一点红黄酮成分的分析及含量测定

对一点红中黄酮类成分进行了定性分析和定量测定,结果表明,在一点红中含有黄酮、黄酮醇、二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇等多种黄酮类化合物,并以芦丁为标样,用分光光度法测出总黄酮含量为4．02％。     

杜梨叶黄酮的提取工艺研究及其初步定性分析

目的:优化杜梨叶总黄酮提取的工艺及其初步定性分析.方法:研究了浸提温度、乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比等因素对杜梨叶中黄酮类化合物提取效果的影响,和正交试验进行优化,所得结果采用方差分析.采用颜色反应的方法进行杜梨叶中黄酮的初步定性分析.结果:确定了最佳单因素水平,正交实验确定了以乙醇为浸提荆的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1:22,温度80℃,浸提时间1h,在此条件下黄酮含量为5.03%.结论:杜梨叶中含黄酮类化合物,颜色反应试验表明,其成分主要集中在黄酮醇类和二氢黄酮类.     

黄酮类化合物对大豆脂肪氧合酶的抑制作用研究

研究了几种不同黄酮化合物(黄酮醇类化合物、异黄酮类化合物、查尔酮类化合物、二氢黄酮类化合物)对大豆脂肪氧合酶(LOX)的抑制作用,并根据实验结果初步探讨了不同结构黄酮类化合物对大豆脂肪氧合酶抑制作用的结构-活性抑制作用关系.结果表明:黄酮化合物均可对LOX有不同程度的抑制作用,除橙皮苷外,它们的抑制效果均与加入量成正比,黄酮醇类化合物的抑制效果最为明显,它们对LOX的半数抑制浓度(IC50)依次为芦丁>槲皮素>根皮素>大豆黄素>异甘草素>芒柄花素>甘草素,而橙皮苷的最大抑制率为0.47 μg/mL时的45.1%.     

菝葜与土茯苓黄酮类化合物的比较研究

对菝葜和土茯苓根茎中黄酮类化合物进行了定量测定和定性分析.结果表明：在菝葜和土茯苓根茎中均含有黄酮,黄酮醇,二氢黄酮,二氢黄酮醇等多种黄酮类化合物.以芦丁为标准品,用分光光度法测知菝葜和土茯苓根茎中总黄酮含量分别为3.36%和2.22%.     

棘豆属植物Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa化学成分研究

从棘豆属植物O.pseudoglandulosa的地上部分中分离得到2个芳香性酰胺类化合物和3个黄酮类化合物,经波谱学方法鉴定为N-苯乙基苯甲酰胺(N-phenylethyl-Benzamide,1),N-(2-羟基,2-苯乙基)肉桂酰胺(N-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)cinnamamide,2),5-羟基,7-甲氧基二氢黄酮(5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone,3),5-羟基,7-甲氧基黄酮(5-hydroxy-7-methoxyttavone,4),7-羟基二氢黄酮(7-hydroxyflavanone,5).其中3个黄酮类化合物均为首次从该植物中分得.     

2008~2012年蜂胶化学成分研究进展

近年来,蜂胶的化学成分成为了国内外蜂胶研究的热点。本文对2008~2012年国内外从蜂胶中分离鉴定出的新化学成分进行了分类汇总,给出了每种化学成分的名称以及蜂胶的地理来源,以期为蜂胶化学成分的研究、胶源植物的确定以及质量控制提供理论依据。本文共列出144种蜂胶中的新成分,其中,类黄酮化合物68种、萜类化合物38种、酚酸类化合物38种。     

艾纳香中的黄酮类化合物及其抗氧化与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

本文对艾纳香Blumea balsamifera DC.叶中的黄酮类成分及其抗氧化与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性进行了研究。从艾纳香叶中分离得到9个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为:4'-甲氧基二氢槲皮素(1),柽柳黄素(2),3,3'-二甲氧基槲皮素(3),7,4'-二甲氧基二氢槲皮素(4),(2α,3β)-二氢鼠李素(5),艾纳香素(6),sterubin(7),enodicytol(8),二氢槲皮素(9)。化合物3、5、8为首次从艾纳香中分离得到。分别用DPPH法和PNPG法筛选化合物的抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。结果表明化合物2、5~9表现出强抗氧化活性;化合物1~3、5、9表现有较高的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。该结果为艾纳香的品质评价和深度开发利用提供了理论依据。     

