重组人GPx7的原核表达、纯化及其抗肿瘤活性检测

研究大肠杆菌表达重组人谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶7(glutathione peroxidase 7,GPx7),并对纯化精制的重组人GPx7进行体内抗肿瘤活性检测。以质粒pCDNA3.1(-)-GPx7为模板,PCR扩增获得N-端去除信号肽的GPx7基因片段,构建的重组质粒pET24A-GPx7在E.coli BL21(DE3)中诱导表达。采用Sulfopropyl强阳离子交换层析和Superdex 75分子排阻层析纯化精制获得原核表达的重组人GPx7蛋白。该蛋白的体外催化活性微弱,但S180荷瘤小鼠连续14d注射GPx7蛋白后,肿瘤生长受到抑制,抑制率为29.26%,与对照组相比具有显著差异。实验结果表明,采用阳离子交换和分子排阻层析两步法可纯化精制原核表达的重组人GPx,重组人GPx7蛋白在荷瘤小鼠模型中表现出体内抗肿瘤活性。     

治疗型VP22△-mE6△/mE7重组蛋白疫苗的表达与免疫学初步分析

制备16型人乳头瘤病毒mE6Δ/mE7蛋白与I型人单纯疱疹病毒VP22Δ蛋白的治疗型分子内佐剂融合蛋白疫苗,并检测其免疫原性和抗肿瘤相关生物活性。通过克隆HSV-1 VP22Δ及HPV-16 mE6Δ/mE7基因,构建pET28a-VP22Δ-mE6Δ/mE7原核表达载体。重组质粒在Rosetta（DE3）宿主菌中进行诱导表达,表达蛋白经分离、复性后,通过镍离子亲和层析进行纯化,纯化蛋白经SDS-PAGE、Western blot 鉴定,并免疫BalB/C及C57BL/6小鼠,检测其免疫原性和抗肿瘤活性。结果显示,VP22Δ-mE6Δ/mE7蛋白以包涵体形式表达,分子量约为34kDa,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的45%。该蛋白免疫小鼠后血清特异性IgG、特异性淋巴细胞增殖效果及对TC-1致瘤小鼠的肿瘤治疗效果均高于无佐剂单一重组蛋白疫苗。以上结果说明,所获得的重组融合蛋白具有较好的免疫原性和抗肿瘤活性,为治疗型HPV分子内佐剂疫苗的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

家蝇幼虫抗菌肽Attacin基因的克隆表达及抑菌生物学活性

目的克隆家蝇幼虫Attacin抗菌肽基因．构建原核融合表达载体,建立Attacin体内抗菌活性检测系统,优化表达和纯化Attacin目的蛋白,并初步研究其抗菌生物学功能。方法以pUC m-T／Attacin重组质粒为模板,设计特异性引物,PCR扩增Attacin编码区序列,分别克隆至原核表达载体pET30a（＋）和pGEX-4T-1。构建原核重组质粒,转化大肠埃希菌,表达重组Attacin蛋白,并在大肠埃希菌中体内检测Attacin的抗菌活性。利用亲和层析柱纯化重组融合蛋白Attacin,SDS-PAGE进行纯度分析,琼脂糖平板抑菌试验鉴定其生物活性。结果pET30a（a＋）／Attacin和pGEX-4T—1／Attacin重组质粒分别转化大肠埃希菌后,以IPTG诱导表达,与未诱导对照相比,含有重组质粒的宿主菌生长受到抑制。从pET30a（＋）／Attacin重组质粒的表达宿主菌中未能获得His-Attacin融合蛋白,而从pGEX-4T—1／Attacin重组质粒转化菌种获得GST-Attacin融合蛋白。SDS-PAGE分析表明Attacin重组蛋白分子量与预期结果一致,琼脂糖平板抑菌试验显示重组Attacin具有抗菌活性。结论Attacin基因在原核系统中成功表达,并且纯化后具有抑菌活性,为下一步研究Attacin的生物学功能及其应用开发奠定了基础。     

小鼠精胺氧化酶的原核表达与鉴定

目的:原核表达和分离纯化小鼠精胺氧化酶(SMO)。方法:采用RT-PCR法从小鼠胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)RNA中克隆小鼠SMOcDNA,构建SMO原核表达质粒并转染大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株,经IPTG诱导,将表达的小鼠SMO重组蛋白在变性条件下经Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析纯化和透析复性。结果:在大肠杆菌中高表达出小鼠SMO重组蛋白;纯化并透析复性后的重组SMO具备快速氧化特异性底物精胺的酶活性。结论:建立了原核表达和纯化有活性小鼠SMO的实验方法。     

