几种游蛇的Cytb基因片段序列分析及其演化关系

分别从蛇类药材和冷冻保存的新鲜蛇类肌内标本中提取ＤＮＡ,经ＰＣＲ扩增出１２种蛇共２５个样品的Ｃｙｔｂ基因片段,并用银染测序的方法对ＤＮＡ序列进行了分析。在此基础上用ＭＥＧＡ软件重建的系统发生树表明,研究的１１种游蛇科蛇类可以分为３组;第一级来赤链蛇和水赤链游蛇,第二组为乌梢蛇和灰鼠蛇,第三组为锦蛇属的蛇,它们与第二组较近,锦蛇属是一高芳分化的属,该组至少可分为两类,一类包括百花锦蛇和黑眉锦蛇,另一     

《游蛇科锦蛇属（Elaphe Fitzinger）专著》［德］

《游蛇科锦蛇属（ＥｌａｐｈｅＦｉｔｚｉｎｇｅｒ）专著》［德］ＡＭＯＮＯＧＲＡＰＨＯＦＴＨＥＣＯＬＵＢＲＩＤＳＮＡＫＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＧＥＮＵＳＥＬＡＰＨＥＦＴＴＺＩＮＧＥＲＫｌａｕｓ．Ｄｉｅｔｅｒ＆ｈｏｂ著。德国印制,捷克ＫｏｅｌｔＺ勤ｉｅｎｎｄＣＤ刀ｂ...     

蝰科(Viperidae)蝮亚科(Crotalinae)线粒体12S rRBA基因序列分析及其系统发育

对蝮亚科（蛇岛蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ ｓｈｅｄａｏｅｎｓｉｓ Ｚｈａｏ、黑眉蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ ｓａｘａｔｉｌｉｓ Ｅｍｅｌｉａｎｏｖ、乌苏 里蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ ｕｓｓｕｒｒｉｅｎｓｉｓ　 Ｅｍｅｌｉａｎｏｖ、　竹叶青Ｔｒｉｍｅｒｅｓｕｒｕｓ 　ｓｔｅｊｎｅｇｅｒｉ 　Ｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ和分别来自不 同地区的尖吻蝮Ｄｅｉｎａｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎ　ａｃｕｔｕｓ　Ｇｕｅｎｔｈｅｒ、短尾蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ　ｂｒｅｖｉｃａｕｄｕｓ　Ｓｔｅｊｎｅｇｅｒ各 两条）６种蛇共８个个体测定、分析了约３７０ｂｐ线粒体１２Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ基因序列;以游蛇科链蛇属半 棱鳞链蛇Ｄｉｎｏｄｏｎ ｓｅｍｉｃａｒｉｎａｔｕｓ　序列为外群构建分子系统树。分子数据结果支持尖吻蝮形态 学的属级分类地位;提示蛇岛蝮位于黑眉蝮的蛇岛亚种分类地位,同时探讨了蛇岛蝮的起源 问题;并提示短尾蝮和乌苏里蝮同位于种级分类地位。     

几种游蛇的Cyt b基因片段序列分析及其演化关系

分别从蛇类药材和冷冻保存的新鲜蛇类肌肉标本中提取DNA,经PCR扩增出12种蛇共25个样品的Cyt b基因片段,并用银染测序的方法对DNA序列进行了分析.在此基础上用MEGA软件重建的系统发生树表明,研究的11种游蛇科蛇类可以分为3组:第一组为赤链蛇和水赤链游蛇,第二组为乌梢蛇和灰鼠蛇,第三组为锦蛇属的蛇,它们与第二组较近.锦蛇属是一高度分化的属,该组至少可分为两类,一类包括百花锦蛇和黑眉锦蛇;另一类包括玉斑锦蛇、棕黑锦蛇、红点锦蛇、王锦蛇和双斑锦蛇.后一类还可进一步分为3个亚组,玉斑锦蛇和棕黑锦蛇为第一亚组,红点锦蛇单独为第二亚组,王锦蛇和双斑锦蛇为第三亚组.本研究结果还表明,多年保存的陈旧药材标本可以用DNA序列分析的方法对其进行分子系统演化关系的研究.     

应用生态学报第5卷（1994）关键词索引

应用生态学报第５卷（１９９４）关键词索引ＣＨＩＮＥＳＥＪＯＵＲＮＡＬＯＦＡＰＰＬＩＥＤＥＣＯＬＯＧＹＶｏｌ．５（１９９４）ＫＥＹＷＯＲＤＩＮＤＥＸＡＡｃａｎｔｈｏｐａｎａｘｓｅｎｌｉｃｏｓｕｓｉｇｌｏｏ５（３）：２３７Ａｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ￥ｋ４...     

