果】西花蓟马取食、机械损伤及MeSA和JA处理均能明显提高过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,前2种处理POD活性在72 h上升到最高峰,而后2种处理则在48 h达到最高峰。蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)活性在西花蓟马取食后升高最明显。JA途径关键酶脂氧合酶(LOX)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性在西花蓟马取食、机械损伤和JA诱导处理均升高,但外源MeSA诱导处理则不能诱导它们的活性(P>0.05)。SA途径的关键酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)在西花蓟马取食和机械损伤后均有一个先升高后下降的过程,外源MeSA诱导只在24 h引起PAL活性升高,其余时间下和对照没有明显的区别,外源JA诱导未能引起PAL活性的显著变化(P>0.05)。西花蓟马取食、JA和MeSA诱导以及机械损伤均能诱导β-1,3 葡聚糖酶(PR-2)活性上升(P<0.05)。【结论】结果说明,不同处理可诱导菜豆植株产生明显的防御反应,但酶活性的变化与处理方式和处理时间有关。  相似文献   

12.
【目的】化学激发子具有毒性低、不易产生抗药性等特点,因此开发基于化学激发子的害虫防控技术,能够降低农药的使用量,促进农业生产的可持续发展。本研究旨在筛选能够诱导水稻产生对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens抗性的化学激发子。【方法】将茉莉酸(JA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、水杨酸(SA)、水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)、油菜素内酯(BR)、苯甲酸苄酯(BB)、独脚金内酯(SLs)、萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)、草酸钠(SO)、硅酸钾(PS)和叶枯唑(Bis)12种化合物以根吸或叶鞘涂抹处理水稻,测定这些化合物处理水稻后褐飞虱的卵孵化率和24 h总产卵量。【结果】12种候选化合物中,仅茉莉酸甲酯、油菜素内酯和苯甲酸苄酯对褐飞虱卵孵化率和24 h总产卵量有显著影响。5 mg/L MeJA根吸处理水稻使褐飞虱的卵孵化率显著降低(达58.8%,降低了20.1%),而0.5 mg MeJA叶鞘涂抹处理水稻同时降低了褐飞虱的卵孵化率(达53.3%,降低了35.4%)和24 h总产卵量(达203.5粒/株,降低了15.6%),且其涂抹的浓度越高,褐飞虱的卵孵化率和24 h总产卵量越低。5 mg/L BR根吸处理水稻可以显著降低褐飞虱的卵孵化率(达59.5%,降低了22.1%),但是不影响褐飞虱的24 h总产卵量;褐飞虱的卵孵化率随BR处理浓度增高而降低,其浓度为20 mg/L时,褐飞虱的卵孵化率下降了41.8%。5 mg/L BB根吸处理水稻可以显著降低褐飞虱的24 h总产卵量(达100.3粒/株,降低了26.2%)。体外试验结果表明,MeJA和BR处理对褐飞虱卵孵化率无明显影响,说明两者对褐飞虱卵无直接毒害作用。【结论】化合物茉莉酸甲酯、油菜素内酯和苯甲酸苄酯可以提高水稻对褐飞虱的抗性,其中茉莉酸甲酯和油菜素内酯具有化学激发子的作用。  相似文献   

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Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) have both been implicated as important signal molecules mediating induced defenses of Nicotiana tabacum L. against herbivores and pathogens. Since the application of SA to a wound site can inhibit both wound-induced JA and a defense response that it elicits, namely nicotine production, we determined if tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inoculation, with its associated endogenous systemic increase in SA, reduces a plant's ability to increase JA and nicotine levels in response to mechanical damage, and evaluated the consequences of these interactions for the amount of tissue removed by a nicotine-tolerant herbivore, Manduca sexta. Additionally, we determined whether the release of volatile methyl salicylic acid (MeSA) from inoculated plants can reduce wound-induced JA and nicotine responses in uninoculated plants sharing the same chamber. The TMV-inoculated plants, though capable of inducing nicotine normally in response to methyl jasmonate applications, had attenuated wound-induced JA and nicotine responses. Moreover, larvae consumed 1.7- to 2.7-times more leaf tissue from TMV-inoculated plants than from mock-inoculated plants. Uninoculated plants growing in chambers downwind of either TMV-inoculated plants or vials releasing MeSA at 83- to 643-times the amount TMV-inoculated plants release, exhibited normal wound-induced responses. We conclude that tobacco plants, when inoculated with TMV, are unable to elicit normal wound responses, due likely to the inhibition of JA production by the systemic increase in SA induced by virus-inoculation. The release of volatile MeSA from inoculated plants is not sufficient to influence the wound-induced responses of neighboring plants. Received: 6 January 1999 / Accepted: 11 January 1999  相似文献   

