耐放射异常球菌海藻糖合成酶基因的克隆及功能鉴定

利用生物信息学手段,在GenBank中进行氨基酸序列的同源性比较分析,检索到来自于耐放射异常球菌（Deinococcus radiodurans）基因组序列中一功能未确定的开放阅读框（ORF）,其氨基酸序列和已报道的海藻糖合成酶的氨基酸序列有约60％的同源性.将这段ORF克隆到大肠杆菌进行表达,并进行功能鉴定.实验表明这段ORF序列所编码的是一种海藻糖合成酶,它能将麦芽糖分子转化成海藻糖分子,以30％的麦芽糖为底物时能将约65％的麦芽糖转化成海藻糖.重组酶性质初步研究表明,在pH 7.0,最佳温度30℃转化麦芽糖效率最高.     

啤酒酵母AS2.1416海藻糖合成酶基因tps1的cDNA克隆及序列分析

海藻糖 (Ｔｒｅｈａｌｏｓｅ,α ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ α 1,1 Ｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａ ｎｏｓｅ)是一种非还原性二糖 ,广泛存在于藻类、细菌、昆虫、无脊椎动物及酵母等许多生物体内。海藻糖除了作为一种储存性碳源外 ,业已被证明在许多逆境 ,诸如高温、高盐、干旱、重金属离子污染、冷冻、辐射等情况下 ,可以有效地保护生物的细胞膜、蛋白质及核酸[1～ 6] 。海藻糖合成酶为一多酶体系。在酵母细胞中 ,其合成分为两步进行。第一步 ,在 6 磷酸海藻糖合成酶 (Ｔｐｓ1)的作用下 ,由ＵＤＰ 葡萄糖和葡萄糖 6 磷酸合成海藻糖 6 磷酸 …     

昆虫海藻糖及其合成酶基因的特性与功能研究进展

海藻糖广泛存在于细菌、真菌、昆虫、无脊椎动物和植物等大量生物中。它不仅可以作为昆虫的能量来源,而且在抗逆等方面起着重要作用。海藻糖合成酶(Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase,TPS)是海藻糖合成过程中的一个关键酶。目前细菌、真菌和植物中都已经被发现和克隆,但其不存在于哺乳动物中。海藻糖是昆虫的\"血糖\",主要通过海藻糖合成酶和海藻糖-6-磷酸脂酶(Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase,TPP)在脂肪体中催化合成。TPS基因所编码的蛋白序列一般都包含两个保守的结构域:TPS和TPP,分别对应着酵母中的Ots A和Ots B基因。昆虫海藻糖合成酶的基因表达和酶活性的变化与昆虫的多项生理过程有着密切的关系,海藻糖合成酶有可能成为控制害虫的新靶标。     

垫状卷柏海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶基因的克隆及功能分析

海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶(Trehalose-6-phosphate synthse, TPS)是植物海藻糖合成途径的关键酶, 在旱生卷柏等复苏植物对逆境胁迫应答中起重要作用。文章以我国特有旱生植物垫状卷柏(Selaginella pulvinata)为材料, 采用同源扩增与RACE技术相结合的方法克隆了海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶基因SpTPS1, cDNA全长3 223 bp, 包括一个2 790 bp的开放阅读框, 推导的氨基酸序列与模式物种的海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶具有较高的序列相似性, 催化活性中心保守位点基本一致。酵母功能互补实验证明, 用SpTPS1基因开放阅读框转化的海藻糖合成酶基因突变(tps1△)酵母菌株, 可恢复在以葡萄糖作为唯一碳源培养基上的生长, 说明垫状卷柏海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶基因SpTPS1的编码蛋白具有生物活性, 可应用于植物抗逆性的转基因改良。     

