首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
有蹄类食性研究方法的评价   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
陈化鹏 《动物学杂志》1991,26(2):40-41,64
本文对有蹄类食性的研究方法进行了比较,结果得出粪便和胃分析法同样精确,且前者好于后者,加上取样容易,更适于用来研究我国有蹄类的食性,但限于经济条件尚难在我国应用。而利用法因精确性差,只能作为食物组成的定性描述或其他研究方法的补充。  相似文献   

2.
韦怡  姜广顺 《生物多样性》2022,30(9):21551-242
虎(Panthera tigris)和豹(P. pardus)及有蹄类猎物的种群数量监测是虎豹保护的核心任务, 也是制定有效管理、保护和恢复措施的基础。近年来, 国内外用于虎豹种群数量监测的方法主要有: 信息网络收集法、基于标志重捕模型的红外相机调查法和非损伤采样粪便DNA分析技术; 有蹄类猎物的监测方法主要有: 样线法、样带法、大样方法、红外相机调查技术和非损伤性遗传标志重捕法。每种监测方法基于的假设前提和生态学原理不同, 监测结果的准确度也不同。由于监测物种的生物学特征、种群分布状况、监测目标和空间尺度或环境因素各异, 每种方法的适用性也不同。本文从野外调查设计、数据收集、处理分析等方面对虎豹及其有蹄类猎物数量监测方法的应用过程和统计原理进行了介绍, 分析了各种监测方法的优缺点, 并针对在虎豹监测中相机布设密度过大可能造成的伪重复抽样, 以及应用虎豹监测设计的自动相机监测替代猎物种群监测数量的评估等不科学的方面进行了探讨和建议。  相似文献   

3.
贺兰山同域分布岩羊和马鹿的夏季食性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
2008年78月贺兰山对同域分布的岩羊和马鹿粪便进行采集,利用粪便显微分析法对二者夏季食性进行了研究。从10个沟系中一共收集了297堆岩羊和305堆马鹿粪便,每堆中捡拾2粒粪粒,组成40个复合样本进行分析。结果表明,夏季在岩羊采食的19科35种(属)植物中,针茅(29.74%)、早熟禾(18.82%)、内蒙古邪蒿(10.30%)、灰榆(7.76%)、冰草(7.47%)是其主要食物,针茅是岩羊夏季的大宗食物;夏季在马鹿取食的11科18种(属)植物中,小红柳(36.26%)、山杨(23.10%)、灰榆(16.84%)等是其主要食物,小红柳为马鹿夏季的大宗食物。夏季岩羊采食植物中,乔木占8.67%,灌木占3.97%,禾本科草本占69.43%,非禾本科草本占17.94%;马鹿采食植物中,乔木占89.61%,灌木占5.38%,禾本科草本占1.03%,非禾本科草本占3.99%。从食物多样性和食物生态位宽度来看,岩羊的Shannon-Wiener指数高于马鹿,而马鹿的Pielou均匀性指数和食物生态位宽度指数高于岩羊,岩羊和马鹿共有9种食物重叠,生态位重叠指数为65.17%。  相似文献   

4.
啮齿动物食性研究的意义及方法评述   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
啮齿动物的食性是种群生态学的重要组成部分,也是制定鼠害防治策略的常用参考指标.现在已有多种方便适用的方法对其进行研究,国内外学者已在相关领域取得大量研究成果.本文对啮齿动物食性的各种研究方法进行了总结和整理,同时对近40年来国内外的部分相关研究成果进行了综述,分析该研究领域的前景,旨在为今后的研究提供更多思路.  相似文献   

5.
有蹄类动物营养状况的测定方法及其评价   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
营养状况对于动物的生存和繁殖至关重要,是有蹄类动物种群管理的前提条件之一。文章综述了有蹄类动物营养状况的几种主要测定方法,简要介绍了这些方法的理论前提、基本模型、适用范围,并评价了它们的优缺点及如何提高其准确性的方法和途径。  相似文献   

6.
有蹄类繁殖能够保障有蹄类传递遗传物质并保证种群延续,具体表现在婚配制度、繁殖策略、育幼等方面,有蹄类的繁殖体现了其对环境的适应,具有多样性。早期以及近年来的大量研究表明,多种因素可以影响有蹄类的繁殖,这些因素包括营养、环境和管理因素等。其中,营养因素主要包括能量、蛋白质、微量元素和维生素等;环境因素主要包括光周期、温度和湿度等;管理因素主要包括运输和各种医疗处理等。如何减少不利环境因素对有蹄类繁殖的影响也得到了越来越多的关注。本文阐述了有蹄类的婚配制度、繁殖策略及育幼行为,重点介绍了人工饲养条件下影响有蹄类繁殖的因素,以期为深入研究有蹄类繁殖、减少不利因素对有蹄类繁殖造成的不利影响、提高有蹄类养殖经济效益提供依据。  相似文献   

