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1.
陈阿兰  陈海龙 《昆虫知识》2011,48(5):1509-1512
室内饲养了灰翅麦茎蜂Cephus fumipennis Eversmann,对该种蛹的发育进行了研究。结果表明,灰翅麦茎蜂蛹期(30±2.08)d,根据蛹体色的显著变化分为5级(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ),其历期依次为:(6.5±0.55)d、(3.9±0.48)d、(4.4±0.5)d、(4.6±0.49)d和(10.5±1.04)d。通过蛹的发育进度和分级预测法研究,可预测灰翅麦茎蜂成虫的防治适期。  相似文献   

2.
灰翅麦茎蜂为害损失结构分析及防治指标研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
灰翅麦茎蜂CephusfumipennisEversmann是甘肃省中部地区部分春麦产区的主要害虫之一,在国内已知为害区有陕西的秦岭山区、青海东部麦作区等地。自80年代以来为害逐年加重,目前兰州市区灰翰麦茎蜂发生面积1.6万hm2,年损失小麦530万kg。因此分析灰翅麦茎蜂为害损失结构,进一步认识其对产量损失的影响过程,合理地确定当前生产条件下该虫的防治指标,及时准确地指导大田防治是非常必要的。1试验材料和方法1.1虫源:在田间麦茬内采集越冬虫茧,置入疏松的土壤内,深度为3cm左右,外用0.5m×0.5m×1.0m的纱网罩住。环境条件与大田相同…  相似文献   

3.
为筛选针对我国黄淮麦区小麦茎腐病抗病新种质,建立可区分小麦其他茎基部病害的茎腐病抗性鉴定方法,本文采用室内苗期鉴定方法对主要来自黄淮麦区的108份小麦品种和高代品系进行茎腐病抗性评价,对其中45份小麦材料同时采用荧光定量PCR方法测定基部茎秆的禾谷镰刀菌DNA含量并与其茎腐病平均病级进行相关分析。共筛选到中抗茎腐病材料22份,未发现高抗和免疫品种(系);相关分析结果表明,小麦基部茎秆禾谷镰刀菌DNA含量与其茎腐病平均病级呈极显著正相关(r=0.73**),小麦基部茎秆禾谷镰刀菌DNA含量可以作为小麦茎腐病抗性的重要参考。抗病新种质的筛选和荧光定量PCR抗性评价方法的建立将为今后黄淮麦区小麦抗茎腐病品种的培育提供帮助。  相似文献   

4.
烟翅麦茎蜂幼虫田间分布型及抽样技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张长江  张杰 《昆虫知识》1997,34(3):162-163
烟翅麦茎蜂CephusfumipennisEversmann是我省中部地区小麦上的主要害虫,1994年全省发生8.7万多hm2,损失小麦1000多万kg。为了了解其幼虫田间分布型,采用正确取样方法和最适抽样数,以提高损失率和防治效果调查的准确性,1994年我们在定西地区进行了调查,现将结果整理如下。l调查方法在定西地区通渭县选麦茎蜂为害率不同的麦田3块,每块田连续取样49个样点,每样点查100株,记载幼虫数(死、活虫及天敌取食虫均计)。将调查资料列频次分布表,统计平均虫数和方差,用聚集度指标、方差与平均数的幂法则,平均数与平均拥剂度的回归式来测…  相似文献   

5.
<正> 乌翅麦茎蜂(Cephus sp.)是兰州市小麦生产上一种新发生的害虫。经过几年试验观察,基本搞清了它的发生规律,初步找到了比较有效的防治措施。 一、生活史与习性 乌翅麦茎蜂在兰州地区每年发生一代。7月以老熟幼虫在小麦根茬中造薄茧越冬。翌年4月下旬开始化蛹,5月上旬进入盛期,5月中旬为化蛹末期。成虫羽化自5月中旬开始,5月下旬达盛期,羽化期长约20天。成虫飞翔能  相似文献   

6.
为探索小麦-油菜(麦-油)间作田释放水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)对麦长管蚜及其优势天敌时序动态的影响和对麦长管蚜的生态控制效应,于2008年10月至2010年6月在山东农业大学泰安实验站进行田间试验.结果表明:麦-油间作与MeSA协同处理区的麦长管蚜无翅蚜种群数量比对照约提前12 d达到高峰,但峰值显著低于小麦单作区.百株小麦麦长管蚜无翅蚜年平均总量:小麦单作区>麦-油间作区>MeSA处理区>间作和MeSA协同处理区,而且间作和MeSA协同处理区瓢虫总量最高;蚜茧蜂发生高峰期比对照提前约10 d,对小麦灌浆期的蚜虫能起到明显的控制作用.以生物控制指数(BCI)作为定量指标、把瓢虫和蚜茧蜂作为优势控制因子进行分析发现,从小麦抽穗到灌浆期,2种因素协同处理能更有效地抑制麦长管蚜无翅蚜的种群增长.  相似文献   