Drosophila auraria复合种的进化遗传学研究—支序分析与数值分析（上）

以Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａａｕｒａｒｉａ复合种（Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａａｕｒａｒｉａｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ）的５个姐妹种Ｄ．ａｕｒａｒｉａ（Ａ）,Ｄ．ｂｉａｕｒａｒｉａ（Ｂ）,Ｄ．ｔｒｉａｕｒａｒｉａ（Ｔ）,Ｄ．ｓｕｂａｕｒａｒｉａ（ｓ）和Ｄ．ｑｕａｄｒａｒｉａ（ｑ）的１７个地理种群,及４个对照种的５个地理种群为材料,用聚丙烯酰胺等民聚焦电泳（ＩＥＦ）技术,分析了１８种同工酶及成虫总蛋白的电泳图谱     

鸡减蛋综合征病毒（EDSV—76）基因组E1区结构特点分析

ＥＤＳＶ－７６病毒中国株ＡＡ－２经常规方法提取其病毒ＤＮＡ后,建立了限制性内切酶ＰｓｔＩ水解片段的全基因文库。对其中ＰｓｔＩ－Ｇ片段和ＰｓｔＩ－Ａ片段的正反链进行序列测定,获得ＥＤＳＶ Ｅ１区（０－８．８ｍ．ｕ）的核苷酸序列。经分析,ＥＤＳＶ Ｅ１区具有与其他腺病毒Ｅ１区类似的结构。以大于６０个氨基酸残基为标准,ＥＤＳＶ Ｅ１区共有７个开放读码框架（ＯＲＦ）,其中Ｒ１、Ｒ２、ＥｌｂｓＴ和Ｅ１ｂ１Ｔ     

云南条大叶蝉属五新种一新纪录：同翅目：叶蝉总科：大叶蝉科

本文记述大叶蝉科条大叶蝉属ＡｔｋｉｎｓｏｎｉｅｌｌａＤｉｓｔａｎｔ５新种及一中国新纪录种：黄条大叶蝉Ａ．ｘａｎｔｈｏｖｉｔｔａ、黄斑条大叶蝉Ａ．ｘａｎｔｈｏｎｏｔａ、黑体条大叶蝉Ａ．ｎｉｇｒａ、红斑条大叶蝉Ａ．ｒｕｂｒａ、污黄条大叶蝉Ａ．ｌａｃｔｅａ及披纹条大叶蝉Ａ．ｍａｌａｓｉｅｉＹｏｕｎ。标本采自我国云南省。文中描述了新种、新纪录种的外部形态和雄性外生殖器构造特征,以及与近似种的区别。     

利用Tn5gusA5对大豆慢生根瘤菌lrp基因的诱变

通过对重组质粒ｐＧＸＮ３００中的 ２．３ｋｂ ＥｃｏＲＩ片段测序分析发现,其上有一完整的ｌｒｐ基因和部分 ｐｕｔＡ基因,与 Ｋｉｎｇ ＮＤ等［１］报道的 Ｂ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ的ｌｒｐ基因ＤＮＡ序列有 ８８％同源性。利用 Ｔｎ５ ｇｕｓＡ５定位 诱变方法,对质粒ｐＧＸＮ３００进行插入诱变,得到２．３ｋｂ　ＥｃｏＲＩ片段上有Ｔｎ５ｇｕｓＡ５插入位点的质粒ｐＧＸＮ３００－ Ｔ３８,将ｐＧＸＮ３００－Ｔ３８转移到大豆馒生根瘤苗（Ｂ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ）ＧＸ２０１中,得到的ＧＸ２０１转移接合子与不相容 质粒ｐＰＨ１ＪＩ发生同源双交换。通过抗性及ｇｕｓＡ活性检测,筛选到一ｌｒｐ基因突变株。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｍ杂交分析证 明这突变株的 Ｔｎ５ ｇｕｓＡ５插入确实是同源交换而不是转座产生,表明 Ｔｎ５ ｇｕｓＡ５ 诱变可以应用于大豆慢生根 瘤菌中的突变林筛选。     

