竹盲走螨对竹裂爪螨的捕食功能

在实验室模拟条件下,系统研究了竹盲走螨对竹裂爪螨的控制作用.结果表明,在25±0.5 ℃条件下,竹盲走螨对竹裂爪螨各螨态的功能反应均属HollingⅡ型.在同一温度条件下,雌竹盲走螨成螨对竹裂爪螨各螨态的处置时间依次为卵<幼螨<前若螨<后若螨<雌成螨.竹裂爪螨卵、幼螨、若螨、雌成螨共存时,竹盲走螨嗜食卵、幼螨和前若螨（Q>1）,但其对卵与幼螨及幼螨与前若螨无偏嗜现象.当竹裂爪螨密度低于9头时,竹盲走螨的产卵量随密度增加而增加;9～15头时,其日平均产卵量保持在每雌2粒左右;超过15头以后,产卵量反而下降,说明猎物密度过高对捕食者生存、繁殖存在干扰作用.     

温度对前齿肖蛸(Tetragnatha praedonia),实验种群增长的影响

本文根据前齿肖蛸(Tetragnatha praedonia)在20℃、23℃、26℃、29℃、32℃和35℃6种恒温条件下的发育历期、幼蛛存活率、成蛛产卵率、产卵量和孵化率组建了前齿肖蛸在不同温度条件下的实验种群增长表。结果表明前齿肖蛸在所试验的6种恒温条件下其种群数量可保持上升趋势,其中以在29℃的条件下种群数量增长最快,繁殖一代种群数量可增加74.28倍;以在20℃的条件下种群数量增长最慢,繁殖一代种群数量可增加20.74倍。     

白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂实验种群生命表的研究

观察了温度对白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂（Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang）存活和繁殖的影响,组建了18℃、21℃、24℃、27℃、30℃和33℃6种温度下的实验种群生命表,白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂的世代存活率为24℃＞27℃＞30℃＞21℃＞33℃＞18℃＞15℃,温度过高或过低对白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂的存活和繁殖不利,24℃和27℃雄虫的怀卵量、产卵量和产卵百分率都显著高于其它温度处理,以抛物线方程y=a bx cx^2拟合世代存活率（S）、种群趋势指数（I）、净生殖率（R0）和内禀增长为（rm）,在24℃、27℃和30℃温度下,白蜡门阔柄跳小蜂的种群趋势指数I＞1,内禀增长力rm＞0,种群数量逐代增加,种群加倍时间分别为15、16和23d,21℃时I≈1,rm≈0,种群数量基本保持不变,18℃和33℃时I＜1,rm＜0,种群数量出现负增长,15℃雌蜂不产卵,不能繁殖后代。     

不同温度下绿盲蝽实验种群生命表研究

组建了5个不同温度（17, 20, 23, 26和29℃）下绿盲蝽Lygus lucorum实验种群的生命表。结果表明：在17～29℃温度范围内,随温度升高绿盲蝽的发育速率加快,并符合Logistic模型;在实验温度范围内,若虫期、产卵前期、卵期和世代历期分别为10.04～27.63,8.33～19.33,6.74～15.00,25.11～61.96 d。绿盲蝽的若虫、产卵前期和卵的发育起点温度分别为9.45,7.28和6.28℃,有效积温分别为210.25、191.83和160.12日度,完成整个世代需要的有效积温为555.04日度。在实验温度范围内,23℃时绿盲蝽的世代存活率最高（82.3%）,雌成虫的产卵历期最长（41.67 d）,单雌繁殖若虫数最多（35.42头/雌）,种群趋势指数也最高（14.58）; 在较低的温度（17℃）和较高的温度（29℃）下,绿盲蝽的的种群趋势指数分别仅为8.44和9.06,均不利于其种群数量增加。     

温度对蜘蛛繁殖力和实验种群的影响

从我国常见10科18种蜘蛛的温度实验数据中,找出温度对蜘蛛繁殖和实验种群增长影响的一般规律和不同种类蜘蛛繁殖的最佳温度。根据实验可以看出：大多数蜂蛛在1－35℃温区内均可产卵和孵化;由于蜘蛛种类不同,雌蛛产卵袋数最多、卵袋内含卵量最高、产卵间隔时间最短、产卵率最高、单雌产卵量最多、孵化率最高和种群增长指数最大的最适温度也表现出差异;大多数种类雌蛛产卵袋数最多的温区是25－32℃;产卵间隔最短的温区是30－37℃;产卵率最高的温区是25－32℃;孵化率最高的温区在25℃左右;种群数量增长最多的温区是25－29℃。温度与蜘蛛繁殖力的关系可以用曲线方程和数学模型表示。     

