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1.
三峡库区森林生态系统有机碳密度及碳储量   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在减缓全球气候变化过程中发挥重要作用.基于104块样地调查和森林资源二类清查数据,运用GIS平台,对三峡库区森林生态系统有机碳密度及储量进行研究,结果表明:(1)三峡库区森林优势树种各器官的含碳率为44.59%~54.45%,森林凋落物含碳率为30.61%~42.73%,平均为36.38%;(2)三峡库区森林生态系统平均碳密度为117.68t · hm-2,低于我国森林平均水平;植被层碳密度平均为24.15 t · hm-2,其中常绿阔叶林植被层碳密度最高,达42.80 t · hm-2;枯落物层平均碳密度为2.74 t · hm-2,土壤有机碳密度平均为9.09 kg · m-2;(3)三峡库区森林生态系统总有机碳储量为286.14×106t,其中植被层碳储量为58.72×106t,凋落物碳储量为6.67×106t,土壤碳储量为220.74×106t;(4)三峡库区马尾松林分布面积最大,其总有机碳储量为77.24×106t,占三峡库区森林有机碳总储量的26.99%;在各森林类型中,马尾松林植被层、凋落物层和土壤层有机碳储量均最高,分别达到20.70 × 106t、2.66×106t和53.89×106t;(5)三峡库区森林有机碳密度呈现"东高西低"分布格局,巴东-秭归、巫山-巫溪、石柱-武隆及江津南部有机碳密度较高.在三峡库区提高森林质量、扩大森林面积是增强森林生态系统碳汇功能的有效途径.  相似文献   

2.
基于第六次、第七次和第八次三期森林资源清查数据,采用森林蓄积(生长量)扩展方法,估测三峡库区森林生产力和碳储量及碳密度变化,并利用2012年三峡库区林地"一张图"更新调查数据,制作森林碳密度等级分布图。同时采用气候潜力模型估测潜在生产力,对比现实生产力,研究三峡库区森林生产力和固碳能力状况。结果表明:1)三峡库区森林总生物量1.33×108 t,总碳储量0.68×108 t,其中马尾松和栎类碳储量所占比例较大(分别为42.1%和12.1%),碳密度呈"东高西低"的分布格局,平均为37.36 t?hm–2;2)2002—2012年,三峡库区森林碳储量从2002年的40.51 Tg C增加到2012年的68.88 Tg C,年均净增长2.84 Tg C,森林的碳汇作用显著,尤其是在2007—2012年间的碳汇作用最强。3)三峡库区森林潜在生产力应在13.52—21.77 t?hm–2?a–1之间,现在库区林分生产力介于2.85—6.19 t?hm–2?a–1,平均为4.75t?hm–2?a–1,仅为潜在生产力的21.8%—35.1%。显然,三峡库区森林碳储总量以及森林生产力和固碳能力明显提高,只要进一步加强森林经营管理,加大保护力度,提高森林生产能力和固碳能力仍然具有非常巨大的潜力。  相似文献   

3.
基于森林植被及土壤类型的垂直分布状况,根据海拔设置了18个标准样地,对广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区森林乔木冠层、林下灌草层、林地枯枝落叶层和林地土壤层的涵养水源能力进行了调查与估测,并对该保护区森林涵养水源的经济价值进行了估算.结果表明,该保护区森林乔木冠层平均截留雨量为3 097.7×104 t·a-1,占总贮水量的27.8%.林下灌草层平均截留雨量为517.2×104 t·a-1,占总贮水量的4.6%.各森林类型中枯落物的累积干质量为3.00~15.56 t·hm-2,最大吸水量和最大净吸水量分别为8.64~45.44和5.64~33.58 t·hm-2,平均净吸水量为19.58 t·hm-2;林地枯枝落叶层的平均吸持贮水量为2 664.2×104 t·a-1,占总贮水量的23.9%.不同林地100 cm土层的贮水量为355.2~1 940.0 t·hm-2,林地土壤层平均贮水量为4 876.0×104 t·a-1,占总贮水量的43.7%.该保护区森林植被4个水文层次实际的总贮水量为11 155.1×104 t·a-1,折算成货币价值后,则该保护区森林涵养水源总效益应为人民币13 386.1×104 元·a-1.调查统计结果充分说明,广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区森林植被的涵养水源功能及其生态经济效益相当显著,对于维护和保障周边地区的生态安全、维持工农业生产的可持续发展具有非常重要的作用.  相似文献   

