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1.
茶树(Camellia sinensis)是我国重要的经济作物。小贯小绿叶蝉(Empoasca onukii)是为害茶树的主要害虫之一。叶蝉三棒缨小蜂(Stethynium empoascae)是小贯小绿叶蝉的主要卵寄生蜂, 但茶树花对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的引诱机制尚不明确。基于析因设计的方差分析结果显示, 茶树花可引诱天敌叶蝉三棒缨小蜂, 显著缩短其寄生行为的搜寻时间。茶树花可显著增强叶蝉为害茶梢对缨小蜂的吸引作用, 而对健康茶梢的增强效应不显著。基于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)的结果显示, 健康茶梢中的挥发物种类和相对含量较少, 而叶蝉为害茶梢和茶树花中挥发物种类和相对含量显著增多。偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)结果显示, 茶树花挥发物具有明显的聚类特征。变量重要性投影结果表明, 17种茶树花挥发物在判别分析中可能起重要作用。行为测定结果显示, α-水芹烯、顺式氧化芳樟醇、反式氧化芳樟醇、苯甲醛和苯乙酮对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂具有显著的引诱效果。研究初步阐明了茶树花通过释放挥发物引诱叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的机制, 为制定叶蝉的生物防治策略提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

2.
假眼小绿叶蝉自然天敌控制作用的评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对假眼小绿叶蝉的卵期寄生蜂-缨小蜂进行了初步调查观察,并应用生命表方法对假眼小绿叶蝉的寄生性和捕食性天敌作用作了评价,提出了卵期寄生是一种重要的天敌控制因子,通过高峰期世代自然园与化防轩绿叶蝉生命表比较,结果表明,自然园种群趋势指数为1.09,化防园为2.71,模拟采摘试验,下一世代种群趋势指数均小于1,数量将下降。  相似文献   

3.
<正> 缨小蜂Anagrus spp.是飞虱卵期主要的寄生性天敌。我们在稻田已发现寄生于飞虱卵的缨小蜂五种,其中稻虱缨小蜂、拟稻虱缨小蜂和长管稻虱缨小蜂的群体数量较大,对稻田飞虱所起控制效用较为显著。在对这三种缨小蜂的生物学特性进行研究过程中,我们初步观察不同缨小蜂种类,对于不同飞虱种类所表现寄生行为的选择性。本文主要报道这方面的观察结果。  相似文献   

4.
不同生境源的稻飞虱卵寄生蜂对寄主的选择和寄生特眭   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
俞晓平  胡萃 《昆虫学报》1998,41(1):41-47
稻飞虱重要卵寄生蜂缨小蜂Anagrus flaveolus、A optabilis和寡索赤眼蜂Oligosita aesopi、O.Naias均能在稻田和稻田周围的非稻田生境中生存。而.Ftaveolus为优势种。不同生境来源的卵寄生蜂有着不同的寄生和选择特性。缨小蜂A.Flaveolus能在飞虱科内转换寄主,但需1~2代的适应期。寄主卵对寡索赤眼蜂O.Aesopi的寄生有较大的影响,用褐飞虱和黑尾叶蝉诱集的O.Aesopi呼;不能交叉寄生。稻田内诱集的寄生蜂选择稻飞虱,而杂草地中诱集的缨小蜂则对飞虱T.Pusanus有一定的选择性。非稻田生境对保护稻飞虱卵寄生蜂有很大的作用,但对其寄生特性有较大的影响。  相似文献   

5.
新疆弯翅缨小蜂属记述(膜翅目,缨小蜂科)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
记述采自新疆的弯翅缨小蜂属Camptoptera Frster3个种,其中有2个新种:小颚弯翅缨小蜂C.minorignatha Hu et Lin,sp.nov.,大胸弯翅缨小蜂C.grandithoracala Guoet Wang,sp.nov.,1个中国新纪录种:日本弯翅缨小蜂C.japonicaTaguchi,1971,并列出了新疆弯翅缨小蜂属3种的分类检索表,另附有主要形态特征图。正模标本及部分副模标本保存于新疆大学生命科学与技术学院昆虫研究室,其余副模标本保存于福建农林科技大学生物防治所。  相似文献   