叶螨及两种替代食物对尼氏真绥螨发育和繁殖的影响

在温度25 ℃、相对湿度80％条件下,以油茶花粉、二斑叶螨和腐食酪螨3种食物饲喂尼氏真绥螨,研究不同食物对尼氏真绥螨生长发育和繁殖的影响.结果表明：尼氏真绥螨虽能取食腐食酪螨的卵,但因摄食量不足导致不能完成正常发育;而取食油茶花粉和二斑叶螨能正常完成发育,并进行繁殖.取食油茶花粉的尼氏真绥螨全世代发育历期、雌螨寿命、产卵历期、平均每雌总产卵量分别为6.18 d、24.97 d、16.72 d和23.03粒,取食二斑叶螨的尼氏真绥螨分别为5.67 d、25.72 d、18.17 d和25.38粒;以二斑叶螨为食的尼氏真绥螨发育快,寿命和产卵历期长,平均每雌产卵量高.以油茶花粉和二斑叶螨为食的尼氏真绥螨实验种群数量动态均呈上升趋势,其中以油茶花粉饲养的种群趋势指数最高（I=14.28）,以二斑叶螨饲养的种群加倍时间最短（t=3.5201 d）.     

温度对军配盲蝽生长发育及繁殖的影响

【目的】为明确温度对军配盲蝽Stethoconus japonicus生长发育及繁殖的影响。【方法】以悬铃木方翅网蝽Corythucha ciliata为猎物,置于15、20、25、30和35℃的人工气候箱恒温条件下饲养军配盲蝽,统计恒温处理下军配盲蝽发育历期、存活率和成虫繁殖力等指标,计算其发育起点温度与有效积温。【结果】在15-35℃内,军配盲蝽各虫态发育历期均随温度升高而缩短。军配盲蝽卵、若虫、卵-成虫、产卵前期及世代存活率随温度升高均先增加后降低,在25℃下的存活率最高。军配盲蝽全世代的发育起点温度为10.59℃,有效积温550.22日·度。随着温度升高,成虫寿命和雌虫产卵期逐渐缩短,雌虫寿命较雄虫长,25℃时单雌平均产卵量最大,为218.36粒,35℃时最低,为47.62粒。25℃下军配盲蝽实验种群趋势指数值最大,为I=18.01,是20℃的2.05倍,30℃的7.97倍。【结论】25-30℃最有利于军配盲蝽实验种群的增长。研究结果为室内人工繁殖军配盲蝽提供基础参考数据。     

不同温度下的棉铃虫实验种群生命表

组建了棉铃虫在五种恒温条件下的种群生命表。分析结果表明,卵期孵化率在25℃中最高,在35℃中孵化率显著下降。在20°—35℃范围内,幼虫存活率变化不大;在15℃中幼虫死亡率显著增加,低温对幼虫存活的影响主要发生在4—6龄期间。在试验的温度范围内,蛹期存活率与温度呈直线相关。世代存活率以30℃中为最高,25℃中次之。在25°—30℃范围内,雌蛾平均产卵量最大,产卵率最高;15℃低温主要影响卵的形成,持续35℃高温主要影响成虫的产卵行为。在五种温度中的世代存活率和雌蛾平均产卵量均呈抛物线趋势。在试验温度范围内的种群增长指数可以用二次抛物线方程表示。计算结果表明,在15.05°—36.08℃范围内,棉铃虫种群世代数量都是上升的趋势,在最适温度下繁殖一代,种群的数量约增加350倍;在15.05℃或36.08℃中,种群世代数量基本保持稳定。     

温度对白背飞虱种群增长的影响

在15°—35℃范围内六种恒温条件下的试验结果表明,白背飞虱在15°—30℃之间发育正常,发育速率符合逻辑斯蒂曲线,适温为20°—30℃,最适温度在28℃左右。35℃高温和20℃以下的低温对其生长发育和繁殖都有不利影响。在试验温度下,世代存活率、雌虫产卵量和种群增长指数等皆呈抛物线趋势,由此初建了实验种群生命表,以估计发生趋势,但影响种群发展的其它因素的作用也不可忽视。     

温度对杀扑磷抗性奥氏钝绥螨Amblyseius womersleyi(Acari:Phytoseiidae)繁殖适合度的影响

研究了奥氏钝绥螨杀扑磷抗性种群在20℃、25℃与30℃温度下的繁殖适合度．结果表明,在20—30℃温度范围培养下,随着温度的升高,奥氏钝绥螨杀扑磷抗性种群的各发育历期缩短,雌性比降低,每雌日产卵量升高,但在25℃温度下每雌总产卵量均明显高于在20℃与30℃的每雌总产卵量．25℃温度是室内人工繁育奥氏钝绥螨杀扑磷抗性种群的最适温度。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.