细胞质雄性不育辣椒育性恢复基因特异分子标记的筛选

利用集团分离分析法(Bulked segregant analysis BSA),以辣椒细胞质雄性不育系BU-12、恢复系RF-12为材料共筛选了336条RAPD引物,其中引物S418在恢复系中呈现特异性扩增,得到一条约3000bp的特异片段。回扩得到两条片段,测序表明大小为1515bp,1162bp。荧光原位杂交证实1515bp片段为恢复系特有,命名为S418_(1515)。序列分析表明S418_(1515)为一新发现的序列,Blastn序列比对同源性小于40%,tBlastx比对发现该序列与水稻2、4、7、10号染色体的几个BAC克隆上的序列高度同源。推测可能与其具有相似的编码功能,为进一步从分子水平研究辣椒育性恢复打下了坚实的基础。根据测序结果设计特异引物,将S418_(1515)转化成特异PCR标记,证明能用于候选材料的初筛。     

细胞质雄性不育花椰菜保持系特异分子标记的鉴定及序列分析

以花椰菜细胞质雄性不育系NK-6和相应保持系NK-6B为材料进行RAPD分析,筛选了406条RAPD引物,共获得了2160条清晰可辨的条带,平均每个引物产生5-10条。其中引物S2121在两系的扩增中表现出多态性,在保持系中特异扩增出一条934bp的片段。克隆、测序,根据测序结果设计特异性引物,将RAPD标记转化成特异PCR标记,命名为S2121900。经Southern点杂交分析及对单株和多份候选材料的检测证实该标记为花椰菜保持系所特有,可用于候选保持系的早期筛查。序列分析表明该片段与油菜、拟南芥线粒体上的序列有较高相似性,因此推测该片段亦可能来源于线粒体基因组。本研究为从另一角度解释花椰菜细胞质雄性不育的分子机制提供了新线索。     

番茄耐低温相关基因的SRAP标记筛选

以番茄耐低温和不耐低温基因组DNA为材料进行SRAP分析,共筛选了225对SRAP引物,其中27对引物在两池之间表现差异,经测序只有Me2Em5扩增出与番茄耐低温相关的差异性片段,大小约为273bp,该片段仅在耐低温植株中稳定扩增。经Blast分析比对,该片段与已报道的PEG和低温诱导后在沙冬青幼苗中表达基因的cDNA片段同源。根据差异片段序列设计特异引物,将M2E5—273标记成功转化为更稳定的SCAR标记。     

利用两种不同引物扩增金龟子COI序列片段的研究与对比

利用两类不同的引物,即通用引物(L1490,H219S)与特异引物(Pat,Jerry)分别对4种常见金龟子线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I(COI)基因片段序列进行扩增和测序,获得长度为689 bp与775 bp的序列.对测序结果进行遗传距离分析,并构建了4种金龟子系统进化树.结果表明,特异引物扩增序列的遗传距离在种内稳定性与种间的差异性都明显优于通用引物扩增序列,利用特异引物扩增序列所构建的系统进化树最符合实际情况,因此利用特异引物扩增序列更能够准确的对金龟子进行分类.     

小麦族中含St染色体组物种的特异分子标记的建立

以拟鹅观草(Pseudoroegneria spicata)、偏凸山羊草(Aegilops ventricosa)、二倍体簇毛麦(Dasypyrum villosum)、荆州黑麦(Secale cereale cv. Jingzhou rye)、普通小麦中国春(Chinese Spring)等15个物种为材料, 用200条10碱基随机引物进行RAPD分析, 筛选到拟鹅观草基因组中1个542 bp的特异DNA片段(GenBank登录号为DQ992032), 命名为OPH11542。根据OPH11542设计特异引物, 对小麦族物种进行PCR扩增, 发现拟鹅观草可以扩增出OPH11542以及分子量分别为742 bp (GenBank登录号为DQ992033, 记为OPH11742)和743 bp (GenBank登录号为EF014218, 记为OPH11743)的DNA片段, 而其他材料均未扩增出这3个片段。经序列比对结合多个软件的分析结果认为该3个片段为同一类新重复序列。利用特异引物对15份含St染色体的物种进行扩增, 发现含StY染色体组的物种均能扩增出OPH11742或OPH11743, 而含StH染色体组的物种均能扩增出OPH11542。这表明St染色体组在与其它染色体组组合形成多倍体的过程中往往会出现不同程度的重组或修饰。OPH11542、OPH11742和OPH11743可以作为检测St染色体的分子标记。     