葡萄球菌肠毒素 B 突变体的构建及其抗肿瘤活性分析

目的：通过对葡萄球菌肠毒素B（SEB）32位His进行定点突变,获得抑瘤效果显著增强的SEB突变体。方法：利用基因定点突变的方法,将SEB的32位His替换为Asn,将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌中诱导表达,用CM弱阳离子层析柱纯化获得重组蛋白,用SDS-PAGE和Western印迹对其进行鉴定,并用增殖实验检测其丝裂原活性,通过MTS法检测其体外抗肿瘤活性。结果：构建并高效表达了突变体蛋白SEB（H32N）,纯化获得了足够纯度的突变体蛋白;体外实验表明,在相同浓度下,SEB（H32N）的丝裂原活性及体外抗肿瘤活性明显优于野生型SEB。结论：同野生型SEB相比,突变体蛋白SEB（H32N）对肿瘤生长的抑制作用得到了提高。     

人分泌磷蛋白2基因的克隆、原核表达与活性检测

提取人肝癌组织RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增人SPP2成熟蛋白编码区基因并克隆至原核表达载体pET-22b（＋）,将测序正确的质粒转化大肠杆菌BL2l（DE3）,IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达,用Ni-NTA柱进行纯化,SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot检测并证实目的蛋白的表达,通过重组蛋白对木瓜蛋白酶的抑制作用验证其生物学活性。重组质粒测序和酶切结果显示SPP2成熟蛋白基因已成功克隆到pET-22b（＋）。IPTG诱导重组菌后有25kDa大小的目的蛋白表达。优化诱导表达条件,获得可溶性表达的目的蛋白,纯化后纯度达90%,western blot表明其具有His标签抗原活性。重组SPP2成熟蛋白可抑制木瓜蛋白酶的水解作用（酪蛋白为底物）,重量抑制比为1∶3.1,抑制比活性为2511U/mg。     

神经纤毛蛋白-1的原核表达及兔抗小鼠神经纤毛蛋白-1抗体免疫学活性的研究

目的:在原核系统中分段表达神经纤毛蛋白-1(Nrp1);将纯化的蛋白免疫家兔后获得特异的抗体,并将其应用于检测组织和细胞中Nrp1分子的表达。方法:提取BALB/c胎鼠脑组织总RNA,通过RT-PCR分段扩增获得Nrp1基因片段,将PCR产物插入表达载体pET28a( ),获得含5个Nrp1基因片段的重组质粒,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导蛋白表达并纯化;将纯化的重组蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔获得针对目的蛋白的特异性多克隆抗体;利用Nrp1特异性多抗检测胎鼠脑组织和HeLa细胞中Nrp1的表达。结果:在原核系统中分段表达了Nrp1蛋白,通过Ni-NTA纯化了Nrp1蛋白片段;纯化的Nrp1蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔获得了具有免疫活性的多抗;兔抗小鼠Nrp1特异性多抗可用于检测组织、真核细胞中Nrp1的表达。结论:应用原核系统成功地表达了Nrp1蛋白,兔抗小鼠Nrp1特异性多抗可用于免疫学检测Nrp1分子的表达。     

重组人胱抑素C的原核表达及鉴定

目的构建重组人胱抑素C（cystatinC,CysC）的原核高效表达质粒,诱导表达并纯化获得CysC重组蛋白。方法根据大肠埃希菌编码蛋白的特性设计CysC编码基因序列,人工合成目的基因克隆至pET-22b（＋）表达载体中,测序及酶切鉴定正确后诱导其在大肠埃希菌BL21中表达,所获得的包涵体蛋白经亲和层析纯化后采用SDS—PAGE及Western印迹鉴定。结果酶切结果证实构建的表达质粒结构正确;测序结果显示克隆的基因序列所编码的蛋白与GenBank中的CysC氨基酸序列相符;SDS-PAGE及Western印迹结果证实获得的重组CysC融合蛋白分子量约为16kD,经NP亲和层析纯化获得纯度大于90％的目的蛋白。结论建立了重组人CysC的原核高效表达系统并获得了CysC重组蛋白。     

