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1.
外源激素对脱毒马铃薯扦插苗生长及生理效应研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以‘早大白’马铃薯脱毒苗为试验材料,通过人工温室苗床栽培探讨外源激素萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)和硼酸生根处理对扦插脱毒苗生长和生理特征的影响,为马铃薯微型薯的实际生产提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)外源激素生根处理较对照扦插苗根系长势好,根活力、根系可溶性蛋白含量增加。(2)外源激素生根处理较对照脱毒扦插苗光合速率提高、叶绿素含量增加,光合物质的形成与积累增多。(3)外源激素生根处理较对照叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性和游离氨基酸含量均表现出不同程度的上升,MDA含量下降,衰老减缓。(4)外源激素生根处理有利于小区产量和单株结薯数的增加。研究表明,不同外源激素生根处理可改善脱毒马铃薯扦插苗农艺性状和生理指标,并以NAA 100mg/L+IBA 50mg/L+硼酸17.5mg/L配方处理植株的长势最好,叶绿素含量、保护酶活性及游离氨基酸含量最高,净光合速率大、小薯膨大速度快且单株结薯数量及产量增加显著,更利于发挥脱毒薯的增产优势。  相似文献   

2.
为揭示南方红豆杉种子内源激素与休眠的关系,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定了经过层积处理的种皮和胚乳的脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3 )、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)4种内源激素含量的变化情况.结果表明:种子胚乳中内源ABA的含量随着层积时间的延长而逐渐下降,GA含量增加,IAA和ZR的含量先增加后降低...  相似文献   

3.
牡丹冬季室内催花过程中内源激素含量的变化   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
牡丹品种朱砂垒(PaeoniasuffruticosaAndr.cv.Zhushalei)在冬季室内催花过程中7种内源激素含量变化不同。玉米素核苷(Z ZR)、生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA3)的含量在花生长发育过程中处于较高水平;而脱落酸(ABA)、异戊烯基腺苷(IP IPA)、二氢玉米素核苷(DHZ DHZR)、赤霉素(GA4)的含量低于上述3种内源激素。激素平衡方面,GAs/ABA、CTKs/ABA、IAA/ABA处于较高水平,变化幅度较大。在催花过程中,内源激素以及其平衡影响牡丹花的生长发育。本研究结果对牡丹花期调控提供理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
以‘济薯26’和‘广薯87’为试验材料,采用砂培试验方法,以10%浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,动态研究了干旱胁迫对甘薯发根分枝结薯期的3个不同阶段根系形态、内源激素、叶绿素荧光和活性氧代谢的影响.结果表明: 不同时期干旱胁迫均导致甘薯生物量显著降低,影响程度为移栽后第10天>第20天>第30天.与正常供水相比,移栽后10 d干旱胁迫导致甘薯平均直径和根体积下降幅度最大,其次是移栽后20 d,最后是移栽后30 d.双因素分析表明,不同时期和干旱胁迫显著影响了根系形态特征,且交互效应显著.不同时期干旱胁迫均显著降低了甘薯功能叶的叶绿素荧光特性,导致光合产物形成受阻,进而抑制了甘薯根系的分化.不同时期干旱胁迫均导致根系中促生长激素(吲哚乙酸和玉米素核苷)含量显著下降,抑制生长激素(脱落酸)含量显著上升,以及激素间比例失衡,从而抑制甘薯根系分化,且胁迫时间越早,甘薯根系分化受阻越严重.其中,济薯26根系分化受阻的严重程度显著低于广薯87.逐步回归分析表明,根内源激素和叶绿素荧光是影响平均直径和根体积的关键指标(R分别为0.936和0.972);通径分析表明,对甘薯平均直径和根体积的影响直接作用系数较大的是玉米素核苷、最大光化学效率和脱落酸.甘薯的水分临界期在发根分枝结薯期,其中移栽后第10天对干旱胁迫更敏感.在实际生产中,应加强栽苗后缓苗水分的供应.  相似文献   

5.
为探索黄花倒水莲春梢生理生化特性的差异以及不同内源激素的变化规律,该文对黄花倒水莲春梢的生长动态进行监测,采用间接酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定脱落酸(ABA)、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、乙烯(ETH)和玉米素核苷(ZR)五种内源激素含量的动态变化,并对两者间的相关性进行分析。结果表明:(1)黄花倒水莲春梢生长发育过程可分为快速增长期(0~12 d)、生长转折期(16~20 d)和缓慢增长期(24~32 d)三个阶段。(2)内源激素ABA、GA、ETH和ZR含量在缓慢增长期显著高于快速增长期和生长转折期,IAA含量各时期差异较小。(3)春梢长、底部叶长和叶宽在快速增长期与ABA、GA、ETH和ZR含量呈负相关,且与ZR含量具有一定显著性,与IAA含量呈正相关;生长转折期,各指标与GA、ETH和ZR含量呈正相关,与GA含量具有一定显著性,与ABA含量呈负相关;缓慢增长期,各指标与五种内源激素含量均呈正相关,与IAA和ZR含量具有一定显著性。该研究结果为生产上利用外源激素调控黄花倒水莲春梢抽出以及生长提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

6.
细叶楠(Phoebe hui Cheng ex Yang)是我国特有的珍贵树种,种子具有生理休眠特性。本文以细叶楠种子为实验材料,研究不同低温层积处理时间(0、20、40、60 d)对细叶楠种子发芽率、营养物质(淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及内源激素脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)的影响,分析细叶楠种子萌发与其生理指标的相关性。结果显示:(1)低温层积可以有效打破细叶楠种子的休眠,且处理60 d效果最佳。(2)在低温层积过程,细叶楠种子萌发时间缩短,发芽率提高;种子内淀粉含量降低,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量升高;POD活性上升;ABA含量下降,GA3、IAA含量增加,而ZR含量先上升后下降。(3)细叶楠种子休眠的解除与萌发与其体内营养物质含量、POD活性以及内源激素含量的变化密切相关。  相似文献   