6.
两种稻虱缨小蜂种群生态的比较   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
程遐年  徐国民 《昆虫学报》1991,34(4):405-412
在南京市郊和我国南方稻区,寄生稻飞虱卵的缨小蜂主要是稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et wang和拟稻虱缨小蜂A.paranilaprvatae Pang et Wang两个种.这两个种在田间的种群消长,呈明显“此起彼落”的季节性交替.作者以比较生态学方法探讨了产生这一现象的原因.夏季30℃以上高温对稻虱缨小蜂未成熟期的存活和雌虫产卵有明显抑制作用,但拟稻虱缨小蜂具有耐高温能力.稻虱缨小蜂和拟稻虱缨小蜂种群增长的理论最适温度分别为27.41℃和31.87℃,最适温度下的种群内禀增长力以稻虱缨小蜂为高.当供以白背飞虱和褐飞虱卵时,拟稻虱缨小蜂只寄生褐飞虱卵,稻虱缨小蜂对褐飞虱卵也有明显的喜好.两种缨小蜂对褐飞虱卵密度的功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型.  相似文献   

7.
潘铖  林金丽  韩宝瑜 《生态学报》2016,36(12):3785-3795
为确定引诱假眼小绿叶蝉卵寄生蜂叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的茶梢信息物并检测其活性,遂于室内用Y管嗅觉仪进行行为测定,结果表明:1假眼小绿叶蝉口针刺吸和产卵管刺伤茶梢嫩茎、口针刺吸的茶树芽叶、以及口针刺吸芽叶近邻的健康茶叶的气味皆强烈引诱该蜂;2以健康茶梢、叶蝉为害茶梢挥发物中27种主要成分的3个剂量即10~(-6)、10~(-4)g/m L和10~(-2)g/m L正己烷溶液为味源,进行嗅觉反应测定,发现顺-茉莉酮、芳樟醇、橙花醇、正戊醇、正己醇、1-戊烯-3-醇、α-松油烯、α-松油醇和蒈烯的1或2个剂量显著引诱该蜂。茶园中:110~(-4)g/m L顺-茉莉酮、10~(-4)g/m L芳樟醇和10~(-4)g/m L 1-戊烯-3-醇三组分的等量混合物显著诱集叶蝉三棒缨小蜂;10-2g/m L橙花醇、10-2g/m L正戊醇、10-2g/m Lα-松油烯、10~(-6)g/m L正己醇、10~(-6)g/m Lα-松油醇和10~(-6)g/m L蒈烯六组分等量混合物的诱效更强;2加入液体石蜡作为缓释剂,可将该6组分诱集剂的半衰期延长0.7d;36:00—10:00缨小蜂比较活跃,这一时段诱捕的缨小蜂数占总诱捕数!50%。认为:假眼小绿叶蝉为害的茶梢上受害和未受害芽叶含有的顺-茉莉酮等部分挥发性化合物强烈地引诱叶蝉三棒缨小蜂,当它们按恰当比例组成诱集剂之后,则诱效显著增强,再与素馨黄色彩组合,诱效更强。  相似文献   

