Design and Analysis of Vaccine Studies by HALLORAN,M. E., LONGINI JR., I. M., and STRUCHINER,C. J.

Design and Analysis of Vaccine Studies (M. E. Halloran, I. M. Longini Jr. and C. J. Struchiner) Neal Alexander A SAS/IML Companion for Linear Models (J. J. Perrett) James E. Gentle Introducing Monte Carlo Methods with R (C. P. Robert and G. Casella) Brian D. Ripley Introductory Time Series with R (P. S. P. Cowpertwait and A. V. Metcalfe)
W. K. Li Linear Model Methodology (A. I. Khuri) Ronald R. Hocking     

Equitable maritime boundary delimitation,as exemplified in the work of the international court of justice during the presidency of sir Robert Yewdall Jennings and Beyond

The article contains a systematic survey of decisions rendered by the International Court of Justice (and its Chamber) under the presidency of Sir Robert Yewdall Jennings in three cases (Guinea Bissau v. Senegal, Gulf of Fonseca, and Denmark v. Norway,) involving equitable maritime delimitation, and in one case (East Timor) settled after Sir Robert's presidency. Distinct features, which are particularly pronounced in the landmark Denmark v. Norway Judgment, are the increased consistency and degree of predictability in the complex process of applying equity in maritime delimitation, of which Sir Robert has been a strong advocate. The important procedural aspects of the case law under Sir Robert's presidency are also analyzed. These are exemplified by the role of the Court as a partner in preventive diplomacy and by the precedential permission granted a third state to intervene as a nonparty. While highlighting the two presently pending cases (Qatar/Bahrain and Cameroon v. Nigeria), the author hopes that these settlements will significantly benefit from substantial and procedural solutions endorsed by the Court during Sir Robert's presidency.     

The last illnesses of Robert and Horace Walpole

Urinary lithiasis and gout were uncommonly prevalent in the eighteenth century. This essay considers the history of both afflictions and especially tells of the last illnesses of Sir Robert Walpole, who died from complications of stone, and his son, Horace, who throughout his life was a sufferer of gout.     

Sir William Osler revisited.

The basis of Sir William Osler''s fame is elusive to almost all and the appropriateness of such recognition is questioned by many. His many contributions as a practitioner, teacher, writer, and scientist in medicine do not adequately explain his prominence 60 years following his death. It was his participation in the covenant of medicine and the special components of that relationship that may account for his hold on his followers today.     

The life and times of Robert Smith

Summary

Robert Smith (1874–1900) is credited with having made the first systematic ecological studies to be carried out in Britain. His childhood in Dundee is described and consideration is given to the possible influence of his brother William and of the countryside of Angus and Ayrshire in forming his early interest in field botany and vegetation science. His pioneering studies were encouraged by Patrick Geddes and D'Arcy Thompson, and later by Charles Flahault in Montpellier, so that Smith became an outstanding teacher and researcher at a time of momentous developments in the natural sciences.     

Confirmation of Hypoglycemia in the “Dead-In-Bed” Syndrome,as Captured by a Retrospective Continuous Glucose Monitoring System

ObjectiveTo report a case that substantiates the presence of hypoglycemia at the time of death of a young man with type 1 diabetes, who was found unresponsive in his undisturbed bed in the morning.MethodsWe describe a 23-year-old man with a history of type 1 diabetes treated with an insulin pump, who had recurrent severe hypoglycemia. In an effort to understand these episodes better and attempt to eliminate them, a retrospective (non-real-time) continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) was attached to the patient. He was found dead in his undisturbed bed 20 hours later. The insulin pump and CGMS were both downloaded for postmortem study.ResultsPostmortem download of the data in the CGMS demonstrated glucose levels below 30 mg/dL around the time of his death, with only a minimal counterregulatory response. This finding corresponded to a postmortem vitreous humor glucose of 25 mg/dL. An autopsy showed no major anatomic abnormalities that could have contributed to his death.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first documentation of hypoglycemia at the time of death in a patient with the “dead-in-bed” syndrome. This report should raise the awareness of physicians to the potentially lethal effectsof hypoglycemia and provide justification for efforts directed at avoiding nocturnal hypoglycemia. (Endocr Pract. 2010;16:244-248)     