利用两种不同引物扩增金龟子COⅠ序列片段的研究与对比

利用两类不同的引物,即通用引物(L1490,H2198)与特异引物(Pat,Jerry)分别对4种常见金龟子线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I(COⅠ)基因片段序列进行扩增和测序,获得长度为689 bp与775 bp的序列。对测序结果进行遗传距离分析,并构建了4种金龟子系统进化树。结果表明,特异引物扩增序列的遗传距离在种内稳定性与种间的差异性都明显优于通用引物扩增序列,利用特异引物扩增序列所构建的系统进化树最符合实际情况,因此利用特异引物扩增序列更能够准确的对金龟子进行分类。     

黑麦基因组特异DNA片段的分离与SCAR标记的建立

以2个栽培黑麦、2个野生黑麦和4个普通小麦为材料,从200条10碱基RAPD随机引物中筛选出1条引物H11。H11在小麦中有1条低拷贝扩增,而在黑麦中却有极高拷贝的扩增。对H11在黑麦中的高拷贝片段进行克隆、测序,得其全长679 bp,记作OPH11679。根据OPH11679设计特异PCR引物H11-F和H11-R,对小麦族其它物种和含黑麦染色质的物种进行验证,结果发现仅含黑麦染色质的物种能扩增出长为643 bp的片段(命名为pScH643),这表明该片段为黑麦所特有。用H11-F和H11-R对1套中国春-Imperial黑麦附加系等进行扩增,结果显示pScH643片段分布在黑麦整套染色体上,这一结果在小麦-黑麦异源材料的分析中得到进一步验证。即表明pScH643片段可作为SCAR标记用于含黑麦染色质材料的检测。     

谭清苏铁性别连锁的RAPD和SCAR分子标记

利用RAPD(Random amplified polymorphicDNA)分子标记技术,寻找谭清苏铁(Cycas tanqingii)中与性别相关的分子标记,筛选了160个10bp的随机引物,产生了2500多个RAPD条带。只有引物S0465(CCCCGGTAAC)产生了一条大约500bp的雌性特异RAPD标记,该分子标记出现在所有的供试雌性植株中,而所有的供试雄性植株都不具有该标记。对该特异片段进行了克隆和序列测定,并根据序列分析结果将RAPD标记转化为重复性和特异性更好的特异特征序列扩增区域(SCAR)分子标记,并命名为STQC-S465-483。分子标记的建立可用于谭清苏铁幼苗性别的早期鉴定,为谭清苏铁就地保护和迁地保护提供技术支持。     

超级杂交稻母本OsCHLHcDNA的生物信息学分析与克隆

通过生物信息学分析得到正确的水稻镁离子螯合酶H亚基(Mg-chelatase H subunit,CHLH)的cDNA.以超级杂交稻母本株1 S为材料提取总RNA,并反转录成cDNA,用得到的序列设计特异引物,经PCR扩增出株1 S cDNA片段,eDNA片段经T-A克隆后进行测序,获得一条长1 350 bp序列.提交NCBI的GenBank数据库后接收,登录号为EU569725.     