不同来源的谷氨酸棒杆菌氨基脱氧分支酸合成酶的活性分析

分别以高产L-丝氨酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)SYPS-062与模式菌株谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC 13032的基因组DNA为模板,运用PCR技术扩增出氨基脱氧分支酸合成酶(ADC synthase)的编码基因pabAB。实验结果表明：来源于SYPS-062和ATCC 13032的pabAB片段全长均为1863bp,编码620个氨基酸。两片段存在16个碱基的差异,引起了7个氨基酸的突变。将pabAB连接表达载体pET-28a(+),构建表达质粒pET-28a-pabAB,并转化E.coli BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下,E.coli BL21(DE3)(pET-28a-pabAB)高效表达分子量约为67kDa的可溶性蛋白。表达产物带有His-tag标记,选用Ni柱对表达产物进行纯化,纯化后酶活测定结果表明,来源于SYPS-062氨基脱氧分支酸合成酶的比酶活低于ATCC 13032达46.6%。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌基因编辑的研究进展

谷氨酸棒杆菌是生产氨基酸、有机酸等的重要菌株,广泛应用于食品、医药领域。利用基因编辑技术对谷氨酸棒杆菌进行基因功能研究,在提高目的产物产量、发现新的基因功能等方面有重要意义。近年来,基因编辑技术发展日新月异,从基于同源重组的传统基因编辑技术到以人工核酸酶介导的基因编辑均在谷氨酸棒杆菌中得到合理应用。其中,CRISPR技术以其快速、简便、编辑效率高等优点成为现阶段研究者用于改造谷氨酸棒杆菌的主要技术,但是更为简单、高效的编辑手段依旧需要进一步研究开发,以获得优良菌株应用于工业生产中。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌YILW苏氨酸脱水酶基因的克隆表达及酶学性质

将L-异亮氨酸生产菌谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum YILW)苏氨酸脱水酶(threonine de-hydratase,TD)的编码基因ilvA在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达及进行初步的酶学性质研究。分别以C.glutamicum ATCC13032、YILW的基因组DNA为模板,利用PCR技术扩增出苏氨酸脱水酶的编码基因ilvA,测序获得编码序列。利用质粒PET-His将该基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行重组表达、金属螯合纯化,对其酶学性质进行初步研究。结果显示C.glutamicum YILW编码基因序列与已报道的ilvA序列相差5个碱基,相似度为99.6%,第383位氨基酸由苯丙氨酸突变为缬氨酸。酶学性质研究表明:重组酶YilwTD最适反应温度为32℃,在20~55℃范围内该酶较稳定,最适pH为6.7,该酶底物专一性强,对最适底物苏氨酸的米氏常数Km=8.32 mmol/L,最大反应速度Vmax=3.18×104U/mg,与野生型酶相比,突变(F383V)后可显著降低终产物对酶的反馈抑制作用。为揭示突变对苏氨酸脱水酶活性的影响及进一步利用基因工程技术改造L-异亮氨酸生产菌,提高L-异亮氨酸产量奠定了基础。     

北京棒杆菌邻氨基苯甲酸合成酶基因的克隆、序列分析及表达

以北京棒杆菌(Corynebacterium pekinense)野生株AS1.299和突变株PD-67的基因组为模板,用PCR方法扩增了邻氨基苯甲酸合成酶(AS)基因(trpEG)片段和前端控制序列。核酸序列分析结果表明,该片段全长3374bp,包含3个ORF,推测分别为前导肽基因trpL、AS componentⅠ基因trpE和AS componentⅡ基因trpG。C.pekinense野生株AS1.299与突变株PD-67相比较,trpL基因完全一样;trpE基因有6个碱基的突变,导致了5个氨基酸残基的改变;trpG基因有1个碱基的突变,导致了1个氨基酸残基的改变;同时它们在-35序列处还有一个A→G的突变。通过同源性比较发现,C.pekinense AS1.299与Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032和Brevibacterium lactofermentum的亲缘关系是很近的。trpL基因上游存在启动子区域,并能被Escherichiacoli的RNA聚合酶所识别,实现异源互补。野生型和突变型AS基因在C.pekinense AS1.299和PD-67中都得到表达,并且重组菌相对于宿主菌的酶活都有了很大提高。摇瓶发酵实验结果表明,带有突变型AS基因的PD-67重组菌生长比较慢,稳定期比PD-67推迟24h,但产生的L-色氨酸比PD-67高22.39%。     

Characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Corynebacterium glutamicum

Abstract Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase is present in crude extracts of Corynebacterium glutamicum grown on both glucose and lactate. Preparation of PEP carboxykinase free from interfering PEP carboxylase and oxaloacetate decarboxylase showed an absolute dependence on divalent manganese and IDP for activity in the oxaloacetate (OAA) formation. Other diphosphate nucleotides could not substitute for IDP. The enzyme activity displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the substrates PEP, IDP, KHCO₃, OAA and ITP with a K _m of 0.7 mM, 0.4 mM, 12 mM, 1.0 mM, and 0.5 mM, respectively. At the optimum pH of 6.6, 850 nmol of OAA were formed per min per mg of protein. ATP inhibited PEP carboxykinase in the OAA forming reaction for 60% at 0.1 mM, indicating that the enzyme mainly functions in gluconeogenesis.     

The cloning and nucleotide sequence of a Corynebacterium glutamicum 3-deoxy-d- arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase gene

Abstract The aro gene of Corynebacterium glutamucum CCRC 18310 encoding 3-deoxy- d -arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase was isolated by complementation of a DAHP synthase-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli AB3257. The specific activity of DAHP synthase was increased four-fold in a C. glutamicum strain harboring the cloned aro gene. The complete nucleotide sequence of the aro gene and 5' and 3' flanking regions has been determined. The sequence contained an open reading frame of 368 codons, from which a protein with a molecular mass of 39 340 Da could be predicted. The deduced amino acid sequence shows high identity with the aro gene products of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium .     

Structure of a GTP-dependent bacterial PEP-carboxykinase from Corynebacterium glutamicum

GTP-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) is the key enzyme that controls the blood glucose level during fasting in higher animals. Here we report the first substrate-free structure of a GTP-dependent phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase from a bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgPCK). The protein crystallizes in space group P2₁ with four molecules per asymmetric unit. The 2.3 Å resolution structure was solved by molecular replacement using the human cytosolic PCK (hcPCK) structure (PDB ID: 1KHF) as the starting model. The four molecules in the asymmetric unit pack as two dimers, and is an artifact of crystal packing. However, the P-loop and the guanine binding loop of the substrate-free CgPCK structure have different conformations from the other published GTP-specific PCK structures, which all have bound substrates and/or metal ions. It appears that a change in the P-loop and guanine binding loop conformation is necessary for substrate binding in GTP-specific PCKs, as opposed to overall domain movement in ATP-specific PCKs.     

Purification and Characterization of Fumarase from Corynebacterium glutamicum

Fumarase (EC 4.2.1.2) from Corynebacterium glutamicum (Brevibacterium flavum) ATCC 14067 was purified to homogeneity. Its amino-terminal sequence (residues 1 to 30) corresponded to the sequence (residues 6 to 35) of the deduced product of the fumarase gene of C. glutamicum (GenBank accession no. BAB98403). The molecular mass of the native enzyme was 200 kDa. The protein was a homotetramer, with a 50-kDa subunit molecular mass. The homotetrameric and stable properties indicated that the enzyme belongs to a family of Class II fumarase. Equilibrium constants (K _eq) for the enzyme reaction were determined at pH 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0, resulting in K _eq=6.4, 6.1, and 4.6 respectively in phosphate buffer and in 16, 19, and 17 in non-phosphate buffers. Among the amino acids and nucleotides tested, ATP inhibited the enzyme competitively, or in mixed-type, depending on the buffer. Substrate analogs, meso-tartrate, D-tartrate, and pyromellitate, inhibited the enzyme competitively, and D-malate in mixed-type.     