益智茎叶中黄酮类化学成分研究

对益智茎叶中黄酮类化学成分进行研究,采用多种色谱方法进行分离纯化,运用多种谱学方法并结合理化性质对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从益智茎叶95%乙醇提取物中共分离得到11个黄酮类化合物,其中包括8个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为:良姜素(izalpinin)(1)、杨芽黄素(tectochrysin)(2)、白杨素(chrysin)(3)、芹菜素(apigenin)(4)、刺槐素(acacetin)(5)、5-羟基-4',7-二甲氧黄酮(5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavone)(6)、山奈酚-4'-O-甲醚(kaempferol-4'-O-methylether)(7)、5,7,4'-三甲氧基黄酮(5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone)(8)和3个二氢黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为:乔松素(pinocembrin)(9)、球松素(pinostrobin)(10)和二氢山萘酚(dihydrokaempferol)(11)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物茎叶中分离得到,其中化合物6、8和10为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

小苍兰花色色素成分及稳定性分析

以小苍兰(Freesia refracta)16个不同花色品种及后代为试验材料,对花瓣色素用特征显色反应和紫外-可见光谱扫描,分析其色素的成分和花色素苷的稳定性.结果表明,小苍兰花色的色素属于类黄酮化合物,含黄酮和花色素苷类物质,可能含有异黄酮,不含黄酮醇、二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇、查耳酮和橙酮,其中黄色系品种及后代还含有类胡萝卜素.避光下小苍兰花色素苷的稳定性要强于光照;温度对花瓣色素的稳定性有一定的影响.     

海南黄芩中黄酮类化合物的分离与鉴定

目的:分离纯化海南黄芩中黄酮类化合物,并对其进行结构鉴定。方法:采用95%乙醇回流提取,醇提物用石油醚和氯仿萃取获得黄酮类化合物;采用岛津LC-10AD二元低压半制备液相色谱仪和Agilent半制备色谱柱(Phenyl,2.5 mm×25.0 cm,5μm)对氯仿萃取物进行分离纯化;采用高效液相色谱法对分离纯化获得的化合物进行纯度测定,并采用1H-NMR、13C-NMR波谱技术对其进行结构鉴定。结果:从海南黄芩中分离得到了5种化合物,纯度均大于95%,分别鉴定为5-羟基-7,8,2',6'-四甲氧基二氢黄酮、5,6,7-三羟基-2'-甲氧基黄酮、5,2'-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄酮、黄芩素和黄芩素-7甲醚。结论:5种化合物均为首次从海南黄芩中分离得到,它们的获得丰富了海南黄芩化学成分组成,为其深入研究与开发提供了科学依据。     

Study on propolis quality from China and Uruguay

The composition, bacteriostatic and ROO*-scavenging potential activities of fifteen propolis samples from various botanic and geographic origins were determined to obtain objective information related to propolis quality. Variance analysis showed significant differences (p < or = 0.05) in the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids and active components between fresh and aged propolis. The state of the product (fresh or aged) could be differentiate by using flavonoid pattern and biological activities. A minimum propolis concentration of 80 microg/ml was required inhibit Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus while 800 microg/ml was required to inhibit Escherichia coli using fresh propolis. Aged propolis inhibit B. subtilis and S. aureus at concentration of 100 microg/ml and E. coli at 1000 microg/ml. A minimum flavonoids percentage of 18 g/100 g and a maximum ROO*-scavenging potential activity of 4.3 microg/ml were determined in fresh propolis. Flavonoids levels in aged propolis were approximately 20% lower than in fresh propolis. A maximum flavonoids percentage of 19.8 g/100 g and a ROO*-scavenging potential activity between 5.7 to 6.4 microg/ml in aged propolis were quantified. Another objective was to assess the use of ROO*-scavenging potential activity in propolis quality.     

