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1.
研究了高产栽培条件下,不同施氮量和底施追施比例对土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量时空变化的影响,同时计算了不同生育阶段土壤氮素的表观盈亏量.结果表明,与氮肥分期施用处理比较,氮肥全部用于拔节期追施处理降低了拔节期之前的土壤硝态氮含量,减少了拔节期之前土壤氮素的表观盈余量,降低了氮素向深层的淋洗;而挑旗期土壤硝态氮含量与氮肥分期施用处理无显著差异,但提高了土壤铵态氮含量;增加了成熟期0~60 cm土壤各土层土壤硝态氮含量和0~20 cm土壤铵态氮含量.氮肥全部用于拔节期追施的两处理间比较,在240 kg·hm-2的基础上降低施氮量至168 kg·hm-2,降低了挑旗期土壤硝态氮和铵态氮的含量,减少了挑旗期到成熟期土壤氮素的亏缺量,也使成熟期土壤硝态氮的含量降低.不同处理间籽粒产量和蛋白质产量无显著差异,施氮量为168 kg·hm-2且全部用于拔节期追施的处理籽粒蛋白质含量最高.  相似文献   

2.
以宁麦9号和豫麦34号为材料,研究了氮肥基追比对土壤无机氮时空变化、氮素表观盈亏和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施用基肥提高了越冬期0-60 cm土层NO3--N和NH4+-N含量,拔节期追肥对孕穗期各土层无机氮含量无显著影响,追施孕穗肥显著提高了开花期0-60 cm土层硝态氮含量和0-20 cm土层铵态氮含量。不施氮处理各生育阶段均表现为氮素亏缺,施氮处理氮素盈亏呈明显的阶段性,播种至孕穗阶段出现氮素盈余,孕穗至成熟阶段出现氮素亏缺;全生育期氮素表观盈余量两品种平均以5∶5处理最低,7∶3处理最高。两品种氮肥农学效率、氮肥表观回收率和产量均随基肥比例的增加呈先增后降的趋势,均以5∶5处理最高。因此,在小麦生产中应适当减少基施氮肥用量,在小麦拔节孕穗期适当增加追肥比例有利于提高产量和氮肥利用效率,并降低土壤氮素损失。  相似文献   

3.
施氮水平对高产麦田土壤硝态氮时空变化及氨挥发的影响   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
研究了不同施氮水平对高产麦田土壤硝态氮时空变化和氨挥发的影响.结果表明,高产麦田土壤硝态氮在播种至冬前阶段不断向深层移动,并在140cm以下土层积累.施纯氮96~168 kg·hm-2处理,增加了60 cm以上土层土壤硝态氮含量,降低了土壤氮素表观损失量占施氮量的比例,提高了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和籽粒产量,且土壤氨挥发损失较低,基施氮氨挥发损失占基施氮量的4.23%~5.51%;施氮量超过240 kg N·hm-2,促进了土壤硝态氮向深层的移动和积累,基施氮氨挥发损失、土壤氮素表观损失量及其占施氮量的比例均显著升高,对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量无显著影响,但籽粒产量降低.高产麦田适宜的氮素用量为132~204 kg N·hm-2.  相似文献   

4.
赵俊晔  于振文 《生态学报》2006,26(3):815-822
在土壤肥力不同的两块高产田上,利用15N示踪技术,研究了高产条件下施氮量对冬小麦氮肥吸收利用、籽粒产量和品质的影响,及小麦生育期间土壤硝态氮含量的变化.结果表明:1.成熟期小麦植株积累的氮素73.32%~87.27%来自土壤,4.51%~9.40%来自基施氮肥,8.22%~17.28%来自追施氮肥;随施氮量增加,植株吸收的土壤氮量减少,吸收的肥料氮量和氮肥在土壤中的残留量显著增加,小麦对肥料氮的吸收率显著降低;小麦对基施氮肥的吸收量、吸收率和基施氮肥在土壤中的残留量、残留率均显著小于追施氮肥,基施氮肥的损失量和损失率显著大于追施氮肥;较高土壤肥力条件下,植株吸收更多的土壤氮素,吸收的肥料氮量较少,土壤中残留的肥料氮量和肥料氮的损失量较高,不同地块肥料氮吸收、残留和损失的差异主要表现在基施氮肥上.2.当施氮量为105 kg/hm2时,收获后0~100cm土体内未发现硝态氮大量累积,随施氮量增加,0~100cm土体内硝态氮含量显著增加;施氮量大于195 kg/hm^2时,小麦生育期间硝态氮呈明显的下移趋势,土壤肥力较高地块,硝态氮下移较早,下移层次深.3.随施氮量增加,小麦氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率降低,适量施氮有利于提高成熟期小麦植株氮素积累量、籽粒产量和蛋白质含量;施氮量过高籽粒产量和蛋白质含量不再显著增加,甚至降低;较高土壤肥力条件下,获得最高籽粒产量和蛋白质含量所需施氮量较低.  相似文献   

