叉子圆柏上的胶锈菌一新种

描述了采自新疆哈密叉子圆柏Sabina vulgaris上的胶锈菌属一新种,即天山胶锈菌Gymnosporangium tianschanicum。此种因产生夏孢子阶段和单胞冬孢子（少量混生于夏孢子堆中）而不同于胶锈菌属的其它已知种。     

Corydalis hirtipes B.U. Oh et J.G. Kim: A new species ofCorydalis sectCorydalis (Fumariaceae) from Korea

Here we describe a new species ofCorydalis sectCorydalis (Fumariaceae), namely C.hirtipes B.U. Oh et J.G. Kim. This species, from the central part of Korea, is clearly distinguished from other species of sectCorydalis by its simple, unicellular hairs that are densely distributed on the stems, peduncles, and petioles. It is also distinctive from its close relative C.albipetala in having ternate leaves, lobate or parted leaflets, dentate or cleft bracts, and broad, fusiform fruits.     

The association between the phytoplankton, Rhopalosolen species (Chlorophyta; Chlorophyceae), and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (Diptera: Culicidae) larval abundance in western Kenya

Algae are important food resources of the larvae of the African malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae Giles and Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Anopheles gambiae sensu lato), and other zooplankton, but empirical evidence remains meager about the agal flora in ephemeral water bodies. The animals present in natural aquatic habitats in western Kenya were sampled from July to November 2002 to study abiotic and biotic environmental factors determining A. gambiae sl larval abundance. The five highest concentrations of third and fourth instars and pupae (hereafter referred to as old-stage larvae) were sampled in conjunction with the unicellular epizoic green algae, Rhopalosolen species (Chlorophyta; Chlorophyceae). Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the presence of Rhopalosolen species was the most important determinant of the animal assemblage. The density of old-stage A. gambiae sl larvae was positively correlated with the presence of Rhopalosolen species, but the density of first and second instars of A. gambiae sl was not. The water bodies with Rhopalosolen sp. yielded larger mosquitoes in spite of the higher density of larvae. We demonstrated that the productivity of water bodies in terms of the larvae of malaria vectors can differ in magnitude depending on the agal flora. We discuss phytoplankton as a regulator of mosquito larval populations.     

叉子圆柏上的胶锈菌一新种

描述了采自新疆哈密叉子圆柏Sabina vulgaris上的胶锈菌属一新种,即天山胶锈菌Gymnosporangium tianschanicum.此种因产生夏孢子阶段和单胞冬孢子(少量混生于夏孢子堆中)而不同于胶锈菌属的其它已知种.     

Molecular variation in Galdieria sulphuraria (Galdieri) Merola and its bearing on taxonomy

Cyanidium caldarium, Cyanidioschyzon merolae and Galdieria sulphuraria are three unicellular algae characteristic, of acid thermal environments. Recently, on the basis of morphological characters, three new species of Galdieria (G. partita, G. daedala, G. maxima ) isolated from acid-thermal springs in Russia have been instituted. A selected region of rbcL and the sequence of the intergenic spacer between the rbcL and rbcS have been amplified and sequenced from different Galdieria species and strains, in order to define molecular relationship among these interesting algae. The obtained cladogram shows that Cyanidium caldarium and Cyanidioschyzon merolae form a sister group which, in turn, is in a sister group relationship with Galdieria. This last genus is divided in two clades, one of which includes G. sulphuraria accessions from Naples (Italy), California, and Yellowstone and the other one includes G. sulphuraria accessions from Java (Indonesia) and from the Russian species. These results support the status of the genus Galdieria and suggest that G. daedala, G. maxima and G. partita are three very similar strains of G. sulphuraria; the rbcL variation within Galdieria accessions has a pattern which is broadly connected to the geographial distribution. The data obtained from the intergenic rbcL-rbcS spacer partly confirm those from the rbcL analysis.     

New observations onPorphyridium griseum Geitler =Rhodella grisea (Geitler) comb. nova (Porphyridiales,Rhodophyceae)

The rare unicellular rhodophytePorphyridium griseum has been collected and isolated from basins, fed with thermal water, in Piestany, Czechoslovakia. This is the first report ofP. griseum sinceGeitler's find in the Neusiedler See, Austria. Ultrastructural investigations of the new strain demonstrate thatP. griseum belongs to the closely related genusRhodella. Comparison with current species ofRhodella and pigment analyses show thatP. griseum is identical to the marineR. reticulata and a new combination,Rhodella grisea (Geitler) comb. nov., is proposed to include both organisms.Dedicated to Prof. DrLothar Geitler on the occasion of his 90th birthday.     

Synopsis ofVerbesina sect.Ochractinia (Asteraceae)

A taxonomic revision ofVerbesina sect.Ochractinia is presented. 40 species plus 7 additional infraspecific taxa are recognized. A table of the distribution of the species, key to the species and synonymy are included. Relationships to other sections ofVerbesina and species relationships within sect.Ochractinia are discussed.     