点状产气单胞菌脯氨酰内肽酶基因克隆与序列测定

点状产气单胞菌点状亚种（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ ｐｕｎｃａｔａ ｓｕｂｓｐ．ｐｕｎｃｔａｔａ）具有脯氨酰内肽酶（ｐｒｏｌｙｌ ｅｎｄｏｐｅｐｔｉｄａｓｅ ＰＥＰ）活性。将其染色体ＤＮＡ有Ｅｃｏ ＲⅠ部分酶切后回收８－１６ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段,与ＥｃｏＲⅠ消化载体ｐＵＣ１８连接后转化Ｅ．ｃｏｉｌ ＤＨ５α,用该酶的专一性底物Ｂｅｎｚｙｌｏｘｙｃａｒｂｏｎｙｌ－Ｇｌｙ－β－ｎａｐｈｔｈｙｌａｍｉｄｅ从质粒库中     

Detection of section-specific random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in Lilium

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were utilized for the identification of Lilium species and inter-specific hybrids. The optimum annealing temperature of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the RAPD assay in Lilium was 54 °C, which is relatively higher than the temperature used for other genera reported by previous researchers. Among 76 primers used to amplify genomic DNA by PCR, 18 primers (24%) generated polymorphic DNA fragments in Lilium species and hybrids. Cultivars were also identified by RAPD markers. Some amplified fragments were unique to species of each section and to hybrids derived from these species; that is, they were the section-specific DNA markers. Sections, Sinomartagon, Leucolirion b, Leucolirion a and Archelirion could be identified by 6 section-specific markers amplified with five primers. Seven inter-section hybrids showed the section-specific bands of both parental sections, indicating that these markers would be useful for identifying the parental sections of inter-section hybrids.     

Identification of wild and cultivated Hordeum species using two-primer RAPD fragments

Random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) analysis has been adapted to assess the degree of RAPD polymorphism within the genus Hordeum to determine if this approach can distinguish wild and cultivated species. Nineteen wild and seven cultivated accessions were evaluated using 4 random 10-mer primers. The potential of the RAPD assay was further increased by combining two primers in a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RAPD fragments generated by two pairs of arbitrary 10-mer primers discriminated six wild species and one cultivated species by banding profiles. The size of the amplified DNA fragments ranged from 150 to 2300 base pairs. 33 %percent of the fragments were common to both wild and cultivated species; 67% were specific to either wild or cultivated species. The average difference in fragments was less within the species than among the species. By comparing RAPD fingerprints of wild and cultivated barley, markers were identified among the set of amplified DNA fragments which could be used to distinguish wild and cultivated Hordeum species. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

用RAPD技术检测不同生态类型蜘蛛代表品种的基因组DNA多态性

蜘蛛有3种生态类型,即洞穴型、结网型和游猎型。利用RAPD技术检测3种生态类型蜘蛛的代表品种,即白额巨蟹蛛(游猎型)、漏斗蛛(结网型)、虎纹捕鸟蛛和七纺器蛛(洞穴型)的基因组DNA的多态性。用11个随机引物对3种生态类型的代表蜘蛛的基因组DNA进行扩增,平均每个品种观察到约22.5个标记,单个引物获得的标记在4～13个之间。实验结果经统计学分析表明,L纺器蛛和虎纹捕鸟蛛的随机扩增多态DNA共享度(F)高,在分子水平上进一步证实了同生态类型蜘蛛的亲缘天系最近,聚类结果表明,3种类型蜘蛛的总体演化趋势为:洞穴型 结网型—游猎型,与以往的形态学研究相符。     

DNA fragments of organellar origin in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

The technique of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) offers a broad range of applications in the investigation of plant genomes. A promising prospect is the use of RAPD products as genetic markers. We have investigated a possible organellar source of fragments in RAPD patterns of total DNA. Two nearly-isogenic lines of cytoplasmic male-sterile and male-fertile sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were subjected to RAPD analysis with six different primers. Total, nuclear, mitochondrial (mt), and chloroplast (cp), DNA from each line were investigated. Reproducible DNA fingerprints could be obtained from both organellar DNAs. Differences in band patterns of mtDNA between cytoplasmic male-sterile and -fertile lines were observed with five out of six primers, whereas different cpDNA patterns were generated by one of the primers. Consequently, the RAPD technique can be used to discriminate between different cytoplasms. Clear evidence is provided for the organellar origin of fragments in genomic (total DNA) RAPD patterns. The consequences of these results for the interpretation of RAPD analyses are discussed.     