5.
石玉  于振文 《生态学报》2006,26(11):3661-3669
研究了高产麦田中施氮量和底追比例对冬小麦籽粒产量、土壤硝态氮含量和氮素平衡的影响。田间试验在山东省龙口市中村进行,试验区小麦各生育阶段的降雨量和零度以上的积温分别为:82.9mm,649.8℃(播种~冬前)、33.3mm,578.7℃(冬前~拔节)2、8mm,359℃(拔节~开花)、84.3mm,837.6℃(开花~成熟)。试验设3个施氮量:0kg.hm-2(CK)、168kg.hm-2(A)、240kg.hm-2(B);在施氮量168kg.hm-2和240kg.hm-2条件下分别设3个底追比例:1/2∶1/2(A1和B1)、1/3∶2/3(A2和B2)、0∶1(A3和B3)。结果表明:不同施氮处理之间植株氮积累量无显著差异;与不施氮处理相比,施氮可显著提高籽粒产量和蛋白质含量,施氮量为168kg.hm-2、底追比例为1/3∶2/3的处理A2与处理B2、B3差异不显著,但处理A2显著提高了氮肥利用率,降低了土壤残留量和氮素表观损失量;施氮量相同,适当增加追施氮肥的比例可显著提高籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和氮肥利用率。试验还表明,在拔节期,底施氮量为84kg.hm-2和120kg.hm-2的处理A1、B1,在80~100cm和100~160cm土层分别出现硝态氮的累积;而底施氮量为56kg.hm-2的处理A2,在0~200cm土层硝态氮含量和累积量与不施氮处理无显著差异。在成熟期,追施氮量大于160kg.hm-2的处理B3、A3和B2,硝态氮在120~180cm土层出现累积高峰,已下移到小麦根系可吸收范围之外,易于造成淋溶损失;而追氮量为112kg.hm-2的处理A2,在100~200cm土层硝态氮累积量与对照无显著差异。试验中,施氮量为168kg.hm-2底追比例为1/3∶2/3的处理A2的籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、地上部植株氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率和籽粒氮肥吸收利用率均较高,100~200cm土层未出现硝态氮的明显累积,氮素表观损失量最少,为最佳氮肥运筹方式。  相似文献   

6.
长江流域稻麦轮作条件下冬小麦适宜施氮量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为推动长江流域稻茬冬小麦氮肥的合理施用,研究了施氮量(0、120、210、300 kg·hm-2,分别表示为N0、N1、N2、N3)对土壤硝态氮含量、土壤-植株系统氮素平衡和产量的影响。结果表明: 土壤剖面的硝态氮含量随施氮量的增加而增加,至拔节期,不同施氮处理的硝态氮均显著运移至60 cm土层。拔节后追施氮肥显著提高了N1、N2处理0~40 cm土层和N3处理0~60 cm土层的硝态氮含量;而成熟期的硝态氮主要积累于0~40 cm土层。氮素平衡分析表明,氮素吸收、残留、损失因小麦不同生育阶段而异,越冬至拔节期是氮素表观损失的主要时期;小麦全生育期植株的氮素积累量、无机氮残留量和土壤氮素表观损失量均随施氮量的增加而显著增加。通过环境经济学的Coase原理和边际收益综合分析,稻茬小麦兼顾生产、生态和经济效益的适宜氮肥用量为250 kg·hm-2,基肥与拔节肥的比例为5∶5,相应获得的籽粒产量为6840 kg·hm-2。  相似文献   