Cell shape in the algaPediastrum (Hydrodictyaceae; Chlorophyta)

Summary Species ofPediastrum, a genus in which the colonies assemble from aggregating zoospores, differ in the number and form of prongs on peripheral cells and the amount of space between cells of the colony; cell shape appears to be genetically based. Peripheral cells of theP. boryanum colony, for example, have two prongs per cell;P. simplex has one prong per cell. Prong extension is suppressed in the interior cells ofP. boryanum, but prong sites have been reported in scanning electron micrographs of the cell walls. A mutant unicellular strain in which cells of the colony separate after attaining typical form reveals several prong sites (6 or more) in each cell. Multiple suppressed prong sites are evident inP. simplex cells as well. Polyeders, 4- and 5-pronged unicells, occur in the life cycle ofP. simplex. Based on these observations and a recent report byMarchant (1979) of a microtubule organizing center associated with the prongs, it is suggested that several microtubule organizing centers are to be found in zoospores ofPediastrum species and may be related to species differences in cell shape.Research supported in part by Argonne Center for Educational Affairs, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38.     

Serial reconstruction of the mitochondrial reticulum in the coccolithophorid,Pleurochrysis carterae (Prymnesiophyceae)

Summary A serial reconstruction of the chondriome ofPleurochrysis carterae (Braarudet Fagerland) Christensen has revealed a single, reticulated mitochondrion branching throughout the cell. The occurrence of a single mitochondrion in unicellular algae is briefly reviewed and its phylogenetic significance is discussed.     

Hair anatomy inPlantago subg.Psyllium (Plantaginaceae)

The hairs of seven representatives ofPlantago L. subg.Psyllium were studied. Three types of headless hairs and three types of headed hairs were observed. Clavate hairs and hairs with several-celled stalk and unicellular head are characteristic of subg.Psyllium and provide evidence for the distinctness of this taxon. Based on our studies it can be assumed thatRahn's idea of enlarging subg.Psyllium by six sections from subg.Plantago sensuPilger is incorrect.     

Glandular trichomes and essential oil constituents ofCalamintha menthifolia (Lamiaceae)

Plant material ofCalamintha menthifolia was collected from two populations grown in the Vikos-Aoos area (NW. Greece). The structure and ontogeny of the glandular trichomes and the chemical composition of the secreted essential oil were studied. The leaves ofC. menthifolia have numerous glandular trichomes of three morphological distinct types: 1) glandular scales with a unicellular foot and stalk, and a 12-celled head, 2) glandular hairs with a unicellular foot and stalk, and a unicellular pear-shaped head and 3) glandular hairs with a unicellular foot, a bicellular stalk and a unicellular elongated head. Qualitative and quantitative GC-MS analyses of the essential oils revealed piperitone oxide as the main constituent in both populations. In the light of these results the relationships beweenC. menthifolia and other members of theSatureja group as well as its taxonomy are discussed.     

Pandanicola graminella comb. nov. fromFestuca filiformis in the Canary Islands, West Africa

Anthostomella graminella has been re-examined and ascomata were found to be immersed beneath a clypeus. Asci were unitunicate, broad cylindrical, and lacked an apical apparatus, while ascospores were inequilaterally ellipsoidal, 1–2 seriate, brown to light brown and unicellular, with bipolar germ pores. Based on these characters,A. graminella is transferred toPandanicola. An illustration of this species and a tabulated comparison of this species withPandanicola calocarpa is given.     

The genusIschnea (Asteraceae,Senecioneae) in New Guinea

The endemic New Guinean genusIschnea F. Muell. (Asteraceae, Senecioneae, Blennospermatinae) is revised and four species are recognized. Characters of special interest are tubeless ray florets, male disc florets, and secretory spaces in leaves. A principal component analysis is made on theIschnea elachoglossa F. Muell. complex which shows great variation. One new species,I. capellana Swenson, from the Star Mountains, is described. A key, illustrations, and distribution maps to all species are supplied.     

Comparative floral ontogeny of Maesa (Maesaceae), Aegiceras (Myrsinaceae) and Embelia (Myrsinaceae): taxonomic and phylogenetic implications

The comparative floral ontogeny of five species belonging to the primuloid clade of the Ericales are investigated, viz. Maesa japonica, M. perlarius, Aegiceras corniculatum, Embelia laeta and E. ribes. All five species basically show 2/5-spiral phyllotaxis of the sepal primordia, although with some minor modification (particularly in Embelia, where the flowers are predominantly tetramerous). The phyllotaxis of the common petal-stamen primordia is also 2/5-spiral in the Maesa and Aegiceras species investigated, but appears to be unidirectional in Embelia. All five species develop common petal-stamen primordia in which the resultant petal primordia are larger than the stamen primordia, and in which the stamens develop proximally on the adaxial flank of the common primordia. Growth of the placenta in Maesa and Aegiceras partially embeds the ovules, but in Embelia the ovules are almost fully immersed in placental tissue at maturity. A comprehensive review of all previously published studies of floral ontogeny of primuloid genera is presented, and the phylogenetic significance of the variation between genera is evaluated with reference to recently published cladograms.     