8.
葡萄阿小叶蝉Arboridia(Arboridia)kakogawana(Matsumura,1932)是严重危害吐鲁番葡萄园的害虫之一。本文对曾定名为葡萄斑叶蝉Erythroneura apicalis Nawa的害虫种名进行了修订,为葡萄阿小叶蝉,并对该地区葡萄阿小叶蝉生活史、种群发生规律及该地区寄生蜂资源状况调查研究。结果表明:(1)葡萄阿小叶蝉在吐鲁番一年发生4代,于5月中下旬、7月上旬、8月中下旬发生量大,危害严重,成虫10月下旬进入越冬场所。(2)通过调查吐鲁番市不同葡萄园,获得寄生蜂共计10科1034号标本,其中姬小蜂科Eulophidae数量最多,占总数31.85%。(3)多样性分析结果表明,吐鲁番市葡萄乡科技示范园内寄生蜂多样性高,分布均匀,种群间联系紧密,表明该地已形成自然稳定生态系统。(4)对所采集的叶蝉主要卵寄生蜂缨小蜂科各属标本的数量统计分析发现:缨翅缨小蜂属Anagrus Haliday数量最多,占缨小蜂科Mymaridae总数的54.95%,对缨翅缨小蜂与葡萄阿小叶蝉进行相关性分析,得出缨翅缨小蜂属与葡萄阿小叶蝉为显著正相关r=0.591105532,表明该属寄生蜂很可能是葡萄阿小叶蝉的卵寄生蜂,为进一步确定葡萄阿小叶蝉的寄生蜂天敌提供理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
银杏大蚕蛾Caligula japonica(Moore)作为危害核桃、板栗、银杏等坚果类果树的重要害虫之一,已经引起国内外广泛关注。明确银杏大蚕蛾卵期寄生蜂的种类、分布和自然寄生状况,可为银杏大蚕蛾天敌的保护利用提供科学依据。本文于2018-2019年在甘肃省陇南市银杏大蚕蛾核桃危害区采集该害虫的越冬卵并带回实验室培养,收集羽化的寄生蜂并记录其种类和数量,最后通过计算寄生率确定优势天敌物种。本研究共采集银杏大蚕蛾卵块1 114个约8万粒卵,平均单株核桃树木卵块数与卵粒数分别最高可达7.5块和533.5粒;共收集到膜翅目3科5属9种银杏大蚕蛾卵期寄生蜂,其中6种为首次报道;具体为旋小蜂科7种,包括平腹小蜂属4种:麻纹蝽平腹小蜂Anastatus fulloi、甘肃平腹小蜂A. gansuensis、日本平腹小蜂A. japonicus和梅岭平腹小蜂A. meilingensis;短角平腹小蜂属2种:白跗短角平腹小蜂Mesocomys albitarsis和枯叶蛾短角平腹小蜂M. trabalae;旋小蜂属1种:Eupelmus sp.;赤眼蜂科赤眼蜂属1种:螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis;姬小蜂科长尾啮小蜂属1种:短梗长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus brevipedicellus。结果表明,旋小蜂科两种短角平腹小蜂数量最多,分布最广,物种优势度指数达86以上,为陇南地区野外寄生银杏大蚕蛾卵的优势性天敌,且卵块寄生率和卵粒寄生率分别最高可达55.91%和6.77%。本研究拓宽了银杏大蚕蛾自然天敌种类并为今后开发利用寄生蜂防治该害虫提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
稻田飞虱卵寄生蜂群落结构和动态的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
报道了广东省四会市大沙镇稻田中褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens卵期寄生蜂的结构和动态。该群落由缨小蜂科和赤眼蜂科的6个属、共19种卵寄生蜂组成。其中,稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae、长管稻虱缨小蜂A. longitubulosus和拟稻虱缨小蜂A. paranilaparvatae是群落中的优势种群,它们对控制褐飞虱种群卵期的存活率起主要作用。6个属在群落中的优势地位相对稳定,但不同物种包括优势种类在群落中的地位并不稳定。早、晚稻前期,群落的寄生蜂数量与稻田褐飞虱数量正相关;中期,寄生蜂数量在一定的范围内波动;后期,其数量先上升,然后急剧下降。水稻生长前、中和后期,寄生蜂对褐飞虱卵的平均寄生率分别约为76%,70%和50%。  相似文献   

11.
Parasitoids attacking eggs of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), were surveyed at eight sites in southern and central California for 2 years. One site was an insecticide‐free sugar beet field, and the remaining sites were all uncultivated and supported weedy vegetation. At each site, host plants of beet leafhopper were collected and stored until parasitoids emerged from the leafhopper eggs in the vegetation. Vegetation samples included both naturally occurring host plants and sugar beet outplants that were first infested with beet leafhopper eggs in the laboratory and then placed in the field for 2 days. Parasitism generally was highest in summer and lowest in winter. Beet leafhopper eggs were parasitized by the mymarids (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) Anagrus nigriventris Girault, Polynema eutettexi Girault, P. longipes (Ashmead), Polynema sp., Gonatocerus capitatus Gahan and two Gonatocerus spp. from the litoralis species group, and the trichogrammatids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Aphelinoidea zarehi Triapitsyn, Walker and Bayoun, A. turanica Trjapitzin, A. roja Triapitsyn, Walker and Bayoun, A. anatolica Nowicki and Paracentrobia sp. near P. subflava (Girault). The most dominant were A. nigriventris, A. zarehi and Paracentrobia sp. The intensity of parasitism varied greatly among the sites with peak levels ranging from 13% to 82%. Species composition also varied among sites, especially between the sugar beet field where A. nigriventris was by far the most dominant parasitoid and the uncultivated sites where A. zarehi and/or Paracentrobia sp. usually dominated. Within the uncultivated sites, parasitoid species composition also varied between the sugar beet outplants and the naturally occurring vegetation; A. nigriventris was much more common in the former than in the latter.  相似文献   