4.
贵州省森林生物量及其空间格局   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Tian XL  Xia J  Xia HB  Ni J 《应用生态学报》2011,22(2):287-294
利用1996—2000年贵州省森林资源连续清查5500个样地的资料,依据主要森林类型蓄积量-生物量的转换函数估算贵州省各种林地的生物量,分析其空间分布格局,以及喀斯特和非喀斯特地貌上森林生物量的差异.结果表明:贵州省林地和非林地乔灌木的总生物量为3.51×108 t,其中非喀斯特林木占82%,喀斯特林木占18%.不同林地类型的生物量存在差异,林分生物量最高,占总林地生物量的71.4%.喀斯特林地总生物量明显低于非喀斯特林地.不同优势种(组)中,杉木林总生物量最高,达5.38×107 t,硬阔类为4.99×107 t,马尾松、云南松及栎类在2.87×107~3.54×107 t,柏木和软阔叶类分别为1.52×107 t和1.43×107 t,其他优势种(组)均低于1.0×107 t.行政区划上,黔东南州的林地总生物量(9.83×107 t)和林分生物量(5.88×107 t)为遵义、铜仁和黔南地区的2~3倍,且远高于黔西南、毕节、贵阳、安顺和六盘水地区(总生物量为0.53×107~1.85×107 t,林分生物量为0.16×107~0.86×107t).高生物量(>400 t·hm-2)和中高生物量密度(100...  相似文献   

5.
基于2007年Landsat TM遥感影像和影响防护林的主导环境因子,对三峡库区的森林立地进行分类,并通过选取水源涵养量、生物量和林分生产力3个指标,利用多目标灰色局势决策模型对库区现有的针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和灌木林4种防护林类型进行空间优化配置.结果表明:2007年,三峡库区森林立地可划分为40种类型;空间配置优化后,研究区针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和灌木林的面积比例分别为32.55%、29.43%、34.95%和3.07%.与优化前相比,优化后针叶林和灌木林的面积比例分别减少了8.79%和28.55%,阔叶林和针阔混交林分别增加了10.23%和27.11%.通过防护林类型的空间优化,三峡库区整体的水源涵养能力、生物量和林分生产力分别增加14.09×108m3、0.35×108t和1.08×106t.  相似文献   

6.
祁连山青海云杉林生物量和碳储量空间分布特征   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
根据野外调查资料、祁连山地区青海云杉林相图和气象资料,在GIS技术的支持下估算了祁连山地区青海云杉林的生物量和碳储量及其空间分布.结果表明:2008年,研究区青海云杉林平均生物量为209.24t·hm-2,总生物量为3.4×107 t;研究区水热条件的差异使青海云杉生物量在地理空间上存在较大的差异性;经度每增加1°,青海云杉生物量增加3.12 t·hm-2;纬度每增加1°,生物量减少3.8 t·hm-2;海拔每升高100m,生物量减少0.05 t·hm-2;2008年,研究区青海云杉林碳密度在70.4~131.1 t·hm-2,平均碳密度为109.8 t·hm-2,幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林、成熟林和过熟林的平均碳密度分别为83.8、109.6、122、124.2和117.1 t·hm-2,研究区青海云杉林总碳储量为1.8×107t.  相似文献   

7.
近年来由于气候变化,极端天气现象及其相应的自然灾害的频繁发生,致使人类面临严峻的挑战,全球环境问题已备受瞩目。湿地碳循环在全球气候变化中具有不可忽视的作用,研究湿地系统与大气中碳素的交换,有助于深入了解湿地生态系统对大气环境的影响。在生物量和土壤温室气体排放测定的基础上,对洞庭湖白沙洲湿地4种主要植被系统与大气碳素交换进行研究,结果表明:杨树人工林、芦苇和苔草3种植被系统净生产力吸收大气中碳量分别为9.88、6.83.thm-.2a-1和4.07.thm-.2a-1,土壤排放碳量(包括CH4中的碳素)分别为3.08、2.79.thm-.2a-1和2.80t.hm-.2a-1,3种植被系统每年净吸收大气中的碳6.80、4.07t.hm-.2a-1和1.27t.hm-.2a-1,都是大气CO2的汇;黑藻与竹叶眼子菜混交群落净生产力吸收大气碳1.23.thm-.2a-1,土壤排放的碳1.32t.hm-.2a-1,该系统每年向大气净排放0.09t.hm-.2a-1,是一个弱的CO2排放源;将CH4温室效应是CO2的21倍折算成CO2量,杨树林土壤排放CO2量(包括CH4折算成CO2量)为16.19t.hm-.2a-1,比植被净生产力吸收的少16.64t.hm-.2a-1,对大气温室效应而言,该系统是温室气体的汇;芦苇、苔草以及黑藻与竹叶眼子菜混交群落土壤排放CO2量(包括CH4折算成CO2量)分别是43.68、39.19t.hm-.2a-1和32.22t.hm-.2a-1,比植被净生产力吸收的还多20.60、24.27.thm-.2a-1和27.71.thm-.2a-1,对大气温室效应而言,这3种湿地植被系统都是温室气体排放源。  相似文献   