7.
<正> 麦茎蜂cephus pygmaeus(L.)为害小麦形成籽粒瘦秕,造成减产。80年代以来,随着耕作制度的改变和生态环境条件的变化,为害逐年加重。据调查,平均被害株率:1983年为12%、1984年18.4%、1985年29.2%;千粒重平均下降31.3%。 该虫在河南省每年发生1代。3月底4月  相似文献   

8.
【目的】麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae是我国冬小麦产区的重要害虫,为明确小麦-油菜间作(简称:麦油间作)和小麦-大蒜间作(简称:麦蒜间作)田中麦长管蚜及其天敌的种群发生动态,进而为麦田天敌资源的可持续利用和小麦害虫的生态控制提供依据。【方法】本文研究了不同间作方式下,麦长管蚜及其主要自然天敌的种群发生特点,并尝试采用数量食物网的分析方法,描述和分析了不同营养阶层的互作关系。【结果】在调查期内,麦油间作田和麦蒜间作田中麦长管蚜无翅蚜的种群密度在小麦灌浆期显著低于单作田;麦油间作田中有较高的瓢虫种群密度,而寄生蜂的种群密度在小麦抽穗扬花期显著高于单作田和麦蒜间作田;麦蒜间作田有翅蚜的种群数量显著高于单作田和麦油间作田,而对瓢虫和蚜茧蜂的种群数量变动无明显影响。数量食物网分析表明,除草蛉类和食蚜蝇类外,其他同一种类的天敌类群,对3种间作方式下麦长管蚜的控制贡献率差别不大。【结论】麦油间作和麦蒜间作能够提高麦蚜主要天敌的种群数量,进而控制麦长管蚜的危害。  相似文献   

9.
基于模式标本和新材料研究了茎蜂科脊颜茎蜂属,修订了该属属征和主要鉴别特征.该属唇基上区具锐利中脊,下唇须第4节短,明显宽于下颚须第4节,左上额粗短,中部显著弯折,雄虫多数鞭分节腹侧钝齿状突出,雌虫部分锯刃具多列亚基齿等特征,与茎蜂科其余各属均不相同.描述了脊颜茎蜂属1新种,采集自江西和湖南南部山区.编制了种检索表.  相似文献   

10.
研究江汉平原豆麦(大豆/小麦)和稻麦(水稻/小麦)轮作系统中冬小麦生长规律对氮肥运筹模式的响应,可为缩小两种轮作模式下的小麦产量差异提供理论依据。试验设置传统施肥(70%底肥,30%越冬期追肥)和优化施肥(1/3底肥,1/3越冬期追肥,1/3拔节期追肥)2个处理,并以不施氮处理为对照,分析了豆麦和稻麦轮作系统中冬小麦的生长规律、产量及产量构成因素、肥料利用率和施肥效益等。结果表明: 施氮和轮作模式均对小麦产量有显著影响,优化施肥产量显著高于传统施肥,两者产量差异在豆麦轮作系统下为920 kg·hm-2,在稻麦轮作系统下为2195 kg·hm-2。相同轮作模式下,传统施肥冬季、春季群体茎蘖数高于优化施肥,而优化施肥在整个生育期干物质总积累量较传统施肥高5%~31%(豆麦)和14%~28%(稻麦)。传统施肥下豆茬小麦产量较高的原因是穗数、成穗率、群体干物质积累量等均高于稻茬小麦;优化施肥下稻茬小麦产量较豆茬小麦增加幅度更大,表明优化氮肥模式可缩小豆麦与稻麦轮作中小麦的产量差异。两种轮作模式中小麦花后粒重分别呈现“慢-快-中”(豆麦)和“中-快-慢”(稻麦)的增加趋势;氮肥农学效率、小麦季纯收益等指标均以稻麦轮作优化施肥处理最高。综上,在江汉平原地区,稻麦轮作优化施肥处理下小麦群体结构合理,干物质积累量较高,产量和施肥效益增加显著,是江汉平原地区兼顾产量与施肥效益的最佳模式。  相似文献   