人SDF-1α的原核表达、纯化及对小鼠骨髓造血的研究

目的:构建人SDF-1α原核表达载体,进行诱导表达,纯化并研究其对骨髓造血的作用。方法:克隆人SDF-1α成熟肽序列到原核表达载体pET28a( )中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,用阴离子交换柱Sepharose Q纯化目的蛋白,并检测重组蛋白的活性和内毒素含量。用纯化的蛋白注射小鼠进行药效学研究。结果:用此原核表达系统得到纯度95%以上的重组蛋白,浓度达到0．67mg/mL,产物内毒素含量低于1EU/ug,且具有体外促小鼠T细胞趋化活性。重组人SDF-1α以125ug/kg/day的剂量连续给药可以引起正常小鼠骨髓细胞升高。结论:重组人SDF-1α可以促进小鼠骨髓造血作用。     

DNA重组酶FLP原核表达与多步法纯化及其活性检测

DNA重组酶FLP存在于酵母2μ质粒上,能识别34bp的FRT位点,并根据2个FRT位点的相对方向完成位点间DNA序列的交换、重组、删除与逆转,在现代分子生物学理论研究与基因工程技术开发中具有广泛应用。构建了在原核大肠杆菌中高效表达FLP重组酶的表达载体pQE32-flpe并建立起相应的原核高效表达体系,在原核细菌大肠杆菌M15菌株中实现FLP酶蛋白的高效表达,同时建立了相应的纯化方法。纯化时先用硫酸铵沉淀法富集FLP酶蛋白,经透析脱盐后再用镍离子鳌合微柱(0.5~1.0mL)亲合层析梯度洗脱的方法获得纯化的FLP酶蛋白。通过构建含有2个方向相同的FRT序列位点的质粒pUC18-FRT-gfp-FRT和含有1个FRT位点的表达载体pET30a-FRT,并分别以其为底物来检测FLP重组酶的删除、交换与重组功能的活性。结果表明,该方法不仅能有效表达FLP酶蛋白,并能行之有效地纯化FLP酶蛋白,以及检测纯化的FLP酶蛋白对DNA序列的删除、重组与交换功能。该方法简单易行并能获得有活性的FLP酶蛋白,为深入研究其机理以及研发相应的DNA重组技术提供重要参考。     

Inhibition of breast cancer xenografts in a mouse model and the induction of apoptosis in multiple breast cancer cell lines by lactoferricin B peptide

Breast cancer has a diverse aetiology characterized by the heterogeneous expression of hormone receptors and signalling molecules, resulting in varied sensitivity to chemotherapy. The adverse side effects of chemotherapy coupled with the development of drug resistance have prompted the exploration of natural products to combat cancer. Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) is a natural peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin that exhibits anticancer properties. LfcinB was evaluated in vitro for its inhibitory effects on cell lines representing different categories of breast cancer and in vivo for its suppressive effects on tumour xenografts in NOD-SCID mice. The different breast cancer cell lines exhibited varied levels of sensitivity to apoptosis induced by LfcinB in the order of SKBR3>MDA-MB-231>MDA-MB-468>MCF7, while the normal breast epithelial cells MCF-10A were not sensitive to LfcinB. The peptide also inhibited the invasion of the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines. In the mouse xenograft model, intratumoural injections of LfcinB significantly reduced tumour growth rate and tumour size, as depicted by live imaging of the mice using in vivo imaging systems (IVIS). Harvested tumour volume and weight were significantly reduced by LfcinB treatment. LfcinB, therefore, is a promising and safe candidate that can be considered for the treatment of breast cancer.     

特异性人端粒酶催化亚单位基因小干扰RNA对HeLa细胞生长的抑制作用

通过设计并化学合成人端粒酶催化亚单位(hTERT)特异性siRNA,观察其对hTERT表达水平及肿瘤细胞生长的影响。将hTERT-siRNA以脂质体法转染入HeLa细胞,应用RT-PCR、实时定量TRAP、Western印迹、软琼脂克隆形成实验、荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤内注射等方法检测细胞内hTERTmRNA、蛋白质表达水平及对肿瘤细胞生长的影响。RT-PCR、实时定量TRAP和Western印迹的结果显示hTERT-siRNA明显降低了HeLa细胞内hTERT的mRNA及蛋白质表达水平并伴随有端粒酶活性的下降。克隆形成实验表明hTERT-siRNA组的体外肿瘤形成能力受到抑制。荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤内注射hTERT-siRNA使肿瘤平均体积显著小于对照组。TUNEL凋亡检测表明hTERT-siRNA转染组的凋亡率明显高于对照组。研究表明hTERT特异性siRNA可以明显抑制HeLa细胞内hTERT的表达水平,对其生长有明显抑制作用,是一种有前途的肿瘤治疗新方法。     