12.
In the course of identifying the vector(s) of the grapevine yellows (GY) and western-X (WX) phytoplasmas in the Golan Heights, leafhopper and planthopper species were examined. The planthopper, Hyalesthes obsoletus , was trapped on yellow sticky traps or collected on weeds; there was a relatively small peak during two weeks in June and during four weeks starting mid-September. The leafhoppers, Neoaliturus spp. and Circulifer sp. (of the haematoceps complex) were both trapped early or very late in summer, but could be collected on weeds throughout the summer. The two remaining leafhopper species, Macrosteles quadripunctulatus and Orosius orientalis (= albicinctus ) were only rarely caught on sticky traps, but were found on weeds throughout the summer. Phytoplasmas were found within the body of these five species; all are historically known to be efficient vectors of various phytoplasmas and were therefore chosen for further investigations.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract:  The oviposition preference of the cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) was investigated in relation to leaf-vein characteristics of 12 plant species, namely okra, cotton, castor, pigeonpea, cowpea, cluster bean, green gram, egg plant, sesame, country mallow, portia tree and shoe flower. Observations on the oviposition of the leafhopper under no-choice conditions were recorded on three occasions during the peak period of leafhopper incidence in the field. On all three occasions the leafhopper rejected green gram, shoe flower and portia tree for egg-laying, thereby indicating non-acceptance of these plants for oviposition. For the remaining plants, the number of eggs per leaf differed significantly. Okra received the maximum number of eggs. The lateral veins of castor, cotton, cowpea, egg plant and country mallow leaves received more eggs in comparison with the main vein and subveins whereas in okra the subveins received the highest number of eggs followed by lateral and main veins. The leaves of cluster bean, pigeonpea and sesame were devoid of subveins. In cluster bean and sesame the lateral veins received more eggs than the main vein but in pigeonpea the main vein received more eggs than the lateral veins. Correlations of trichome density and length with the number of eggs laid in different veins were non-significant. All types of veins in okra leaves were thicker than the rest of the test plants, which might have stimulated more egg laying in okra. The thickness of each category of vein, namely main vein ( r =0.60), lateral veins ( r =0.65) and subveins ( r =0.56) was found to be positively correlated with the number of eggs laid. The length of the main and lateral veins were also found to be positively and significantly related to the number of eggs laid. It can be concluded from the present investigations that leaf-vein thickness and length are crucial factors in influencing the oviposition behaviour of the cotton leafhopper.  相似文献   

14.
Pymetrozine reportedly inhibits feeding of plant sap-sucking insects, such as aphids and brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (St?l)). By using electrical penetration graph (EPG), this study was conducted to investigate any differential effect of pymetrozine on the feeding behaviors of four major rice sap-sucking insect species, 1) N. lugens, 2) white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)), 3) small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen)), and 4) green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler). On pymetrozine-free TN1 rice plants, white-backed planthopper and small brown planthopper showed a significantly less activity in the phloem phases than brown planthopper or green rice leafhopper while green rice leafhopper engaged in relatively more xylem ingestion than brown planthopper, white-backed planthopper, and small brown planthopper. On the plants treated with 100 mg liter(-1) of pymetrozine, all four insect species showed significant increases, in total duration of nonprobing and significant decreases in the activities in phloem tissue, while all species showed similar feeding behavior during the pathway and xylem phases. This study revealed that, regardless of whether the insects on untreated plants spent more time feeding on phloem than xylem (brown planthopper) or more time on xylem than phloem (green rice leafhopper) or similar times on phloem and xylem (white-backed planthopper and small brown planthopper), their feeding behavior was disturbed by pymetrozine and exhibited similar patterns of sharp decline in activity in the phloem tissue and a significant increase the nonprobing.  相似文献   