11.
The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), has reached outbreak status at most locations in the southern Canadian prairies. Solid-stemmed wheat, Triticum aestivum L., cultivars, which are less susceptible to damage, remain the primary management option. This article quantifies the effect of wheat stem sawfly damage on grain yield and quality at harvest and determines how cultivar selection affects harvest losses. Solid-stemmed cultivars were compared with hollow-stemmed cultivars and with blends of a 1:1 ratio of each. The hollow-stemmed cultivars with the exception of'McKenzie', which had intermediate levels of stem cutting, were all significantly more susceptible to stem cutting than solid-stemmed cultivars. Cultivar blends had lower damage but were still significantly higher than the solid-stemmed cultivars. The solid-stemmed 'AC Eatonia' and 'AC Abbey' had the lowest levels of stem cutting and ranked second and third overall for yield in 2001 and 2002. McKenzie ranked first, which reflects its yield potential in combination with its partial resistance to stem cutting. Lower cutting in AC Eatonia, AC Abbey, McKenzie, and the blend of AC Abbey/ McKenzie was significantly correlated with lower grain losses. Grain lost at harvest has major economic implications if sawfly pressure is moderate to high and susceptible cultivars predominate.  相似文献   

12.
The wheat stem sawfly is an important insect pest of wheat that can cause significant damage to yield and grain quality. Five microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus, to facilitate future population genetic studies and help delineate their geographical origin. These loci were found to be polymorphic with an expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.304 to 0.937 and an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.05 to 0.65. Successful cross‐species amplification demonstrates the potential for these markers to provide a valuable tool for future population studies among related Cephus species.  相似文献   

13.
1 Parasitoids Bracon cephi (Gahan) and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck and their herbivorous host the wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton, a pest of wheat Triticum aestivum, were investigated for yield in T. aestivum grown in the field. 2 Wheat stem sawfly‐infested stems had a higher yield potential than uninfested stems. However, final reproductive output was not significantly different between ears on infested stems that supported complete larval development compared with ears on uninfested stems. 3 Stems containing parasitized larvae and stems containing larvae that died before completing their development had a higher mean number of seeds and seed weight, when accounting for number of fertile spikelets of each ear, than either infested with live larvae and uninfested stems. 4 The results obtained suggest that larval feeding prevented infested stems from attaining their yield potential, and that the negative impact of the pest on wheat yield was reduced when late instar sawfly larvae were parasitized. Even though some feeding occurs before parasitism, this early damage has a comparatively low impact on yield. 5 This is the first study to show a yield benefit and enhanced plant fitness due to the wheat stem sawfly parasitoids B. cephi and B. lissogaster. This results from the maintenance of increased seed number and seed weight in the higher yielding stems that are preferentially infested by this pest.  相似文献   

14.
Kaplin  V. G.  Lysikov  P. Yu. 《Entomological Review》2022,102(3):286-302
Entomological Review - The most favorable conditions for the European wheat stem sawfly Cephus pygmaeus occur in wheat crops in the steppes and forest-steppes in the south of European Russia and...  相似文献   

15.
Sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton) is a major insect pest of wheat (Triticum spp.). The development of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) with stem solidness for resistance to sawfly is a strategy to minimize loss from this insect. This study was undertaken to identify a DNA marker linked to stem solidness and sawfly cutting in durum wheat for use in marker-assisted selection. A set of 151 doubled haploid lines developed from the cross of Kyle*2/Biodur sel. (solid stemmed) and Kofa (hollow stemmed) were evaluated for stem solidness and sawfly cutting. Microsatelite primers that generated polymorphisms between the parental genotypes were tested on the whole population, and primers that followed a 1:1 ratio of parental bands were used in linkage analysis with least squares mean stem solidness scores. Three microsatellite markers, Xgwm247, Xgwm181 and Xgwm114 located on chromosome 3BL, were shown to be associated with the stem solidness locus and with sawfly cutting. The Xgwm114 marker was located on one side of the stem solidness locus with Xgwm247 and Xgwm181 on the opposing side. Recombinant inbred line populations G9580B-FE1C/AC Navigator and Golden Ball/DT379//STD65 segregating for the stem solidness trait confirmed the association between the markers and the stem solidness gene. The Golden Ball/DT379//STD65 population was also tested with the Xwmc632 microsatellite marker, which showed a polymorphism associated with stem solidness. The results also indicated the stem solidness trait was controlled by a single locus in both doubled haploid and recombinant inbred line populations. The markers should be useful in breeding programs for the identification and selection of stem solidness.  相似文献   