条形柄锈菌33号生理小种的分子标记

采用RAPD-SCAR分子标记技术,从300条RAPD随机引物中筛选到了对条形柄锈菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici33号生理小种特异的2条引物,将特异性片段回收、克隆和测序后(Gen Bank注册号为AB914691和AB914692),依据其序列设计出了2对引物S261F33/S261R33和S300F33/S300R33,能够特异性地从33号生理小种基因组DNA及发病小麦叶片总DNA中分别扩增出247bp和763bp的片段,其结果与采用常规的鉴别寄主法鉴定的结果一致。因此,这2对引物都可用于条形柄锈菌33号生理小种的快速鉴定与监测。     

萝卜细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的RAPD标记

以萝卜恢复系9802和不育系9802A配制杂交组合,并以174株个体组成的F2分离群体作为恢复基因的标记群体.以分离群体的不育株和可育株分别建立不育池和恢复池,利用100个RAPD引物对两池间的多态性进行研究.分析表明引物OPC6在两池间扩增出稳定的多态性差异.经连锁分析,证明标记OPC61900与萝卜细胞质雄性不育恢复基因连锁,遗传距离为11.6cM(Centimorgan).这个标记可应用于对育性恢复基因的标记辅助选择.     

Molecular Mapping of a Gene for Fertility Restoration of Wild Abortive (WA) Cytoplasmic Male Sterility using a Basmati Rice Restorer Line

The inheritance and molecular mapping of a fertility restorer gene in basmati quality restorer line PRR-78 was carried out using an F₂ mapping population from the cross IR58025A X PRR-78 employing microsatellite markers. Dominant monogenic control of fertility restoration was observed in the F₂, and further confirmed by test cross data. Out of 44 sequence tagged microsatellite (STMS) markers used in the bulked segregant analysis (BSA), four differentiated the fertile bulk from the sterile bulk as well as the two parental lines from each other. One of these markers, RM258 located on chromosome 10, was found linked to the restorer gene at a distance of9.5 cM. Considering the RM258 location, additional STMS (RM171 and RM294A) and sequence tagged site (STS) primers derived from restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) clones (G2155 and C1361) linked to fertility restorer gene(s) in other populations, were also used to find out a marker more tightly linked to the restorer gene. However, of these, RM171, RM294A and G2155 based primers amplified monomorphic fragments between parental lines and no amplification was observed with C1361. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analysis of non-polymorphic STMS and STS markers and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using five random primers reportedly linked to restorer gene in other populations, also failed to differentiate the two parents. While, the marker RM258 is being used in the restorer breeding to identify putative restorer lines, search for additional tightly linked markers is underway.     

红莲型杂交稻(红莲2号)及其骨干亲本的RAPD分析与鉴定

利用RAPD技术,从248个随机寡核苷酸引物（10－mer）中筛出18个引物对红莲型杂交稻组合红莲2号及其亲本（T－07A、T－07B、YD6－05）,另6个红莲型胞质不育系的骨干恢复和汕优63及其亲本共14份水稻材料进行分析。共检测到173个多态性标记。聚类分析结果表明：不育系与保持系间因核背景相似,遗传差异很小;杂种（F1）的基因型更倾向于恢复系;恢复系与保持系间遗传距离的相对较大,但各恢复系之间的遗传距离较小。利用这些标记能有效地地区交组合中不育系,保持系、恢复系和杂种（F1）。     

用微卫星标记定位小麦T型CMS的恢复基因

以T型细胞质雄性不育系 75 336 9A×恢复系 72 6 9 10的F2 群体作为育性调查和基因定位群体。通过育性分析 ,确定该恢复系含有 2个主效恢复基因 ;结合群分法 ,对恢复基因进行了SSR分子标记定位 ,在 2 30对微卫星引物中 ,微卫星标记Xgwm136和Xgwm5 5 0分别与 2个主效恢复基因连锁。这两个标记与Rf基因之间的遗传距离分别为 6 7cM和 5 1cM ,从而将该恢复基因定位在 1AS、1BS染色体上。     