A J E Smith,M.A., D.Phil., D.Sc. (1935–2012)

Abstract

Based on morphology and phylogenetical analyses of nrITS sequences, the Andean endemic Plagiochila (Jamesoniella) dependula is placed in Plagiochila sect. Fuscoluteae. Perianths, oil bodies and sporophytes are described for the first time. Morphologically, P. dependula is characterized by entire, dorsally mostly shortly decurrent, laterally appressed, reniform leaves which are covered by irregular papillae and membranous wax platelets, papillose oil bodies, intercalary androecia with opposite bracts that overlap dorsally, a plagiochilid perianth with an entire mouth, a 250 μm thick capsule wall with thickenings in all layers, large 1–4 celled spores, and bispiral elaters. Morphotypes of Plagiochila fuscolutea with laterally appressed leaves differ from P. dependula by an at least moderately decurrent, broad dorsal leaf base, a ±smooth upper leaf surface, and by its often toothed leaf apices. Plagiochila wolframii is placed in the synonymy of P. fuscolutea. Maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses of 29 Plagiochila ITS sequences resolve P. dependula in a well-supported clade with several other representatives of P. sect. Fuscoluteae. Branch lengths within sect. Fuscoluteae point to a sudden diversification. Accessions of P. heterophylla s.str. from Great Britain (formerly known as P. atlantica) and Costa Rica form an unsupported monophyletic lineage.     

Peptide chemistry at Oxford before the Second World War.

The largely unnoticed and unpublished peptide science interests of Nobel Laureate Sir Robert Robinson at Oxford during the period 1936-1939 are outlined.     

Sir William Jardine and the Ichnology of Annandale

ABSTRACT

Sir William Jardine was a polymath; he was one of the world's foremost ornithologists, and ichthyologists, as well as a knowledgeable geologist, entomologist and botanist. He was a talented and skilled artist and engraver and a keen hunter and fisherman. He was also the author of the book The Ichnology of Annandale that represents the first book ever published on the subject of ichnology. It was here in this volume that Jardine coined the word ichnology. It is also one of the rarest ichnology publications, as it is believed that only 135–140 copies were ever printed. This volume remains the most lavishly illustrated book in vertebrate ichnology literature. This paper discusses the work of Jardine, the finds from his estate and his role in defining ichnology as a science.     

Postmortem Diagnosis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Presenting as the "Dead-in-Bed Syndrome"

Objective:To report a case of a young male with type 1 diabetes mellitus found dead in his bed, initially assumed to have died from hypoglycemia (i.e., the “dead in bed” syndrome). However, his autopsy findings revealed that diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was the cause of death.MethodsWe present the laboratory and autopsy findings of the patient, highlighting the importance of laboratory analyses of the vitreous humor and microscopy of kidney tissue when investigating the cause of sudden death in patients with type 1 diabetes.ResultsA 25-year-old healthy male with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy was found dead in his undisturbed bed. An autopsy included vitreous humor analyses. His results were as follows: glucose of 755 mg/dL (reference range 70-105 mg/dL), anion gap > 36 mEq (reference range 4-12 mEq/L), elevated acetone at 66 mg/dL (reference range negative), which were consistent with DKA. Renal microscopy demonstrated subnuclear vacuoles in the proximal tubules, 1 of 2 lesions were described as an Armanni-Ebstein lesion, which is a postmortem finding in patients who die from diabetic coma.ConclusionThe most likely cause of death at home in young patients with type 1 diabetes is severe hypoglycemia. However, an autopsy of the present case confirmed DKA based on vitreous humor biochemistry and microscopic examination of the kidneys, which demonstrated the Armanni-Ebstein phenomenon. Analysis of the vitreous fluid and microscopic examination of the kidneys for the presence of Armanni-Ebstein lesion can be used to help determine the cause of death in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. (Endocr Pract. 2014;20:e123-e125)     

Book Reviews

Birds In Our LIVES edited by Alfred Stefferud and Arnold L. Nelson. Arco Publishing Co., Inc. 219 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10003. 1970. 447pp. $9.00 library binding; $5.95 paper. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

Gases by Vicki Cobb. Franklin Watts, Inc., 575 Lexington Ave., New York, N.Y. 10022. 1970. 72pp. $3.75. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