7.
氮肥形态及配比对花椰菜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用大田试验研究了氮肥不同形态及配比对春茬花椰菜产量形成、品质和植株氮、磷、钾吸收的影响.结果表明:硝态氮肥易增加花球中硝酸盐的积累量、提高可溶性糖含量,当NO3--N∶NH4+-N处于3∶7~5∶5范围内时可以减少花球中硝酸盐积累量,处于5∶5~7∶3范围内时可获得较高的可溶性糖含量.铵态氮肥(包括酰胺态氮肥)有利于花球中Vc含量的提高.施氮肥可以提高植株中氮、磷、钾的积累量,其中莲座期各处理植株氮、磷、钾含量均为最高.在整个生长期铵态氮有利于促进氮含量的提高,硝态氮有利于钾含量的提高,但在不同时期磷含量受氮源的影响变化不一致.与单一氮肥形态相比,当NO3--N∶NH4+-N处于3∶7~5∶5范围内时易获得高产.因此硝态氮肥与铵态氮肥以适当的比例配合施用可以提高花椰菜的品质、生物产量和经济效益.  相似文献   

8.
灌溉量和施氮量对冬小麦产量和土壤硝态氮含量的影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
Jiang DY  Yu ZW  Xu ZZ 《应用生态学报》2011,22(2):364-368
研究了大田条件下灌溉量和施氮量对小麦产量和土壤硝态氮含量的影响.结果表明:增加灌溉量,0~200 cm土层硝态氮含量呈先降后升又降的趋势.0~80 cm土层硝态氮含量显著低于对照,而80~200 cm土层硝态氮含量显著高于对照.随灌溉量的增加,土壤硝态氮向深层运移加剧,在成熟期,0~80 cm土层硝态氮含量降低,120~200 cm土层硝态氮含量升高,并在120~140 cm土层硝态氮含量出现高峰.灌溉量不变,施氮量由210 kg·hm-2增加到300 kg·hm-2,开花期、灌浆期、成熟期0~200 cm各土层土壤硝态氮含量显著升高.随灌溉量的增加,小麦籽粒产量先增加后降低,以全生育期灌溉量为60 mm的处理籽粒产量最高.增加施氮量,籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量显著提高.本试验中,施氮量为210 kg.hm-2、两次灌溉总量为60 mm的处理籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、蛋白质产量和收获指数均较高,且土壤硝态氮损失少,是较合理的水氮运筹模式.  相似文献   

9.
在陕西永寿和河南洛阳分别进行了11处和7处小麦大田试验,设对照(不施氮)和施氮(150 kg N·hm-2)2个处理,测定了小麦生物量、籽粒产量及不同土层(0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100 cm)土壤铵态氮、硝态氮浓度.结果表明: 两地土壤铵态氮浓度均很低,而硝态氮浓度较高,其中硝态氮数量占铵态氮、硝态氮总量的91%,在反映土壤供氮特性方面与两者之和有完全一致趋势.不施氮情况下,永寿0~40、0~60、0~80和0~100 cm土层累积的硝态氮与小麦生物量和产量显著相关;而洛阳无显著相关关系.施氮后,永寿不同深度土层累积的硝态氮与小麦生物量和产量的相关关系显著下降,而洛阳出现负相关;两地小麦产量增量与0~80 和0~100 cm土层累积的硝态氮显著或极显著相关.小麦苗期主要依赖0~20 cm土层硝态氮;返青期、拔节期分别利用0~40 cm和0~60 cm土层硝态氮,成熟期则能利用0~100 cm土层累积硝态氮.小麦收获后对照土壤的铵态氮浓度与播前起始值无明显差异,而硝态氮大幅下降.  相似文献   

