产河豚毒素(TTX)菌株ZY-23的分离与鉴定

从河豚卵巢中分离得到35株细菌,利用小鼠生物法检测获11株产河豚毒素(TTX)菌株,其中有6株菌产TTX含量达400ng/mL以上,对其中ZY-23菌株进行传统分类学方法鉴定,初步鉴定为液化沙雷氏菌(Serratia liquefaciens)。16SrRNA基因序列分析,ZY-23菌株与Serratiasp.Tp5的亲缘关系最近,相似度达99%。用荧光检测分析其发酵液,发现在423nm处与标准品具有相同的发射峰,初步证实发酵液含有TTX。     

河豚毒素生态作用研究进展

河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin, TTX)取名于河豚鱼,最早从河豚鱼中分离纯化.自1964年河豚毒素化学结构被阐明以后,河豚毒素研究得到了生物学家、毒理学家、化学家、药理学家的广泛关注.河豚毒素具有许多天然同系物.河豚毒素及其同系物在自然界分布广泛,存在于一系列不同进化水平的海洋生物和少量的两栖动物体内.河豚毒素及其同系物可能具有防御、捕食及信息传递等生态作用,毒素在生物体内的分布与其生态作用密切相关.含有河豚毒素的生物对河豚毒素具有一定的耐受能力,其机制可能与生物体内存在河豚毒素结合蛋白或生物自身具有独特的钠离子通道结构有关.重点针对河豚毒素的生态作用及生物对河豚毒素的耐受机制进行了综述,以期为河豚毒素生态学研究及河豚毒素中毒事件的防范提供科学资料.     

渤海红鳍东方豚体内产毒细菌的微生态分布及B3B菌株的生物学特性

对我国渤海红鳍东方豚(Fugu rubripes)体内产毒细菌的微生态分布进行了考察.结果表明,渤海红鳍东方豚体内的各部位都普遍存在着产毒细菌,从其卵巢、肝脏等组织中分离到了19株可产强毒的菌株,对其中B3B菌株进行进一步研究鉴定,生理生化试验及16SrDNA序列测定结果表明,该菌属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus).同时,对其发酵产物进行分离精制后,通过小鼠试验、薄层层析试验及质谱分析,初步认定发酵产物中含有河豚毒素(Tetrodotoxin, TTX).     

产河豚毒素菌株的分离鉴定

从厦门同安海域的黄鳍东方豚(Fugu xanthopterus)卵巢组织中分离纯化出59株菌株,通过小鼠试验筛选出11株产毒菌株,并对其中产毒能力较强的EL10菌株的发酵产物进行高效液相色谱分析,初步认定发酵产物中含有河豚毒素。同时对EL10菌株进行16S rDNA鉴定,结果表明该菌属于希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)。     

肉色链孢囊菌和桔橙指孢囊菌发酵液中化学成分的研究

采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等分离手段,利用波谱分析方法,分别对放线菌肉色链孢囊菌(Streptospor-angium carneum)与桔橙指孢囊菌(Dactylosporangium aurantiacum)发酵液中的化合物进行分离鉴定。从肉色链孢囊菌发酵液中分离得到3个化合物,分别鉴定为腺嘌呤核苷(1),2′-脱氧腺苷(2),5,7,4′-三羟基异黄酮(3)。从桔橙指孢囊菌发酵液中也分离得到3个化合物,分别鉴定为腺嘌呤核苷(1),5,7,4′-三羟基异黄酮(3),2′-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(4)。     

马铃薯内生拮抗真菌E-19的分离、鉴定及其次生代谢产物研究北大核心CSCD

采用组织分离法,从马铃薯健康植株中分离得到一株内生真菌(E-19),根据形态学特征和18S r DNA序列分析,将其鉴定为Bipolaris eleusines。平板对峙培养结果显示,该菌对马铃薯晚疫病菌有较强的抑制作用;采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、半制备HPLC等方法从Bipolaris eleusines发酵液中分离纯化获得6个化合物;通过波谱学数据及理化性质确定它们的结构分别为:Isosativenediol(1)、Dihydroprehelminthosporo(2)、Helminthosporol(3)、Drechslerines C(4)、Drechslerines A(5)、Secolongifolene diol(6)。以上化合物均为首次从该菌中分离得到。     

马铃薯内生拮抗真菌E-19的分离、鉴定及其次生代谢产物研究

采用组织分离法,从马铃薯健康植株中分离得到一株内生真菌(E-19),根据形态学特征和18S r DNA序列分析,将其鉴定为Bipolaris eleusines。平板对峙培养结果显示,该菌对马铃薯晚疫病菌有较强的抑制作用;采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、半制备HPLC等方法从Bipolaris eleusines发酵液中分离纯化获得6个化合物;通过波谱学数据及理化性质确定它们的结构分别为:Isosativenediol(1)、Dihydroprehelminthosporo(2)、Helminthosporol(3)、Drechslerines C(4)、Drechslerines A(5)、Secolongifolene diol(6)。以上化合物均为首次从该菌中分离得到。     

梭形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus fusiforms)N141发酵产河豚毒素的研究

对分离筛选得到的产河豚毒素(TTX)的梭形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus fusiforms )N141菌株,在10 L发酵罐中进行发酵产TTX的试验.发酵产物经提取和精制后,用高效薄层色谱、小鼠生物试验,以及河豚毒素单抗ELISA检测试剂盒,检测出发酵液中含有TTX.研究了菌体生长、pH、溶氧、以及产物TTX的变化规律.结果表明TTX是在菌体生长进入稳定期后才产生的,说明TTX是微生物产生的次级代谢产物.10 L罐发酵产TTX的工艺技术,在500 L发酵罐进行了验证,重现性良好.这为微生物源河豚毒素的发酵中试提供了科学依据.     

新疆胀果甘草内生菌的分离及产甘草酸菌株的筛选

目的：从甘草植株中分离其内生菌,并从中筛选出1株可以产甘草酸的菌株。方法：用PDA和LB等培养基,通过组织分离法和研磨分离法从甘草的根、茎、叶中分离甘草内生菌,将分离的内生菌发酵培养,其发酵液经薄层层析初筛及高效液相色谱定性及定量检测来获得产甘草酸的内生菌。结果：分离到237株甘草内生菌,其中129株为细菌,经鉴定属于13个属;108株为真菌,根据其形态特征,确定属于6个属。获得1株产甘草酸的内生菌,产量可达0.22mg/L。结论：甘草内生菌具有丰富的生物多样性,并能产生与宿主相同或相似生理活性代谢产物。     

一株具有抗疟活性的金鸡纳树内生真菌的研究

为筛选具抗疟疾活性的的内生真菌,采用平板分离法对海南金鸡那树内生真菌进行分离纯化。利用"4日抑制疟疾"测试内生真菌发酵液的抗疟活性,采用TLC、HPLC等分析技术对内生菌发酵液等成分进行分析。从金鸡那树叶片分离到31种内生真菌,通过筛选找到了1株具有抗疟疾活性的产奎宁或奎宁类似物的内生真菌。从金鸡那树叶片中分离得到1株产奎宁的结实串孢霉属内生真菌,为奎宁的资源开发开辟了新途径。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.