Egyptian propolis: 2. Chemical composition,antiviral and antimicrobial activities of East Nile Delta propolis

Three propolis samples from East Nile Delta, Egypt were collected. Propolis samples were investigated by GC/MS,103 compounds were identified, 20 being new for propolis. Dakahlia propolis was a typical poplar propolis but it contained two new caffeate esters and two new triterpenoids. Ismailia propolis was characterized by the presence of new triterpenic acid methyl esters and it did not contain any aromatic acids, esters and flavonoids. Sharkia propolis was characterized by the presence of caffeate esters only, some di- and triterpenoids. The antiviral (Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Reo-Virus) and antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli and Candida albicans) activities of propolis samples were investigated. Dakahlia propolis showed the highest antiviral activity against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) and the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and the highest antifungal activity against Candida albicans. While Ismailia propolis had the highest antiviral activity against Reo-virus. Sharkia propolis showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and moderate antiviral activity against infectious bursal disease virus and reovirus.     

蜂胶黄酮对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量的影响

目的探讨蜂胶黄酮对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法采用大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型（MCAO）,研究蜂胶黄酮对脑缺血再灌注脑梗死体积和行为学评分的影响,对脑组织内IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量的影响。结果蜂胶黄酮能够减少MCAO脑梗死体积和行为学评分,降低脑组织中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量（P〈0．05）。结论蜂胶黄酮对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有一定保护作用,其作用机制与降低脑组织中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量有关。     

Effect of Egyptian propolis on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification and its antiviral activity with special emphasis on chemical composition

The antioxidant activity of eight Egyptian propolis samples from different localities was evaluated by the antioxidative potential and capacity of the DPPH-ESR signal, superoxide anion generated in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase (XOD) system and low density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation assay. As, F, Is and D samples showed the highest antioxidative capacity and potential, respectively. The El, IsR, Is, D and So samples exhibited highly significant antioxidant activity in the XOD system and in LDL peroxidation assays. The antiviral activity of propolis samples was investigated. They showed variations in their activity; sample D induced the highest antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus. 42 Polyphenolic compounds were identified by HPLC; 13 aromatic acids, esters and alcohols were present, 29 flavonoids were identified, 6 of them being new to propolis.     

Recent development of chemical components in propolis

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources. On account of its chemical composition, propolis possesses several biological and pharmacological properties. In recent years, many papers have provided information concerning its composition. This review compiles data from most studies of propolis, focusing on the chemical composition of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP), water extracts of propolis (WEP), and volatile oils from propolis (VOP). The characteristic compounds of EEP are polyphenols including flavonoids and related phenolic acids, and flavonoids are the most abundant and effective parts. They are considered to contribute more to the antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant effects than the other constituents. The main flavonoids in EEP are pinocembrin, galangin, chrysin, quercetin, kaempferol, and naringenin. The constituents reported to be in WEP include phenolic acids, caffeoylquinic acid, 3-mono-O-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, flavonoids, etc. The propolis volatile compounds are benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, cinnamic alcohol, vanillin, eudensmol, cyclohexyl benzoate, and benzyl benzoate, which are responsible for several biological properties. As a natural mixture, propolis is widely used in medicine and cosmetics, as well as being a constituent of health foods. Since propolis has been used extensively, information on its composition is not only of interest to the academic field, but also to propolis users.     