10.
石玉  于振文 《生态学报》2006,26(11):3661-3669
研究了高产麦田中施氮量和底追比例对冬小麦籽粒产量、土壤硝态氮含量和氮素平衡的影响。田间试验在山东省龙口市中村进行,试验区小麦各生育阶段的降雨量和零度以上的积温分别为:82.9mm, 649.8℃ (播种~冬前)、33.3mm, 578.7℃(冬前~拔节)、28mm, 359℃(拔节~开花)、84.3mm, 837.6℃(开花~成熟)。试验设3个施氮量:0kg•hm-2(CK)、168kg•hm-2(A)、240kg•hm-2(B);在施氮量168kg•hm-2和240kg•hm-2条件下分别设3个底追比例:1/2∶1/2(A1和B1)、1/3∶2/3(A2和B2)、0∶1(A3和B3)。结果表明:不同施氮处理之间植株氮积累量无显著差异;与不施氮处理相比,施氮可显著提高籽粒产量和蛋白质含量,施氮量为168kg•hm-2、底追比例为1/3∶2/3的处理A2与处理B2、B3差异不显著,但处理A2显著提高了氮肥利用率,降低了土壤残留量和氮素表观损失量;施氮量相同,适当增加追施氮肥的比例可显著提高籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和氮肥利用率。试验还表明,在拔节期,底施氮量为84kg•hm-2和120kg•hm-2的处理A1、B1,在80~100cm和100~160cm土层分别出现硝态氮的累积;而底施氮量为56kg•hm-2的处理A2,在0~200cm土层硝态氮含量和累积量与不施氮处理无显著差异。在成熟期,追施氮量大于160kg•hm-2的处理B3、A3和B2,硝态氮在120~180cm土层出现累积高峰,已下移到小麦根系可吸收范围之外,易于造成淋溶损失;而追氮量为112kg•hm-2的处理A2,在100~200cm土层硝态氮累积量与对照无显著差异。试验中,施氮量为168kg•hm-2底追比例为1/3∶2/3的处理A2的籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、地上部植株氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率和籽粒氮肥吸收利用率均较高,100~200cm土层未出现硝态氮的明显累积,氮素表观损失量最少,为最佳氮肥运筹方式。  相似文献   

11.
以黄土高原南部17年长期定位试验不同处理土壤为研究对象,研究了不同肥料处理及撂荒条件下土壤氮素矿化特性、灭菌与不灭菌条件下不同肥力土壤对施入外源硝态氮转化的影响.结果表明:氮磷钾化肥和有机肥配施(MNPK)及长期撂荒处理显著提高了土壤有机质和全氮含量以及土壤氮素矿化量和矿化率;氮磷钾化肥(NPK)处理虽然提高了土壤无机氮含量,但对土壤有机质、全氮、土壤氮素矿化量和矿化率的影响相对较小.高温高压灭菌显著增加了土壤铵态氮含量,但对不同处理土壤硝态氮含量无明显影响;在灭菌土壤培养过程中,土壤铵态氮含量呈显著增加趋势.同一土壤类型,不论灭菌与否,培养过程中施入土壤的硝态氮含量保持相对稳定,说明在本研究培养条件下,生物因素和非生物因素对外源硝态氮在土壤中的转化无明显影响.  相似文献   