检测植物DNA扩增多态性方法的比较和改进

以辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.)、锦鸡儿(Cargagana ssp.)和野大豆(Glycine soja(L.)Sieb.etZucc.)为材料,比较了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)和DNA扩增指纹(DAF)方法。用RAPD的琼脂糖胶电泳和溴乙锭染色,RAPD和DAF谱一般不足10条带。用DAF的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和银染,极大地提高了RAPD的灵敏度和分辨率,多达20～40个产物。用3＇末端完全相同的引物,RAPD和DAF有同样的扩增谱,说明两种方法有相似的机理。降低胶的浓度可提高RAPD和DAF的分辨率,达40～80条带。琼脂糖电泳分离的溴乙锭显示的单荧光带,用PAGE和银染可分辨出多个片段。分子克隆证实单荧光带的分子量异质性。在用Taq DNA多聚酶的条件下,RAPD和DAF的再现性均良好。     

RAPDs and noncoding chloroplast DNA reveal a single origin of the cultivated Allium fistulosum from A. altaicum (Alliaceae)

The origin of the crop species Allium fistulosum (bunching onion) and its relation to its wild relative A. altaicum were surveyed with a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of five noncoding cpDNA regions and with a random amplified polymorhic DNA (RAPD) analysis of nuclear DNA. Sixteen accessions of A. altaicum, 14 accessions of A. fistulosum, representing the morphological variability of the species, and five additional outgroup species from Allium section Cepa were included in this study. The RFLP analysis detected 14 phylogenetically informative character transformations, whereas RAPD revealed 126 polymorphic fragments. Generalized parsimony, neighbor-joining analysis of genetic distances, and a principal co-ordinate analysis were able to distinguish the two species, but only RAPD data allowed clarification of the interrelationship of the two taxa. The main results of this investigation were: (1) A. fistulosum is of monophyletic origin, and (2) A. fistulosum originated from an A. altaicum progenitor, making A. altaicum a paraphyletic species. Compared with A. altaicum the cultivated accessions of the bunching onion show less genetic variability, a phenomenon that often occurs in crop species due to the severe genetic bottleneck of domestication. Allium altaicum and A. fistulosum easily hybridize when grown together, and most garden-grown material is of recent hybrid origin.     

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis of Chickpea Accessions

Genetic diversity analysis was carried out in chickpea accessions using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. RFLP analysis using 26 Pst I sub-genomic clones on ten chickpea accessions in 130 probe-enzyme combinations detected polymorphism with only two clones. Pst I clones, CG 141 detected polymorphism in ICC 4918 and Pusa 209 while CG 500 detected polymorphism in Pusa 261, ILC 26 and in ILC 13326. These clones detected very few polymorphic markers. Analysis using 10 Eco RI clones on twelve chickpea accessions have shown better hybridisation signal and one clone detected polymorphism in Pusa 256. RFLP analysis of both cultivated and wild Cicer species using heterologous DNA probe Cab3C revealed polymorphism only in wild Cicer species (Cicer reticulatum L., JM 2100). RAPD analysis of 13 chickpea accessions which includes mutants of C 235 and E100Y showed greater degree of polymorphism with 1 - 5 unique DNA bands for all the accessions. Phylogenetic analysis of the RAPD data helped to group the accessions. C 235 and its mutants were found to be closely grouped while E100Y and its mutant E100Ym grouped apart. Desi and kabuli chickpea accessions however, could not be separately grouped. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Random amplified polymorphic DNA in cattle and sheep: application for detecting genetic variation

The present study investigated the use of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method to detect genetic variation in cattle and sheep. The animals studied consisted of samples from five Finnish cattle breeds: native Eastern (18 animals), Northern (24), Western Finncattle (24), Finnish Ayrshire (24), and Finnish Friesian (18); as well as a white (6 animals) and a grey (9) colour type of Finnsheep. The cattle and sheep populations were analysed with 11 and 13 RAPD primers demonstrating the most repeatable amplification pattern. Two out of ten RAPD fragments tested by cross hybridization showed homology between the two species. The RAPD method did not prove efficient for finding new polymorphisms in either species, because we found only three polymorphic RAPD markers for cattle and seven markers for sheep with different allele frequencies between the breeds. Although there is a greater presence of polymorphic RAPD markers in sheep, according to the similarity indices the sheep populations showed a higher degree of homogeneity than the cattle breeds. However, the interbreed and intrabreed similarity indices for cattle did not suggest any significant differentiation of the Finnish breeds, contrary to earlier results based on blood group and protein polymorphism.     

RAPD技术在芦荟属植物分类研究中的应用

采用CTAB法提取11个芦荟材料的基因组DNA为模板,以50个随机引物进行RAPD分析。结果表明：大部分引物可以在不同模板上扩增出条带,但仅有6个引物可以同时在11个芦荟材料的DNA上扩增出条带,对11个芦荟种变种的RAPD结果进行聚类分析,结果表明基本符合传统分类观点。对RAPD技术在芦荟属植物分类研究中的问题进行了讨论。