New strategies for the isolation and activity determination of naturally occurring type-4 glutathione peroxidase

Type 4 glutathione peroxidase (GPx4) is a widely expressed mammalian selenoenzyme known to play a vital role in cytoprotection against lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH)-mediated oxidative stress and regulation of oxidative signaling cascades. Since prokaryotes are not equipped to express mammalian selenoproteins, preparation of recombinant GPx4 via commonly used bacterial transformation is not feasible. A published procedure for isolating the enzyme from rat testis employs affinity chromatography on bromosulfophthalein–glutathione-linked agarose as the penultimate step in purification. Since this resin is no longer commercially available and preparing it in satisfactory operational form is tedious, we have developed an alternative purification approach based on sequential anion exchange, size exclusion, and cation exchange chromatography. Final preparations were found to be essentially homogeneous in GPx4 (M_r  20 kDa), as demonstrated by SDS–PAGE with protein staining and immunoblotting. Specific enzymatic activity was determined using a novel thin-layer chromatographic approach in which the kinetics of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide loss or cholesterol-7α-hydroperoxide loss was monitored. A >400-fold purification of active enzyme has been attained. The relatively straightforward isolation procedure described should prove valuable for further functional studies on GPx4, e.g. how its ability to catalyze LOOH reduction compares with that of other LOOH detoxifying enzymes.     

Propofol-induced miR-219-5p inhibits growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma through suppression of GPC3-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation

Propofol is one of the most extensively used intravenous anaesthetic agents, which has been found to improve the surgical intervention outcome of several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Additionally, in vitro and in vivo experiments have also indicated that propofol affects the biological behaviour of HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms of the surgical resection of HCC with propofol have not been fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of propofol inhibition of the growth and invasion of HCC cells. Our results showed that treatment with propofol suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC in vitro. The subcutaneous xenograft tumour and orthotopic xenograft tumour experiments in nude mice showed that propofol significantly decreased tumour volumes, growth rates and the liver orthotopic xenograft tumour in vivo. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism investigations of the suppressive effects of propofol on HCC cells revealed that propofol treatment upregulated the expression levels of the candidate tumour suppressor miR-219-5p. Silencing of propofol-induced miR-219-5p using anti-miR-219-5p abrogated the inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells exerted by propofol treatment. Additionally, we demonstrated that propofol reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of Huh7 and SMMC7721 cells via miR-219-5p induction. The molecular mechanism behind these findings is that propofol-induced miR-219-5p inhibits HCC cell progression by targeting glypican-3 and subsequently results in the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the advantages of the surgical intervention of HCC with propofol anaesthetization.     

溶瘤腺病毒靶向杀灭葡萄膜黑色素瘤的实验研究

葡萄膜黑色素瘤是成人最严重的原发性恶性肿瘤之一.传统的治疗方法,包括手术、放射治疗和化学治疗效果都不是很理想.溶瘤腺病毒H101,能够特异性地在p53突变的肿瘤细胞中复制并杀伤肿瘤细胞,同时对正常细胞影响较少,且已由中国国家食品药品监督管理总局批准上市.为了研究H101对葡萄膜黑色素瘤的治疗效果,通过体外感染葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞,发现H101能够显著抑制葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞的增殖并促进细胞凋亡,抑制细胞周期,而对正常的ARPE-19细胞没有影响.在体内实验中,建立了SP6.5细胞的荷瘤小鼠模型,在H101治疗后抑制了肿瘤的生长,延长了动物寿命.上述结果表明,溶瘤腺病毒H101治疗葡萄膜黑色素瘤是一种可行的方法.     