Molecular markers linked to the Rf2 fertility restorer gene in cotton.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait in which plants do not produce viable pollen. Fertility in plants with CMS can be recovered by nuclear restorer genes. Most restorer genes cloned so far are members of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein family. The objective of our study was to use the CMS-D8 and restoration (Rf2) system of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to develop more DNA markers for the Rf2 gene. In a backcross population with 112 plants, segregation of male fertility was 1 fertile : 1 sterile. Three new RAPD markers were identified for Rf2, one of which was converted to a CAPS marker. In addition, 2 AFLP markers and 1 SSR marker were identified to be linked to the fertility restorer gene (Rf2). PPR motif primers were designed based on the conserved PPR motifs and used in combination with AFLP primers to test the mapping population, and 1 PPR-AFLP marker was identified. A linkage map with 9 flanking markers including 1 from a previous study was constructed.     

Mapping of the Rf-3 nuclear fertility-restoring gene for WA cytoplasmic male sterility in rice using RAPD and RFLP markers

The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) of wild-abortive (WA) cytoplasm has been widely used for breeding hybrid rice. Two restorer genes for the CMS have been found by traditional genetic analysis. To tag the restorer genes we used a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of Zhenshan 97 carrying different genotypes for fertility restoration from IR24, to perform RAPD analysis. From the survey of 720 random primers, six RAPD markers were identified to be associated with Rf-3. Three of these OPK05-800, OPU10-1100 and OPW01-350, were mapped on chromosome 1. Two populations from the crosses between Zhenshan 97 A and a near-isogenic restorer line ZSR21 and between Zhenshan 97 A and IR24 were used for mapping Rf-3. The three RAPD markers and three RFLP markers, RG532, RG140 and RG458, were found to be closely linked to Rf-3 in the two populations. The same location of Rf-3 was also found in a population from the cross of IR58025 A//IR36/IR58025 B. At the RG532 locus, different alleles were found between two CMS lines, Zhenshan 97 A and IR58025 A, and between two restorer lines, IR24 and IR36. The use of these molecular markers closely linked to Rf-3 in facilitating the development of hybrid rice is discussed. Received: 3 January 1996 / Accepted: 17 May 1996     

甘蓝型油菜Pol CMS育性恢复基因的PCR标记

采用恢、保回交群体和集团混合分析法,筛选了１０４０个１０－ｍｅｒ随机引物,找到了与甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育系（Ｐｏｌ ＣＭＳ）育性恢复基因（Ｒｆｐ）连锁的两个ＲＡＰＤ标记Ｓ１０１９７２０和Ｓ１０３６８１０。它们位于Ｒｆｐ的一侧,与该基因的遗传图距分别为５．８ｃＭ和１２．３ｃＭ。随后,克隆并测序这２个多态性片段,根据其２端序列设计了２对２０～２４－ｍｅｒ的特异引物,它们在１３８株的回交群体中Ｐ     

Identification of RAPD markers linked to a fertility restorer gene for theOgura radish cytoplasmic male sterility of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Bulked segregant analysis was employed to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the restorer gene (Rfo) used in theOgura radish cytoplasmic male sterility of rapeseed. A total of 138 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were screened on the DNA of three pairs of bulks, each bulk corresponding to homozygous restored and male sterile plants of three segregating populations. Six primers produced repeatable polymorphisms between paired bulks. DNA from individual plants of each bulk was then used as a template for amplification with these six primers. DNA polymorphisms generated by four of these primers were found to be completely linked to the restorer gene with the polymorphic DNA fragments being associated either with the fertility restorer allele or with the sterility maintainer allele. Pairwise cross-hybridization demonstrated that the four polymorphic DNA fragments did not share any homology. Southern hybridization of labelled RAPD fragments on digested genomic DNA from the same three pairs of bulks revealed fragments specific to either the male sterile bulks or to the restored bulks and a few fragments common to all bulks, indicating that the amplified sequences are low copy. The four RAPD fragments that were completely linked to the restorer locus have been cloned and sequenced to develop sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs). This will facilitate the construction of restorer lines used in breeding programs and is the first step towards map-based cloning of the fertility restorer allele.