16.
We evaluated wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, parasitism, infestation, and sawfly-cut stems in wheat fields bordering intensely tilled (no visible stubble residue), minimally tilled (>75% stubble residue visible), and untilled (chemical fallow, herbicide fallow management) summer fallow fields in north-central and south-central Montana. No difference in sawfly parasitism or sawfly-cut stems was found between fields bordering minimally tilled and fields bordering untilled summer fallow. Sawfly parasitism in fields bordering untilled summer fallow was greater than in fields bordering intensely tilled summer fallow at six of the eight sites examined. Sawfly-cut stems were greater in the field bordering intensely tilled fallow at four sites, with no difference in sawfly-cut stems between the intensely tilled and untilled field at the other four sites. Although it has never been reported, we have observed that many sawfly stubs are completely buried. Therefore, we measured the depth of sawfly stubs in four untilled fields in Broadwater County, MT. Two-thirds of the stubs were completely buried (206 of 300) with an average depth of 6 mm. Intensive tillage, which results in soil-covered stubble, is not an effective sawfly control practice, because sawflies typically overwinter below ground and upon emergence must dig to reach the soil surface. However, Bracon cephi (Gahan) and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck overwinter above ground in stems and might be unable to dig to the soil surface if buried. The elimination of intensive tillage in favor of chemical fallow should result in greater sawfly parasitism over time. Producers replacing minimal tillage with chemical fallow should see no effect on sawfly parasitism.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The wheat stem sawfly,Cephus cinctusNorton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) was first found in wild grasses and soon became an economically important pest of wheat after cultivation began in the northern Great Plains. Of the species of parasitoids that attackC. cinctusin wild grasses, onlyBracon cephi(Gahan) andB. lissogasterMuesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) have been found in wheat. Levels of parasitism vary between wheat-producing regions in Montana. Parasitism levels were increased by releasing individuals from a region with high levels of parasitism into a region where parasitism levels were low. This suggests that there has been unequal rates of parasitoid adaptation from wild grasses to wheat in different regions of Montana.  相似文献   

19.
The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a major pest of wheat grown on the Northern Great Plains and Canadian Prairies of North America, causing economic losses of as much as $350 million annually. Two species that parasitize wheat stem sawfly larvae in wheat stems are Bracon cephi (Gahan) and B. lissogaster Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Carbohydrate-rich diets increase adult parasitoid longevity and reproductive parameters, enhancing their success as natural enemies. In previous studies, these species had increased longevity, egg load, and volume when fed sucrose solutions, encouraging further research on their nutritional needs. Therefore, we conducted experiments with artificial diets using adult females fed sucrose, glucose, and fructose solutions. Females were also fed these sugars in combination with a mixture of amino acids. We assessed individuals daily for longevity. Both species benefited from diets containing carbohydrates, with an increase in longevity from an average of 9 to 51 days for B. cephi, and from 6 to 34 days for B. lissogaster. Additional experiments assessed egg load and volume after 2, 5, and 10 days of cumulative feeding in B. cephi. These females produced 1.4-fold more eggs when fed amino acids, 2.5-fold more with sugar, and 2.7-fold more when fed sugar with amino acids. They had a 1.3-fold increase in egg volume when fed amino acids, 1.9-fold with sugar, and 2.1-fold when fed sugar with amino acids. Our study reveals the nutritional requirements of these braconid parasitoids and the benefits of nutritional sources when implementing conservation biological control strategies.  相似文献   

20.
小麦倒春寒研究现状与进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
由于全球气候变暖,近年来小麦低温灾害事件频发,尤其是拔节-孕穗期的倒春寒灾害已成为制约小麦产量和品质的重要因素之一。本文综述了小麦倒春寒灾害的发生特点(鉴定与分级、时空特征),倒春寒对小麦生理特性(叶片、茎秆、穗部、根系)和产量、质量的影响,总结了抗倒春寒小麦育种、倒春寒危害的分子生物学机制及灾害的监测预警与风险评估等方面的研究进展,并从小麦抗倒春寒遗传基础、倒春寒危害小麦评价体系和防控技术体系等方面进行了展望,以期为抗倒春寒小麦品种的遗传改良和栽培调控新措施的建立提供理论依据。  相似文献   

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