Recent development of chemical components in propolis

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources. On account of its chemical composition, propolis possesses several biologi-cal and pharmacological properties. In recent years, many papers have provided information concerning its composi-tion. This review compiles data from most studies of propolis, focusing on the chemical composition of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP), water extracts of propolis (WEP), and volatile oils from propolis (VOP). The characteristic compounds of EEP are polyphenols includ-ing flavonoids and related phenolic acids, and flavonoids are the most abundant and effective parts. They are considered to contribute more to the antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant effects than the other constituents. The main flavonoids in EEP are pinocembrin, galangin, chrysin, quercetin, kaempferol, and naringenin. The constituents reported to be in WEP include phenolic acids, caffeoylquinic acid, 3-mono-O-caffeoylquinie acid, caffeic acid, flavonoids, etc. The propolis volatile compounds are benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, cinnamic alcohol, vanillin, eudensmol, cyclohexyl benzoate, and benzyl benzoate, which are responsible for several biological properties. As a natural mixture, propolis is widely used in medicine and cosmetics, as well as being a constituent of health foods. Since propolis has been used extensively, information on its composition is not only of interest to the academic field, but also to propolis users.     

The anticarcinogenic effect of propolis in human lymphocytes culture

The in vitro anticarcinogenic potential of propolis in human lymphocytes was investigated. Blood samples were obtained from ten healthy males, non-smoking volunteers, which were incubated and exposed to increasing concentrations of propolis (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 ml). The mean micronucleus rates were 1.47±0.38–4.02±0.64. Mitotic index rates were between 19.45±2.22 and 0.28±0.33. The differences between the control and exposed cells were statistically significant (p0.05). We conclude that exposure to different concentrations of propolis cannot produce a carcinogenic effect in peripheral human lymphocytes in vitro. However, increasing micronucleus (MN) rates showed that propolis could have a carcinogenic effect in high concentrations.

Also chemical analysis of propolis sample was evaluated by GC/MS. Propolis sample mainly contains flavonoids, fatty and aromatic acids and their esters.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> antifungal activity of propolis samples of Czech and Slovak origin

Propolis has been used in traditional folk medicine for ages owing to a number of biological effects. Four propolis samples of Czech and one of Slovak origin were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus and analysed by thin-layer chromatography. Raw propolis samples and their extracts were tested by microdilution broth method to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in eight strains of human pathogenic fungi. Raw propolis samples showed a lower in vitro antifungal activity than their extracts. In general, the petroleum ether extracts exhibited the highest in vitro antifungal activity (MIC range of 16–64 μg/ml). The content of flavonoids in the samples varied according to region. The highest amount of flavonoids was found in sample A that originated from Broumov (4%). The most susceptible to the propolis extracts were Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans. The propolis samples of Czech and Slovak origin and their extracts showed a considerable in vitro antifungal effect which was associated especially with nonpolar petroleum ether and toluene extracts. There was only a partial correlation between flavonoids content and in vitro antifungal activity.     

Suppression of dioxin mediated aryl hydrocarbon receptor transformation by ethanolic extracts of propolis

Present study demonstrated that the ethanolic extracts of propolis containing higher concentrations of flavonoids suppressed 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor transformation in a dose-dependent manner. The IC(50) values of propolis group 3 and group 12 were 1.2 and 3.6 microg/ml, respectively, indicating that propolis showed stronger antagonistic effects as compared with vegetable extracts.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of a novel propolis formulation (Actichelated propolis)

AIMS: This study compared in vitro activities of Actichelated propolis (a multicomposite material obtained with mechano-chemichal activation) and of a hydroalcoholic extract of propolis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), determined by means of microdilution broth method, against five strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showed a greater potency of Actichelated propolis (MIC range: 0.016-4 mg flavonoids ml(-1)) in respect to the hydroalcoholic extract (MIC range: 0.08-21.4 mg flavonoids ml(-1)). Concentrations of Actichelated propolis active against adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus and herpes virus type 1 were at least 10 times lower than those of the hydroalcoholic extract. Preincubation of Strep. pyogenes and H. influenzae with subinhibitory concentrations of Actichelated propolis (1/4 and 1/8 x MIC) significantly reduced the number of bacteria that adhered to human buccal cells. CONCLUSIONS: Actichelated propolis has proven to possess antibacterial and antiviral activity higher than a hydroalcoholic extract, being also able to interfere on bacterial adhesion to human oral cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This new formulation of propolis showing better antimicrobial and physical characteristics could improve the application of propolis in respiratory tract infections.