7.
郑生武 《四川动物》1992,11(1):43-44
食物对动物的生殖、生长发育、地理分布、季节迁移和死亡等生命活动起着极其重要的影响。各种动物的食性决定其在生物群落中的地位和作用,是人类决定其益害关系的主要依据。作者以多年的经验,总结如下。  相似文献   

8.
跳甲的食性及食性分化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
跳甲隶属于鞘翅目叶甲科跳甲亚科,是一类具有重要经济意义的植食性昆虫。本文对跳甲食性及食性分化的研究进展进行了综述,诠释了寄主植物的概念,分析了昆虫食性专化发生的原因。跳甲亚科的寄主植物的范围虽广,但有85%的属为专食性属。一般认为,专食性的跳甲亚科和萤叶甲亚科是由食性较广的叶甲亚科进化而来的,食性分化在其中可能起了重要作用。广食性代价推动了食性分化的发生,广食性代价假说受到越来越多的实验支持。有关食性分化方向的观点倾向于寄主植物转向化学物质相似的植物,表现为寄主转移、寄主扩张和形成寄主型等;食性分化推动了同域物种形成。跳甲食性分化的研究对于丰富研究昆虫与植物相互关系的协同进化理论也有重要作用。  相似文献   

9.
吴玥  张恩迪 《四川动物》2005,24(2):226-229
随着与分子生物学的结合,传统的粪便学不仅拓宽了在种群生态学、行为生态学及保护遗传学等研究时取样的范围,而且能提供更多的有效信息,使得传统的粪便计数方法得以在新的领域里发展。本文对传统粪便学在有蹄类动物数量研究中的应用加以总结,并结合国内外研究现状对分子粪便学在这一领域内的可靠性、局限性及应用前景做了概述。  相似文献   

10.
牛蛙食性的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
瞿伯以 《生物学杂志》1992,(1):22-23,38
牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana Shaw)属于脊椎动物门(Vertebrata)、两栖纲(Amphibia)、无尾目(Anura)、蛙科(Ranidae)、蛙亚科(Raniinae)、蛙属(Rana)。牛蛙原产北美洲洛矶山一带沼泽地区,因其鸣叫声远闻似牛叫而得名“牛蛙”。牛蛙的种类较多,如美国牛蛙、春蛙、沼泽牛蛙、非洲牛蛙、非洲大牛蛙等。由于牛蛙生长发育快,体重可达0.5-1.5公斤,肉质鲜美可口、商品性好、食用价值高而先后被加拿大、古巴、墨西哥、南美洲以及日本等国引进饲养。我国八十年代引养的牛蛙属美国牛蛙,又叫“喧蛙”,有的称“食用蛙”。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The recent decline of the northern fur seal population breeding on the Pribilof Islands has not yet been explained. This study estimates the amounts and sizes of walleye pollock (the fur seal's main prey) removed by predatory fish, fur seals and commercial fisheries in the main fur seal feeding area in the eastern Bering Sea during summer 1985. Fur seals relied primarily on age-1 pollock during 1985, while predatory fish consumed pollock mainly of ages 0-1. The fishery took pollock older than age-3. This indicated no direct effect of fishery removal on fur seal prey abundance, at least during the study period. In the short term, the 1985 pollock fishery may have indirectly affected fur seal prey abundance in a positive manner by removing adult pollock that compete with fur seals for age-1 pollock.  相似文献   

13.
黄尾鲴仔幼鱼阶段的食性是随着鳃耙和肠管形态的变化而变化。体长11.8—12.3mm,鳃耙形状开始分化,肠呈1—2弯曲,仔鱼吞食小型枝角类,主要是裸腹溞;体长15.8—17.4mm,口端位,鳃耙成筛网,肠呈4—8弯曲,前肠膨大,主要食物是腐屑,摇蚊幼虫,“水华”型的裸藻与蓝绿藻。体长18mm的幼鱼,口下位,鳃耙与肠管进一步发育,幼鱼转入底栖,其前肠内含物主要为泥沙、腐屑、摇蚊幼虫,浮游动物与浮游植物。黄尾鲴成鱼的主要食物为大量的腐屑和极少数的着生硅藻、颤藻。成鱼食物营养价值很差,其总N含量为0.372%,有机质为4.8%,每克湿重的热值为146.35卡,成鱼周年摄食,摄食量大,这是黄尾鲴摄食的特点。  相似文献   