Additions to the genusXenidiocercus (coelomycetes) from Ghana

Two new species of the coelomycete genusXenidiocercus are described and illustrated,X. macrospora on leaves ofMacaranga rowlandii andX. pyriformis on leaves ofM. huraefolia. They differ from the type species in having wider and ellipsoidal or pyriform conidia. A key to species ofXenidiocercus andIdiocercus is provided.     

Heterostyly in species ofNarcissus (Amaryllidaceae) andHugonia (Linaceae) and other disputed cases

The hypothesis ofHenriques andFernandes that several Iberian species ofNarcissus (Amaryllidaceae) are tristylous is reconsidered. Contrary to the opinion ofBateman and most subsequent authors, we believe that the available evidence indicates that some populations ofN. triandrus andN. fernandesii, at least, are tristylous; other populations ofN. triandrus are distylous.Hugonia cf.penicillanthemum (Linaceae) from new Caledonia is distylous, but it remains possible that other species ofHugonia are tristylous. The disputed occurrence of heterostyly in S. African species ofBauhinia (Leguminosae),Cleome (Capparaceae) andAneilema (Commelinaceae), and inAgelaea (Connaraceae) is discussed.     

A phylogeny of Cariniana (Lecythidaceae) based on morphological and anatomical data

Cariniana as previously circumscribed is a genus of 16 species restricted to neotropical forest habitats on well-drained sites. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus based on 33 morphological and anatomical characters was undertaken. The results show that Cariniana consists of two clades: the Allantoma/Cariniana decandra clade includes Allantoma lineata and seven species of actinomorphic-flowered Cariniana and is characterized by 5-merous flowers, carnose petals, incurved petal apex, scarcely lobed calyces, eucamptodromous secondary veins, dichotomizing venation, and poorly developed areolation; the C. legalis clade is made up of nine species and is characterized by an obliquely zygomorphic androecium, reticulate tertiary venation, and anomocytic stomata. The actinomorphic-flowered Cariniana are more closely related to the monotypic Allantoma lineata than they are to the species of the C. legalis clade. In order to reflect these relationships, Cariniana is divided into two genera: species in the C. legalis clade, which includes the generic type C. legalis, remain as Cariniana while species of Cariniana in the Allantoma/Cariniana decandra clade are transferred to Allantoma. The following new combinations are proposed: Allantoma decandra, A. integrifolia, A. kuhlmannii, A. pluriflora (a nomen novum for Cariniana multiflora because Allantoma multiflora is a synonym of Couratari multiflora), A. pachyantha, A. pauciramosa, and A. uaupensis.     

A cladistic analysis ofAnisopappus (Asteraceae: Inuleae)

A cladistic analysis of the genusAnisopappus (Asteraceae: Inuleae) has been undertaken. A hypothesis of species interrelationships in the genus is presented for the first time. The analysis also includedArctotis (Arctoteae), used as outgroup, and five additional genera from theInuleae: Geigeria, Calostephane, Asteriscus, Buphthalmum, Pulicaria, andInula. It is concluded thatAnisopappus is a monophyletic group situated at the base of the tribe, diagnosed by, e.g., their obtuse stylar sweeping-hairs. The species with acute sweeping-hairs were found to be derived within the genus. Problems concerning species delimitation, biogeography and character evolution in the genus are briefly discussed.     

Studies in the embryology ofHeliantheae (Compositae)

The embryology ofLagascea mollis, Zinnia angustifolia andGalinsoga parviflora has been studied. The anther archesporium is hypodermal and consists of a single row of 6–8 cells, there are two layers below the epidermis of the anther and a periplasmodial tapetum. Ripe pollen grains are tricolpate and 3-celled. The ovary contains a single ovule, but in a few cases ofGalinsoga parviflora two ovules have been found. The female archesporium is unicellular, but sometimes more than one archesporial cell occurs inLagascea mollis andZinnia angustifolia. The embryo sac development is of the Polygonum type, the synergids are hooked, antipodal cells show great variation. The endosperm development is cellular inGalinsoga parviflora and peripheral layer persists in the mature seed. The embryo development conforms to the Senecio variation of the Asterad type. The pericarp structure and cmbryological features support the disputed systematic position ofLagascea withinHeliantheae. Part of a Ph.D. thesis, accepted at Andhra University.     

New species ofAcremonium, Cylindrocarpon andVerticillium from soil in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Japan

Three new soil fungi from the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Japan are described:Acremonium macroclavatum, characterized by large clavate guttulate conidia;Cylindrocarpon boninense, characterized by 3–7-septate clavate macroconidia, terminal or intercalary chlamydospores, rarely produced unicellular clavate microconidia; andVerticillium hahajimaense, characterized by conidial heads bearing cylindrical conidia, and catenulate chlamydospores.