代谢木糖重组谷氨酸棒杆菌的构建

为了使谷氨酸棒杆菌较好地利用木糖生产有机酸,将来自Escherichia coli K-12的木糖异构酶基因xylA构建到表达载体pXMJ19中,导入Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032Δldh中,成功表达了该酶基因。结果表明:重组菌株在以木糖为唯一C源进行发酵时,木糖的消耗速率为0.54 g/(L·h),木糖异构酶比酶活约为0.54 U/mL;在以木糖和葡萄糖的混合糖为C源进行发酵时,菌株优先利用葡萄糖,在葡萄糖完全消耗后,菌株开始有效利用木糖;以木糖为唯一C源进行两阶段发酵时,琥珀酸的收率可达(0.62±0.003)g/g。     

A Corynebacterium glutamicum gene encoding a two-domain protein similar to biotin carboxylases and biotin-carboxyl-carrier proteins

Following the analysis of transposon Tn5432-induced mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032, a gene encoding a protein with a biotin-binding motif was cloned. The DNA sequence of this gene revealed an open reading frame encoding 591 amino acids with a calculated mol. mass of 63.4 kDa. The protein is composed of two domains, an N-terminal biotin carboxylase and a C-terminal biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein, that are highly similar to corresponding subunits from prokaryotic and eukaryotic biotin enzymes. Over 70% identity was found to a protein from Mycobacterium leprae proposed to be part of an acyl-CoA carboxylase. Since it was not possible to inactivate the C. glutamicum gene, the gene most likely encodes a subunit of the essential acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the committed step in fatty acid synthesis. Received: 2 December 1995 / Accepted: 20 May 1996     

Molecular Analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum Transketolase Gene

Transketolase is important in production of the aromatic amino acids in Corynebacterium glutamicum. The complete nucleotide sequence of the C. glutamicum transketolase gene has been identified. The DNA-derived protein sequence is highly similar to the transketolase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, taxonomically related to C. glutamicum. The alignment of the N-terminus regions between both transketolases showed TTG to be the most probable start codon. Potential ribosomal binding and promoter regions were situated upstream from the TTG. The deduced amino acid sequence consists of 700 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 75 kDa, and contains all amino acid residues involved in cofactor and substrate binding in the well-characterized yeast transketolase sequence.     

The whcA gene plays a negative role in oxidative stress response of Corynebacterium glutamicum

In this study, we analyzed the whcA gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum , which codes for a homologue of the WhiB-family of proteins. Deletion of the gene did not affect the growth of the mutant cells, indicating that the whcA gene was not essential under ordinary growth conditions. However, cells overexpressing the protein not only showed retarded growth as compared with the wild-type or the Δ whcA mutant cells but also showed increased sensitivity to a variety of oxidants, such as diamide, menadione, and hydrogen peroxide. Thioredoxin reductase activity was repressed in the whcA -overexpressing cells, whereas its activity in the Δ whcA mutant strain was derepressed regardless of the presence of oxidative stress. The whcA gene was constitutively expressed throughout the growth phase and its expression level was not affected by oxidative stress. A set of proteins under the control of whcA were identified by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and they were annotated as NADH oxidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, quinone reductase, and cysteine desulfurase. The corresponding genes encoding the identified proteins were not transcribed in Δ sigH mutant cells. Collectively, these data suggest that the whcA gene of C. glutamicum plays a negative role in the sigH -mediated stress response pathway.     

Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the Corynebacterium glutamicum mannose enzyme II and analyses of the deduced protein sequence

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the Corynebacterium glutamicum mannose enzyme II (EII^Man) was determined. The gene consisted of 2052 base pairs encoding a protein of 683 amino acid residues; the molecular mass of the protein subunit was calculated to be 72570 Da. The N-terminal hydrophilic domain of EII^Man showed 39.7% homology with a C-terminal hydrophilic domain of Escherichia coli glucose-specific enzyme II (EII^Glc). Similar homology was shown between the C-terminal sequence of EII^Man and the E. coli glucose-specific enzyme III (EIII^Glc), or the EIII-like domain of Streptococcus mutans sucrose-specific enzyme II. Sequence comparison with other EIIs showed that EII^Man contained residues His-602 and Cys-28 which were homologous to the potential phosphorylation sites of EIII^Glc, or EIII-like domains, and hydrophilic domains (IIB) of several EIIs, respectively.