15.
研究表明茶小绿叶蝉(Empoasca flavescens Fabricius)在云南大叶茶无性系良种云抗十号、云抗十四号、长叶白毫、矮丰上的生长发育历期、成活率、田间自然种群虫口数量、卵数量、卵分布等方面,皆有明显差异;说明这些品种对茶小绿叶蝉的抗性有差异,上述品种中矮丰对茶小绿叶蝉的抗性最强,云抗十号的抗性较差。在生产实践中对不同品种间存在的抗性差异应加以充分合理的利用。茶小绿叶蝉的空间分布型为随机分布型;在空间分布型方面,各品种间无明显差异。  相似文献   

16.
Tea green leafhopper is one of the most damaging tea pests in main tea production regions of East Asia. For lack of recognized morphological characters, the dominant species of tea green leafhoppers in Mainland China, Taiwan and Japan have always been named as Empoasca vitis Göthe, Jacobiasca formosana Paoli and Empoasca onukii MATSUDA, respectively. Furthermore, nothing is known about the genetic relationships among them. In this study, we collected six populations from Mainland China, four populations from Japan and one population from Taiwan, and examined the genetic distances in the COI and 16sRNA regions of mtDNA among them. The results showed that the genetic distances based on single gene or the combined sequences among eleven leafhopper populations were 0.3–1.2%, which were all less than the species boundary of 2%. Moreover, there were at least two haplotypes shared by two distinct populations from different regions. The phylogenetic analysis based on single gene or combined sets also supported that tea green leafhoppers from Mainland China, Taiwan and Japan were closely related to each other, and there were at least two specimens from different regions clustered ahead of those from the same region. Therefore, we propose that the view of recognizing the dominant species of tea green leafhoppers in three adjacent tea production regions of East Asia as different species is unreliable or questionable and suggest that they are a single species.  相似文献   

17.
Searching and oviposition behavior and parasitization ability of Anagrus nigriventris Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), were examined on five host plant species of beet leafhopper: sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), red stem filaree (Erodium cicutarium[L.]), peppergrass (Lepidium nitidum Nuttall), desert plantain (Plantago ovata Forsskal), and London rocket (Sisymbrium irio L.). Beet leafhopper embeds its eggs in the tissues of these plant species. For each plant species, A. nigriventris behavior was examined on plants with and without beet leafhopper eggs. Experimental design was a 5 (plant species) by 2 (host eggs present/absent) factorial. Additionally within each treatment, parasitoid behavior was observed over a 22-h period at five different observation periods: t=0, 3, 6, 9, and 22 h where t=0 h represents initial exposure of the insect with the plant. The behavioral events observed were: `fast walking' (general searching), `slow walking' (intensive searching), ovipositor probing, grooming, feeding, and resting. Significant differences (=0.05) among plant species in time spent on the plant, percentage of host eggs parasitized, and behavioral variables associated with intensive searching and oviposition all indicated that the plant species fell into two groups: `preferred' plants (sugar beet, London rocket, and peppergrass), and `unpreferred' plants (filaree and plantago). These variables also indicated that the parasitoids spent more time on, searched more, probed more, and oviposited more in plants with host eggs than plants without host eggs. Consistent effects of time (over the observation periods from t=0 to t=22 h) generally were detected only in the preferred plant species that had host eggs present. In these cases, intensive searching and probing decreased as time advanced, while variables related to general searching (`fast walking') and abandoning host egg patches (leaving the plant) tended to increase over time.  相似文献   