12.
长江三角洲地区雨水中NH4+-N/NO3--N和δ15NH4+值的变化   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
2003年6月至2005年7月,利用自行设计的雨水收集器对位于长江三角洲地区的常熟、南京和杭州3个观测点进行了全年性雨水观测,分析了雨水中NH4+-N/NO3--N和铵态氮自然丰度(δ15NH4+)值的变化.结果表明:研究区3个观测点雨水中NH4+-N/NO3--N和δ15NH4+值均呈相似的季节性变化规律,两者的规律性变化在以田间农事耕作为主的常熟观测点尤其明显,而位于市区的南京观测点和位于城乡结合部的杭州观测点的规律性次之;雨水中NH4+-N/NO3--N的峰值出现在6月下旬到8月上旬,然后逐渐下降,冬季降到最低;雨水中δ15NH4+值在6月下旬到8月中旬为负值,在8月下旬到11月中下旬为正值,12月至翌年3月又变为负值,5至6月中旬又转变为正值.雨水中NH4+-N/NO3--N和δ15NH4+值的季节变化与不同作物生育期间氮肥的施用、当地气候的季节性变化以及其他NH3释放源的NH3挥发有关(人和动物排泄物、氮污染水体及有机氮源中的氨挥发),其对大气湿沉降中NH4+的来源、形态组成及陆地不同NH3排放源的强度具有明显的指示意义.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of NO-3 and NH+4 nutrition on hydroponically grownwheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were assessedfrom measurements of growth, gas exchange and xylem sap nitrogencontents. Biomass accumulation and shoot moisture contents ofwheat and maize were lower with NH+4 than with NO-3 nutrition.The shoot:root ratios of wheat plants were increased with NH+4compared to NO-3 nutrition, while those of maize were unaffectedby the nitrogen source. Differences between NO-3 and NH+4-fedplant biomasses were apparent soon after introduction of thenitrogen into the root medium of both wheat and maize, and thesedifferences were compounded during growth. Photosynthetic rates of 4 mM N-fed wheat were unaffected bythe form of nitrogen supplied whereas those of 12 mM NH+4-fedwheat plants were reduced to 85% of those 12 mM NO-3-fed wheatplants. In maize supplied with 4 and 12 mM NH+4 the photosyntheticrates were 87 and 82% respectively of those of NO-3-fed plants.Reduced photosynthetic rates of NH+4 compared to NO-3-fed wheatand maize plants may thus partially explain reduced biomassaccumulation in plants supplied with NH+4 compared to NO-3 nutrition.Differences in the partitioning of biomass between the shootsand roots of NO-3-and NH+4-fed plants may also, however, arisefrom xylem translocation of carbon from the root to the shootin the form of amino compounds. The organic nitrogen contentof xylem sap was found to be considerably higher in NH+4- thanin NO-3-fed plants. This may result in depletion of root carbohydrateresources through translocation of amino compounds to the shootin NH+4-fed wheat plants. The concentration of carbon associatedwith organic nitrogen in the xylem sap of maize was considerablyhigher than that in wheat. This may indicate that the shootand root components of maize share a common carbon pool andthus differences induced by different forms of inorganic nitrogenare manifested as altered overall growth rather than changesin the shoot:root ratios.Copyright 1993, 1999 Academic Press Triticum aestivum, wheat, Zea mays, maize, nitrogen, growth, photosynthesis, amino acids, xylem  相似文献   

14.
发生在水稻根际的硝化作用对水稻的氮素(N)营养受到人们越来越大的关注。在田间条件下研究了不同N效率粳稻品种(4007、武运粳7号和Elio)在无肥(0kgN/hm^2)、中肥(180kgN/hm^2)和高肥(300kgN/hm^2)水平下籽粒产量、吸N量、N肥利用率、根际土壤铵态氮(NH4^+-N)和硝态氮(NO3^--N)含量、硝化强度和氨氧化细菌(AOB)数量。结果表明不同水稻品种的籽粒产量在3个N处理中差异极显著,4007在中肥处理中获得最高产量11117kg/hm^2,而Eilo在所有处理中籽粒产量均最低。各品种地上部吸N量随施N量增加而增加,但各品种之间差异不显著。不同水稻品种N肥利用率差异显著,4007显著高于武运粳7号和Elio。本试验根据不同品种水稻在不施N肥水平下的籽粒产量与N肥利用率的大小,将3个品种分为N肥高效敏感型(4007)、N肥高效不敏感型(武运粳7号)和N肥低效不敏感型(Elio)。在水稻中后期干湿交替的水分管理条件下,无肥和中肥区的水稻根际土壤以NO3^--N为主;而在高肥区则以NH4^+-N为主。随着施N量增加,水稻根际土壤铵、硝态N含量也随之增加。NH4^+-N含量在无肥、中肥和高肥水平下分别为0.88、0.94mg/kg和13.5mg/kg,而NO3^--N含量分别为1.61、1.73mg/kg和2.33mg/kg。不同水稻品种根际土壤硝化强度之间差异极显著,在3个施N水平下均表现为4007〉武运粳7号〉Elio。其平均值分别为6.94、5.46μg/(kg·h)和2.42μg/(kg·h)。在3个施N水平下,Elio根际土壤AOB数量均显著低于4007和武运粳7号。4007根际土壤AOB数量在高肥水平下达最大值2.02×106个/g土,而最小值为中肥水平下Elio的根际土壤(1.89×105个/g土)。相关性分析表明,水稻根际土壤硝化强度在无肥、中肥和高肥条件下与产量呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.799,0.877,0.934),而且在中肥条件下与水稻N肥利用率显著相关(r=0.735)。水稻根际土壤AOB数量分别和硝化强度以及水稻籽粒产量呈极显著正相关关系。试验结果表明,水稻根际的硝化作用较大程度上决定着水稻籽粒产量或水稻N肥利用率。  相似文献   