Developing Children's Thinking Through Science by Anderson, DeVito, Dyrli, Kellogg, Kochendorfer, and Weigand. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632. 1970. 370pp. $9.95. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

Aquatic Insects and How They Live by Robert M. Mc-Clung. William Morrow and Co., 105 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1970. 64 pp. $3.95. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

Food is For Eating; Toby on the Move; Many is How Many; Things Are Made to Move; Sounds all About; Shapes; Things are Alike and Different; Animals and More Animals by Illa Podendorf. Children's Press, Chicago, Illinois. 1970. 47 pp. each. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

The New World of the Oceans by Daniel Behrman. Little, Brown and Co., Boston, Mass. 1969. 436 pp. $8.95. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.     

Bubbles: A Many-Sided Project

Abstract

Seed to Civilization/The Story of Man's Food by Charles B. Heiser, Jr., W. H. Freeman and Co., 660 Market Street, San Francisco, Calif. 94104, 1973, 243pp., references and index, $7.50. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden

A Guide to the National Parks/Their Landscape and Geology by William H. Matthews III, Doubleday/Natural History Press, Garden City, New York, 1973, 529pp., selected readings, glossary and index, $5.95. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden

Wandering Lands and Animals by Edwin H. Colbert, E. P. Dutton, 201 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10003, 1973, 32pp., bibliography, glossary and index, $12.50. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden

Astronomy in Color by Peter Lancester Brown, The MacMillan Co., 866 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022, 1972, 265pp., appendices, glossary and index, $4.95. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden

The Facts of Flight by Jerry Grey, a Franklin Institute book, Westminster Press, Philadelphia, Penn., 1973, 135pp., glossary and index. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden

Zoos are News/Conservation or Extinction? by Cyril Bracegirdle, Abelard-Schuman Ltd., 257 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10010, 1973, 176pp., index, $5.95. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden     

Audio-Visual Approaches to Science Teaching

From Instinct to Intelligence/How Animals Learn by Gloria Kirshner. Grosset &; Dunlap Publishers, 51 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10010. 1970. 127 pp., $3.95. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

A Pictorial History of Oceanographic Submersibles by James B. Sweeney, Crown Publishers, Inc., 419 Park Ave. South, New York, N.Y. 10016. 1970. 314 pp., Indexed, Bibliography. $9.95. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

Where the Winds Sleep: Man's Future on the Moon—A Projected History by Neil P. Ruzic. Doubleday &; Co., Inc., Garden City, New York, 1970. 236 pp., Indexed. $5.95. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

Hunters and Collectors by George H. T. Kimble. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 330 West 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10036. 1970. 48 pp., Indexed. $4.95 trade edn., $4.72 lib. edn. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

Life in Ponds by Jean Gorvett. American Heritage Press, New York. 1920. 31 pp. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

Discovering What Goldfish Do by Seymour Simon. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 330 West 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 1970. 47 pp. $3.95 trade edn. $3.83 lib. edn. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.

Building and Flying Scale Model Aircraft 3rd Edition by Walter A. Musciano. Herman Publishing Service, Division of Cahners Pub. Co., Inc., 221 Columbus Ave., Boston, Mass. 02116. 1970. 245 pp. Glossary, $7.95. Reviewed by Robert C. Hayden.     

Nosema takapauensis n.sp., a microsporidan parasite of larvae of Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in New Zealand

Morphological and biological features of a microsporidan protozoan parasite of larvae of Costelytra zealandica collected at Takapau, southern Hawkes Bay, are described and evaluated taxonomically. The parasite multiplies in the fat body of all larval instars, causing massive tissue disintegration in advanced infection resulting in the retardation of development and ultimately death before pupation. The microsporidan forms one spore per sporont, and therefore belongs to genus Nosema’, it is considered to be specifically distinct from its nearest congener, N. melolonthae.     

Response of Marine Ecosystems to Global Change: Ecological Impact of Appendicularians. Edited by Gorsky G., Youngbluth M. J. and Deibel D. Editions Scientifiques, Paris, 2005. 434 pp. ISBN 2847030298 (paperback). {euro}59. www.eacgb.com + 1 colour plate.