8.
安徽池州森林植被碳贮量调查及分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张乐勤 《植物学通报》2011,46(5):544-551
气候变暖及应对是国际社会关注的焦点,也是当前学术界的研究热点,森林植被碳汇定量化评估是气候变化应对研究的重要方面。安徽池州是国家首个生态经济示范区,也是"生态安徽"建设试点市。利用2009年森林清查资料,采用调查研究、模型研究和文献研究等手段,基于不同林分生物量与蓄积量回归方程、全干生物量的计算方法,揭示了池州森林植被碳贮量。结果表明:池州总生物量为3.5988790×107t,总全干生物量为3.5131031×107t,总碳贮量为1.71613×107t,碳密度为34.70t.hm-2。该文有助于加深政府部门及公众对池州森林植被巨大碳汇生态服务功能的认识,为制定生态立市发展战略提供理论依据,从而增强人们保护池州森林植被的积极性与主动性。  相似文献   

9.
澜沧江流域生态系统土壤保持功能及其空间分布   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
基于改进的通用土壤流失方程对澜沧江流域生态系统的土壤保持功能及其空间分布特征进行分析.结果表明:澜沧江流域是我国生态系统土壤保持能力最高的区域之一,其年均土壤保持量为2.36×1010 t·a-1,单位面积土壤保持量为1453.72 t·hm-2;土壤N、P、K元素保持量分别为5.74×107、3.07×107和3.75×108 t·a-1,从上游至下游呈递增趋势.各类生态系统中,森林生态系统土壤保持能力最高,草地和农田其次,荒漠生态系统最差.不同生态系统的土壤保持能力均随植被盖度的增加呈线性增长.澜沧江流域生态系统的植被盖度每增加10%,其土壤保持能力平均增加35.3%.在对该区域生态系统进行保护的基础上,因地制宜地合理增加植被盖度对防治土壤侵蚀、保持土壤养分可以起到良好效果.  相似文献   

10.
刘彦春  张远东  刘世荣  张笑鹤 《生态学报》2010,30(21):5810-5820
川西亚高山针阔混交林是该地区云冷杉暗针叶林大规模采伐后自然恢复形成的主要次生林类型之一,是由采伐迹地向顶极暗针叶林演替过程中的重要阶段。采用样地调查与异速生长模型相结合的方法,研究了川西亚高山林区4个海拔梯度(A:2900—3050m;B:3150—3300m;C:3300—3450m;D:3450—3550m)40a生针阔混交林的生物量与生产力变化。结果表明,林分乔木层生物量、生产力随海拔上升而不断下降,分别由A梯度的157.07t/hm2、3.43t·hm-·2a-1下降到D梯度的54.65t/hm2、1.36t·hm-·2a-1,气温的海拔间差异以及林分密度的递减是影响林分生物量、生产力变化的主要原因;阔叶类树种单株平均生物量、生产力随海拔升高而显著下降,由A梯度的200.55kg、4.96kg/a下降到D梯度的47.86kg、1.19kg/a;而针叶类树种单株平均生物量、生产力则逐渐上升,由A梯度的51.57kg、1.28kg/a上升到D梯度的73.88kg、1.84kg/a,但未达显著水平,阔、针叶类树种生物量、生产力变化分异是物种的生物学特性和林分环境共同作用的结果。相关分析显示,该地区阔叶类树种对海拔梯度的响应比针叶树种更为敏感和显著。  相似文献   

11.
New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn2NPSCH2CH2Sa(P-Sa) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn2NPSCHCHSa(CH2)3CaH2(P-Sa)(Ca-Sa) (6) and Bn2NP(4-XC6H4OMe)2 (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)2] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl2Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the νCO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The 1JPRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the 1JPSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh3. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh3.  相似文献   

12.
《环境昆虫学报》2014,(5):790-804
综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生(宾主共栖和异种共栖)、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌(原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌)和外生菌(蚁巢伞菌等)间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用(如纤维素酶)及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

13.
Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.  相似文献   

14.
15.
The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.  相似文献   

16.
To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.  相似文献   

17.
In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.  相似文献   

18.
A new series of antibacterial and antifungal triazine-derived mono- and di-substituted (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) Schiff-bases and their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments and IR and electronic spectral measurements. IR spectra indicated the ligands to act as tridentate towards divalent metal ions via a trazine-N, the azomethine-N and, indole-NH and deprotonated-O of salicylaldehyde. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)complexes and square-pyramid for Cu(II) complexes. NMR spectral data of the ligands and their diamagnetic zinc(II) complexes well-define their proposed structures/geometries. Elemental analyses data of the ligands and metal complexes agree with their proposed structures/geometries. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial/antifungal against two or more species as compared to the uncomplexed Schiff-base ligands.  相似文献   

19.
The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE2, PGD2, PGF, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF. In all types studied PGE2 and TXB2 were the major products formed. The identification of PGE2 and TXB2 was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.  相似文献   

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