14.
15.
The food habits of the Iriomote catFelis iriomotensis were studied by analyzing 177 feces collected monthly from 1987 to 1988. A total of 26 food items were identified. The frequency of lizards and frogs in the feces was higher than those of mammals and birds. The food habits changed greatly seasonally.Eumeces skinks were fed on most frequently, and found in the feces with a similar high frequency occurrence in March–April and July–September, while their proportion to the total number of food items was larger in March–April than in July–September. The cats fed on larg-sized skinks, adultEumeces kishinouyei, more in March–April than in other seasons. The number of skinks sighted in the course of a road census was greater from March to August, and large-sized skinks were sighted more in March–April than in July–August. The cats fed selectively on large-sized skinks in every season. Therefore, changes in the food habits depended on the food availability. Characteristics of food habits in the Iriomote cat are discussed in comparison with the food habits of other felids in temperate and tropical regions.  相似文献   

16.
对阿尔泰山上的阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫进行了为期6年的食性观察,发现阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫在野外采食的植物是新疆芍药、块根芍药、白喉乌头、阿尔泰牡丹草、新疆藜芦、新疆猪牙花、阿尔泰羽衣草、柳兰、新疆白鲜和药用蒲公英,与蝠蛾属的其他昆虫不同。其中,大部分植物为新疆阿尔泰山上的特有植物和中药,甚至有些还有毒性。在人工饲养的情况下,阿尔泰蝠蛾喜食胡萝卜和南瓜。该观察结果将为以后阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫的野外采集和人工饲养等研究提供一定的帮助。  相似文献   

17.
    
Salinity variation in estuarine environments influences the distribution of fish species as well as the availability of food resources to be used by them. This study examines the effect of the range of salinity on the trade-off between growth and feeding intensity of Atherinella brasiliensis from two tropical estuaries (positive and hypersaline). To investigate the effects of salinity, we hypothesized that hypersalinity negatively affects foraging intensity, consumption and prey selection by the Brazilian silverside, leading to differences in body condition. Sampling was carried out using the beach seine method in two areas of the estuaries (upper and lower zone) during rainy and dry periods. A total of 2549 stomachs (1124 for the positive estuary and 1425 for the hypersaline estuary) were examined, and the results indicated a dissimilarity of 92.7% of the diet between environments. In the positive estuary, there was more predation on Calanoida, Gastropoda, Hymenoptera, Ceratopogonidae larvae and Decapoda larvae, while Alga and plant-material characterized the diet in the hypersaline estuary. Significant correlations between the volume of food and salinity were observed in both estuaries. The vacuity index indicated that hypersaline environments presented higher contributions of semifull stomachs, indicating an intense consumption of algae. On the other hand,in the positive estuary, these values were less intense, but the stomachs were always with animal items. The variation found for both environments reinforces the effect of salinity on the physiological mechanism of the populations once the higher proportions of filled stomachs in the hypersaline environment indicate the need for constant and high ingestion of prey to guarantee the pronounced energy expenditure with osmoregulation.  相似文献   

18.
刘燕媚  汪安泰  李世昌  李荔 《四川动物》2012,31(3):393-396,332
对分布于中国深圳的宋卡湖根管虫Ficopomatus talehsapensis Pillai,2008进行了实验观察.结果表明:1)雌雄异体,精子或卵从鳃冠基部喷射至水中,体外受精,繁殖力强,受精后约0.8h开始卵裂,生活史经历早期胚胎发育、担轮幼虫、后担轮幼虫、游毛幼虫、后游毛幼虫、刚节幼体及成虫;2)鳃丝具呼吸、感觉、滤食功能,以单细胞藻类和有机碎屑为食;3)担轮幼虫至成体均具眼点,但视觉功能退化;4)对水环境的适应能力极强.讨论了根管虫对生境水质的影响.  相似文献   

19.
    
This study examined the seasonal use of rocky intertidal areas by young-of-the-year (YOY) Sebastes spp. at three locations in northern California, 2003 to 2005. Six species of Sebastes were noted during the study with black rockfish Sebastes melanops comprising >99% of the total number sampled. Sebastes melanops were noted in rocky intertidal areas from May to August with peak abundances occurring in May or June. Variation in recruitment and feeding was evident among years. Diet analysis, using the index of relative importance (% I RI) and the modified index (% I M), showed that YOY S. melanops and Sebastes mystinus consumed a variety of prey items with harpacticoid copepods and gammaridean amphipods being the dominant prey categories. The rocky intertidal appears to serve as an important habitat for YOY S. melanops in northern California.  相似文献   

20.
三角帆蚌食性及摄食率的初步研究   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19       下载免费PDF全文
三角帆蚌( Hyriopsis cumingii) 属滤食性双壳贝类, 通过滤水来摄食水中的浮游生物和有机碎屑等食物, 可使水质得到相应改善。作者在水库已连续多年开展了较大规模的三角帆蚌净水试验研究工作。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号