18.
A leaf beetle, Crioceris sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was introduced into Australia as a biological control agent of bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides L. Druce) during October 2002. Rearing of Crioceris sp. is labour intensive therefore all releases of Crioceris sp. have been under 1000 individuals, which may be too low to ensure establishment if high mortality and high competition with other agents occurs. The aim of this study is to understand how the presence of two well-established biocontrol agents, a rust fungus (Puccinia myrsiphylli (Thuem) Wint [Basidiomycota: Uredinales]) and a leafhopper (Zygina sp. [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]), might influence Crioceris sp. establishment. Crioceris sp. neonate larvae were placed on bridal creeper plants with or without the leafhopper and/or rust. The number of larvae that pupated was reduced by 38 and 65% in the presence of the rust fungus and leafhopper, respectively and by 45% in the presence of both agents. As the area infected by the rust increased the area damaged by the leafhopper decreased. The rust appeared to be negatively impacted by the presence of the leafhopper. In a second experiment, female Crioceris sp. adults were given a choice between uninfested bridal creeper plants and those infested with the rust or the leafhopper. The females preferred to lay their eggs on plants without leafhoppers but did not seem to be deterred by the presence of the rust. Consequently, the performance and impact of Crioceris sp. on bridal creeper may be reduced if populations overlap with the other biocontrol agents in the field.  相似文献   

19.
Sugarcane white leaf disease is caused by plant pathogenic phytoplasmas that are transmitted to the plant by the leafhopper Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura). To determine whether there are other insect vectors that transmit this disease pathogen, leafhopper species in sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., fields in northeastern Thailand were monitored by using light traps. Sixty-nine leafhopper species from family Cicadellidae were found. Using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers, a 210-bp amplified DNA fragment corresponding to phytoplasma associated with sugarcane white leaf disease was detected from 12 species of leafhoppers [Balclutha rubrostriata (Melichar), Balclutha sp., Bhatia olivacea (Melichar), Exitianus indicus Distant, Macrosteles striifrons Anufriew, Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura), Recilia distincta (Motschulsky), Recilia dorsalis (Motschulsky), Recilia sp., Thaia oryzivora Ghauri, Yamatotettix flavovittatus Matsumura, and Xestocephalus sp.]. The percentage of individual infection with phytoplasma varied from 5% in B. olivacea to 35% in Xestocephalus sp. The most abundant leafhopper species, i.e., E. indicus, Y. flavovittatus, and M. hiroglyphicus were used in transmission tests to determine their vector status for the sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma transmission. Infected insects were reared on healthy plants and specific PCR followed by sequencing of the amplicons was used to determine whether the phytoplasma was transmitted to the plants. The results showed that both Y. flavovittatus and M. hiroglyphicus, but not E. indicus, can transmit sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma to healthy sugarcane plants. The transmission efficiency of M. hiroglyphicus (55%) was higher than that of Y. flavovittatus (45%). We conclude that Y. flavovittatus is a newly discovered vector for sugarcane white leaf disease, in addition to M. hiroglyphicus. These two species peak at different times of the year and therefore complement each other in the transmission of the phytoplasma. Because there are no known alternative host plants for the sugarcane white leaf, management of the disease will necessarily require the control of both Y. flavovittatus and M. hiroglyphicus.  相似文献   

20.
The South American egg parasitoid Gonatocerus sp. near tuberculifemur “Clade 1” (G. sp. “Clade 1”) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is a new association of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Cicadellidae) and a candidate for its biological control in California, USA. In Argentina, G. sp. “Clade 1” was screened in the laboratory (no-choice tests) and in the field (multiple choice tests) against eggs of 32 Auchenorrhyncha host species and other four potential hosts unrelated to sharpshooters. In no-choice assays, it parasitized only eggs within the leafhopper tribe Proconiini. In contrast, in the long term field tests, it emerged not only from eggs of the Proconiini but also from two species of Cicadellini at low numbers (five wasps out of 698 exposed eggs). Two interpretations arise from the results: (1) Host associations of G. sp. “Clade 1” are restricted to the Proconiini whereas field parasitization of the Cicadellini species were false positive, or (2) G. sp. “Clade 1” parasitizes also some Cicadellini species and its rejection in the laboratory was a false negative. Both interpretations are discussed. Insect motivation could be the explanation for the negative results in the no-choice tests. On the other hand, in the more natural field situations, the host selection process and oviposition behavior should not have been affected and host range would be more realistic. The parasitism of the Cicadellini species would be indicative of a potential non-target effect on the sharpshooters in the USA.  相似文献   

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