15.
Respiratory oxygen consumption by roots was 1·4- and1·6-fold larger in NH+4-fed than in NO-3-fed wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants respectively. Higherroot oxygen consumption in NH+4-fed plants than in NO-3-fedplants was associated with higher total nitrogen contents inNH+4-fed plants. Root oxygen consumption was, however, not correlatedwith growth rates or shoot:root ratios. Carbon dioxide releasewas 1·4- and 1·2-fold larger in NO+3-fed thanin NH+4-fed wheat and maize plants respectively. Differencesin oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange rates resulted inthe gas exchange quotients of NH-4-fed plants (wheat, 0·5;maize, 0·6) being greatly reduced compared with thoseof NO-3-fed plants (wheat, 1·0; maize, 1·1). Measuredrates of HCO-3 assimilation by PEPc in roots were considerablylarger in 4 mM NH+4-fed than in 4 NO-3 plants (wheat, 2·6-fold;maize, 8·3-fold). These differences were, however, insufficientto account for the observed differences in root carbon dioxideflux and it is probable that HCO-3 uptake is also importantin determining carbon dioxide fluxes. Thus reduced root extension in NH+4-fed compared with NO-3-fedwheat plants could not be ascribed to differences in carbondioxide losses from roots.Copyright 1993, 1999 Academic Press Triticum aestivum, wheat, Zea mays, maize assimilation, ammonium assimilation, root respiration  相似文献   

16.
We present results from a study of soil solution concentrations of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), and amino acid N over one growing season along a local 90-m-long plant productivity gradient in a boreal forest. Three forest types are found along the gradient: an ericaceous dwarf-shrub type between 0 and 40 m, a low-herb type between 40 and 80 m, and a tall-herb type at 90 m. Soil sampling of the mor layer was performed in June, July, August and October in the three forest types. In addition, plant uptake of NH4+, NO3- and the amino acid glycine was investigated. A mixture of the three N forms was injected into the soil; one N form at a time was labeled with 15N, and in the case of glycine also with 13C. In the dwarf-shrub forest, where plant productivity was low, the soil N pool was strongly dominated by amino acid N. There, plants took up more NH4+ than NO3-. Glycine uptake did not differ significantly from either NH4+ or NO3- uptake. Along the gradient, soil concentrations of NH4+ and NO3- increased, as did plant productivity. In the low-herb forest NH4+ comprised a major portion of the soil N pool, and plants took up more NH4+ than NO3- or glycine. In the tall-herb forest, NO3- was as abundant as NH4+, and together these two N forms dominated the soil N pool. Here, plants took up nearly equal amounts of NO3- and NH4+, and this uptake exceeded that of glycine severalfold. Apart from the overall preference for NH4+ that plants exhibited throughout the gradient, the results show a correlation between soil concentrations of amino acids and NO3- and plant preferences for these N forms.  相似文献   