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Lipoxygenases (LOXs) catalyze the formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides involved in responses to stresses. This study examines the expression of a non-traditional dual positional specific maize LOX in response to wounding or methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Full-length maize LOX cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli, and recombinant LOX was purified and characterized enzymatically. RP-HPLC and GC-MS analysis showed that the purified LOX converts alpha-linolenic acid into 13-hydroperoxylinolenic acid and 9-hydroperoxylinolenic acid in a 6:4 ratio. LOX mRNA accumulated rapidly and transiently in response to wounding reaching a peak of expression about 3 h after wounding. This increase followed an initial increase in endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) 1 h after wounding (JA burst). However, the expression of LOX induced by MeJA lasted longer than the expression induced by wounding, and the MeJA-induced expression seemed to be biphasic pattern composed of early and late phases. The expression of LOX in the presence of inhibitors of JA biosynthesis was not completely inhibited, but delayed in wound response and the expression period was shortened in MeJA response. These results suggest that wound-responsive JA burst may trigger the early phase of LOX expression which facilitates biosynthesis of endogenous JA through its 13-LOX activity, and subsequently leads to the activation of the late phase LOX expression in MeJA-treated maize seedlings. Implications of dual positional specificity of maize LOX in the observed expression kinetics are discussed.  相似文献   

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Cutting leaves of Romaine lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Longifolia) produces a wound signal that induces the synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in cells up to 2 cm from the site of injury, and tissue browning near the site of injury. The response of leaves within a head of Romaine lettuce to putative chemical wound signals [abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonate (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)] differed significantly with leaf age. Exposure of harvested heads of lettuce to ABA, JA, MeJA, or salicylic acid (SA) did not induce changes in PAL activity, the concentration of phenolic compounds or browning in mature leaf tissue that was similar to the level induced by wounding. Methyl jasmonate applied as vapour (10, 100 or 1000 µl kg−1 FW), or as an aqueous spray or dip (0.01–100 µ M ) at 5 or 10°C did not produce an effect on PAL activity or browning that differed significantly from the untreated controls. In contrast, JA, MeJA and SA did induce elevated levels of PAL activity in younger leaves. However, the levels induced were far lower than those induced by wounding. Wound induced phenolic metabolism in mature leaves appears to be induced by different signals than those functioning in young leaves.  相似文献   

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The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the anthocyanin accumulation, endogenous titres of polyamines and ethylene production in callus cultures of Daucus carota were studied. The interaction of these signaling molecules with elicitors from Aspergillus niger was investigated and the involvement of MeJA was elucidated through the use of the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic inhibitor ibuprofen. MeJA and SA were both found to stimulate the anthocyanin production in the callus cultures. The highest levels of anthocyanin was observed in the cultures treated with 200 μM SA 0.36 % and 0.01 μM MeJA 0.37 %. The MeJA and SA treatments were also found to result in higher activity of Ca2+ ATPase suggesting that the enhancement of anthocyanin by SA and MeJA could be mediated through the involvement of the calcium channel. The treatment of the callus cultures with SA was found to result in marginally higher titres of endogenous polyamines (PAs) whereas MeJA resulted in lower levels of PAs as compared to the control. The SA treatment was found to result in lower ethylene production and the treatment with MeJA stimulated the ethylene production. These results suggest that the stimulation of anthocyanin production by MeJA and SA in callus cultures of D. carota is not related to the ethylene production.  相似文献   

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