Monoclonal antibody Daratumumab promotes macrophage-mediated anti-myeloma phagocytic activity via engaging FC gamma receptor and activation of macrophages

Daratumumab (DAR) is novel human anti-CD38 IgG1, high-affinity human monoclonal antibody having broad-spectrum killing activity. The antibody is recommended to treat multiple myeloma. Recently Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) have been identified as the potential mechanism of DAR in addition to complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In the present study we evaluated the effect of Daratumumab on other effector cells of multiple myeloma. Luciferase⁺ MM.1R GFP cells were selected for the study. For immune-compromised multiple myeloma tumour xenograft mouse model we used severe combined immunodeficient beige (SCID-beige), NOD SCID gamma (NSG) and C57Bl/6j mice. Bioluminescence imaging was carried by injecting luciferin, and in vivo confocal microscopy was done for tracing bone marrow niches. Spleen and tumours were submitted to immunophenotypic analysis. MTT assay was done for cell proliferation studies. We established tumour xenograft mouse model. It was found that DAR showed significant anti-tumour effect in tumour xenograft multiple myeloma mice. We found that DAR showed anti-tumour activity via Fc–FcγR interaction with macrophages. DAR induced phenotypic activation of macrophages in mice and resulted in ADCP of cancerous cells via interacting Fc-FcγR in vitro. The study suggested that DAR exerted anti-tumour activity in multiple myeloma by interacting with Fc-FcγR.

     

Surfactant-aided size exclusion chromatography

The flexibility and selectivity of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for protein purification can be modified by adding non-ionic micelle-forming surfactants to the mobile phase. The micelles exclude proteins from a liquid phase similar to the exclusion effect of the polymer fibers of the size exclusion resin. This surfactant-aided size exclusion chromatography technology (SASEC) is demonstrated on the separation of two model proteins; bovine serum albumin (BSA) and myoglobin (Myo). The effect of the added surfactants on the distribution behavior of the proteins is predicted adequately by a size exclusion model presented in this paper.     

Antitumor and angiostatic peptides from frog skin secretions

The discovery of new molecules with potential antitumor activity continues to be of great importance in cancer research. In this respect, natural antimicrobial peptides isolated from various animal species including humans and amphibians have been found to be of particular interest. Here, we report the presence of two anti-proliferative peptides active against cancer cells in the skin secretions of the South American tree frog, Phyllomedusa bicolor. The crude skin exudate was fractioned by size exclusion gel followed by reverse-phase HPLC chromatography. After these two purification steps, we identified two fractions that exhibited anti-proliferative activity. Sequence analysis indicated that this activity was due to two antimicrobial α-helical cationic peptides of the dermaseptin family (dermaseptins B2 and B3). This result was confirmed using synthetic dermaseptins. When tested in vitro, synthetic B2 and B3 dermaseptins inhibited the proliferation of the human prostatic adenocarcinoma PC-3 cell line by more than 90%, with an EC₅₀ of around 2–3 μM. No effect was observed on the growth of the NIH-3T3 non-tumor mouse cell line with Drs B2, whereas a slight inhibiting effect was observed with Drs B3 at high dose. In addition, the two fractions obtained after size exclusion chromatography also inhibited PC-3 cell colony formation in soft agar. Interestingly, inhibition of the proliferation and differentiation of activated adult bovine aortic endothelial cells was observed in cells treated with these two fractions. Dermaseptins B2 and B3 could, therefore, represent interesting new pharmacological molecules with antitumor and angiostatic properties for the development of a new class of anticancer drugs.     

Biological and chemical evidence for the existence of a porcine hypothalamic parotid hormone-releasing factor

Methodology has been developed to achieve partial purification of a parotid hormone-releasing peptide from porcine hypothalamus-thalamus tissue using an in vivo parotid hormone stimulation test in pigs and a dentinal fluid transport stimulation test in rats. The purification steps include: acetone-water extraction of the tissue at pH 5.2, ultrafiltration through Amicon PM10 membrane, size exclusion chromatography on Bio-Gel P2, and open-column reversed-phase chromatography on Lichroprep RP8. A 100-fold increase in specific activity was attained. Intravenous infusion of porcine hypothalamus-thalamus extract stimulates a dentinal fluid transport mechanism in teeth of intact anesthetized rats, and the release of plasma immunoreactive parotid hormone in conscious catheterized pigs. Parotidectomy in both species suppresses the response, suggesting that the expression of parotid hormone-releasing activity requires the integrity of a putative hypothalamus-parotid gland endocrine axis.