17.
氮素形态对小麦花后不同器官内源激素含量的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
 采用盆栽方法,研究了酰胺态氮、铵态氮和硝态氮对小麦(Triticum aestivum) 花后根系、旗叶和籽粒内源激素IAA、GA3、ABA和ZR含量的影响。结果表明,小麦不同器官的内源激素含量对3种氮素形态的响应不同。氮素形态调节籽粒灌浆是通过根系、旗叶和籽粒中内源激素的协同作用而实现的。酰胺态氮与硝态氮处理相比,小麦花后5~15 d,旗叶GA3含量、籽粒IAA和ABA含量较高,籽粒灌浆速率(Grain-filling rate, GFR)较高;花后15~25 d,根系GA3含量、旗叶IAA和GA3含量、籽粒ABA含量较高,籽粒IAA含量较低,GFR较低。铵态氮与硝态氮处理相比,小麦花后5 d,籽粒ZR含量较高;花后15 d前后,籽粒IAA、ABA含量较低,GFR 较低;花后20~25 d,根系ZR、GA3含量较低,旗叶IAA、GA3含量较低,ABA含量较高,籽粒 ABA、GA3含量较低,IAA含量较高,GFR较高。铵态氮比硝态氮处理的小麦籽粒粒重显著增加。 铵态氮和酰胺态氮处理比硝态氮处理增产显著。建议在‘豫麦49’施肥时,使用铵态氮或酰胺态氮并配施硝化抑制剂。  相似文献   

18.
The uptake of ammonium sulphate by 14-month-old potted tea plantsgrown in a glasshouse was studied over the 11-week period followingapplication. Concurrent changes in the starch of root-wood,amino acids of xylem sap, and total nitrogen of leaves, stems,root-wood, and feeder roots were determined. Depletion of nitrogenfrom the soil at different depths and transformation of NH4+to NO3 was also followed. The results show that the uptake of nitrogen commences within2 days of application as indicated by a marked increase in theamino-acid content of the xylem sap. Glutamine and, to a lesserextent, theanine were quantitatively the most important aminoacids in the sap. The amino-acid content of the sap was a maximumat about the time rapid depletion of the ammonium of the soiltook place. An interesting feature of the work is the reciprocalrelationship between the changes in the starch of root-woodand amino acids in the sap a few days after fertilizer application.Studies on the ammonium and nitrate levels of the soil at differentdepths showed that transformation of NH4+ to NO3 occurredin the soil. The response of the various tissues to applied fertilizer nitrogenand increase in the fresh weight of the shoot system showedsimilar trends and may be correlated with the depletion of ammonium-nitrogenfrom the soil.  相似文献   

19.
Insam  H.  Palojärvi  A. 《Plant and Soil》1995,168(1):75-81
Several boreal and alpine forests are depleted in nutrients due to acidification. Fertilization may be a remedy, but rapidly-soluble salts (N, P, K, Mg) may pose nitrate problems for the groundwater or decrease microbial activity.With the aim to investigate potential nitrogen leaching after fertilization we set up an experiment employing intact soil cores (11 cm diameter, 20–40 cm long) from a mixed forest and a Picea abies stand (soil type Rendsina) in the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria. The cores were fertilized with a commercial NPK fertilizer or a methylene-urea-apatite-biotite (MuAB) fertilizer at a rate corresponding to 300 kg N ha-1 and incubated for 28 weeks together with unfertilized controls. Both soil water (retrieved 5 cm below the soil surface) and leachate were analyzed for nitrate and ammonium in regular intervals. After the incubation, soil microbial biomass and basal repiration were determined and a nitrogen mineralization assay was performed.For the control, in the soil water and leachate maximum NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations of 5 and 11 mg N L-1, respectively, were found. Compared to that, MuAB fertilizer resulted in a slow increase of NH4 + and NO3 - in the soil water (up to 11 and 35 mg N L-1 respectively) and in the leachate (4 mg NH4 +-N L-1 and 44 mg NO3 --N L-1). Highest nitrogen loads were found for the fast release NPK fertilizer, with NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations up to 170 and 270 mg N L-1, respectively, in the soil water. NH4 +-N levels in the leachate remained below 5, while NO3-N levels were up to 190 mg L-1. Fast- release NPK caused a significant decrease of microbial biomass and basal respiration. These parameters were not affected by MuAB fertilizer.The results suggest that the MuAB fertilizer may be an ecologically appropriate alternative to fast-release mineral fertilizers for improving forest soils.  相似文献   

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