This book arose from a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)Advance Research Workshop held in December 2001 at the OceanologicalObservatory, Villefranche-sur-Mer, where the first editor andR. Fenaux are based. It starts with a tribute by the first editorto Robert Fenaux, his former doctoral supervisor and constantresearch partner. Like mentor like student, both are pioneersof research and underwater observations of appendicularians.Then follow an Introduction and 19 mainly multiauthored chapters. The title might lead     

Dedication to Sir Peter Brian Medawar,O.M., C.H., C.B.E., M.A., D.SC., F.R.S

C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a primary infection of Schistosoma mansoni. The lymphocytes of the mediastinal, hepatic, and mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen which drain the pulmonary, hepatic, intestinal, and “systemic” phases of infection, respectively, were assessed for their ability to interact with soluble cercarial immunogen. The capacity to bind antigen, i.e., rosette-forming cells (B- or T-RFC) both bind antigen and simultaneously produce specific lytic antibodies, i.e., rosette-antibody-forming cells (RAFC); or exclusively produce specific antibody, i.e., plaque-forming cells (PFC) was assessed. The results indicated that maximal RFC were detected sequentially in the mediastinal (Week 1), then in the hepatic (Week 5), and finally in the mesenteric (Weeks 7–9) nodes; thus, the immune response anatomically recapitulated the migrating pathway of the parasite during the pulmonary, hepatic, and intestinal phases of the infection. The number of RFC was significantly higher in the mediastinal nodes and the hepatic nodes than in the mesenteric nodes. Although both T- and B-RFC were noted, the response was predominantly B in character. The spleen exhibited an early predominantly T-cell RFC response at Week 4 and a later predominantly B-cell RFC response at Week 11. Further characterization of the B-cell responses showed that the initial responses of the lymphocytes were predominantly IgM in nature. A variety of unique patterns relative to the predominance of IgG-, IgA-, or “IgE”-bearing cells subsequently evolved in each anatomic lymphoid organ. In all the lymphoid organs studied the lymphocytes exhibited a maturational progression from B-RFC, to RAFC and then to PFC. The responses of the lymphocytes of the various lymphoid organs have been further characterized against soluble egg (SEA) immunogen (P. B. Khoury and S. M. Phillips, Cell. Immunol.59, 246, 1981).     

Hooker and islands1

Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), friend and scientific confidant of Charles Darwin, lectured in 1866 on ‘Insular floras’ at the Annual Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. His interest and knowledge of islands had been aroused when he travelled to the Antarctic aboard the Erebus under Sir James Clark Ross from 1839–43. On his return, Darwin passed on to Hooker the botanical collections he had made on the Beagle voyage, including those from the Galapagos. Hooker's conclusions from these and from his own material and experiences were important to Darwin as he developed the ideas that culminated in the publication of the Origin of Species. The 1866 lecture provided a focus for subsequent and informative studies on evolution, and islands continue to provide invaluable natural laboratories for evolutionary biology and genetics. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96 , 462–481.     

The Identity of La Salle’S Pana Slave

Abstract

In June 1682 Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, was presented with a “Pana” boy by the Illinois Michigamea Indians. The boy told La Salle of his history as a captive in four Indian tribes. He described Indian village locations and listed the tribes which had “many” horses. The significance of the information for which he was the source depends on the tribal identity of the captive. It has been suggested in anthropological literature that “Pana” indicated “Pawnee,” Ponca, Arikara, Wichita, even Apache. After examination of evidence-linguistic, cultural, historical - it seems most likely he was a Southern Pawnee, a Wichita. If this was so, then his information substantiates the theory of Kroeber, Brant and others that some Kiowa Apaches were still living in the southern Plains in the late 17th century.     

Looks are deceiving: The portraits of Christopher Columbus

Since no portraits of the famed discoverer, Christopher Columbus, were made during his lifetime, an analysis of the images used to describe the physical attributes of the man and his place in history is an exercise in cultural relativism. Three time periods were studied: soon after his death when the public simply needed to know what the explorer looked like, hundreds of years after his explorations when commercial interests used Columbus as a symbol for their own further expansion into unknown territories, and during the present day when a majority of opinion about Columbus and his exploits is severely critical.