7.
马铃薯花芽分化与内源激素动态变化的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以马铃薯2个开花品种YS205和HZ88以及未开花品种YS304为材料,采用石蜡切片法观察花芽分化的解剖学特征,并用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定开花与未开花品种不同时期叶内4种内源激素——生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米核苷素(ZR)、脱落酸(ABA)含量的动态变化,探讨成花过程中叶片内源激素含量和比值的变化与成花的关系,为马铃薯花期调控、栽培和杂交育种提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)马铃薯花芽内部发育与外部形态之间有相对稳定的时序性对应关系,从花芽分化初期生长锥逐渐向上凸起,到雌雄蕊原基形成,完成整个花芽分化仅用了1周左右的时间,此阶段YS205和HZ88的花芽分化过程无明显差异,而YS304未成花。(2)随着花器官的不断发育,HZ88子房形成2室,每室多个胚珠,而YS205的子房在发育过程中发生了变异,形成完整的3室;YS205和HZ88都先后经历了授粉受精过程,HZ88具有一定的自交结实率,YS205无坐果率。(3)马铃薯3个品种的IAA、GA3、ZR和ABA含量在花芽分化前期均较低,且无明显差异性;随后,3个品种的IAA和GA3含量均呈先升后降的单峰变化曲线,但YS304上升和下降的速度较2个开花品种快,而且YS205和HZ88的ZR和ABA含量则始终高于YS304。(4)开花品种YS205和HZ88的ABA/IAA、ABA/GA3、ZR/IAA、ZR/GA3比值均高于未开花品种YS304,且随生育期变化趋势不同。研究表明,较低水平的IAA、GA3和高水平的ABA、ZR均有利于促进马铃薯花芽分化,反之则抑制花原基形态的建成。  相似文献   

8.
不同贮藏条件对马铃薯微型种薯活力及生理特性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以‘大西洋’、‘夏波蒂’2个品种的脱毒微型种薯为试验材料,分别在冷藏(4~6℃)、窖藏(8~12℃)和常温(18~22℃)条件下贮藏110 d,研究不同贮藏条件和温度对马铃薯微型种薯活力及生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)低温冷藏能显著提高微型种薯的活力,2个品种的活力指数分别比窖藏和常温贮藏高20.44%、20.28%和33.51%、35.46%。(2)冷藏与窖藏和常温贮藏相比,CAT活性高35.37%~48.25%、91.68%~125.23%,SOD活性高5.79%~6.60%、10.53%~12.81%,而MDA含量却降低30.47%~47.79%、85.54%~87.09%。(3)随着微型种薯的重量增加其活力指数显著提高,CAT和SOD活性也增加,而MDA含量逐渐降低。(4)经不同条件贮藏后,微型种薯的含水量呈下降趋势,以冷藏条件的含水量降低最少;可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,冷藏比窖藏和常温贮藏分别高14.63%~24.67%和25.5%~35.04%;淀粉含量表现为不同程度降低,以窖藏降低最少;可溶性糖含量虽有明显降低,但其含量变化无显著差异。说明低温贮藏可以使马铃薯微型种薯保持较高的活力,适合贮藏条件的顺序依次为:冷藏>窖藏>常温贮藏。  相似文献   

9.
脱毒马铃薯与工程马铃薯   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
马铃薯是仅次于水稻、小麦、玉米的第四大粮食作物,又是粮菜兼用作物及重要工业原料。中国种植面积4000万亩以上,居世界第一位。马铃薯产量高,营养丰富,其蛋白质含量超过玉米、小麦、豌豆等。但因病毒侵染引起马铃薯严重减产与种质退化,薯块逐年变小、产量逐年降低,使我国马铃薯单产远远落后于国际先进水平。在农业生产上马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)、马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)等的侵染造成极大危害,它们的复合侵染后果更加严重,可导致减产80%以上。 病毒是引起马铃薯退化的主要原因,高温等不良条件使退化加速,而病毒危害程度又与栽培条件和管理技术密切相关。解决退化最根  相似文献   

10.
皇冠草体细胞胚胎发生及其体胚发生过程中内源激素的变化   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
皇冠草是一种具有重要经济价值的大型观赏水草。以其幼叶为外植体,在MS培养基上,短期内(25d),直接诱导获得了体细胞胚。对不同的细胞分裂素及其不同组合的体胚诱导效应进行测试,发现:6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA,1mg/L)和玉米素(Zt,1mg/L)结合使用效果最好,诱导频率达100%,平均每个外植体可形成4.87个体细胞胚。当在含有Zt(1mg/L)的MS培养基中加入萘乙酸(NAA 0.5mg/L)时,外植体不能形成体细胞胚,而是形成大量的根。在含有吲哚乙酸(IAA,1mg/L)的MS培养基上,成熟的体胚5d后即可发育成完整的小植株。72%的小植株被成功地移栽到了水族箱中。采用HPLC法,对自外植体培养之日起到体胚发生和成熟的各个时期的内源激素含量进行了测定。发现各种内源激素的含量均不断增加,10d后达到对照的2倍左右。IAA含量在培养第10天时达到第一个峰值,第二个峰值出现在25d后;玉米素和玉米素核苷(Zt+ZR)含量在15d后达到最大值(为对照的8倍多),然后逐渐下降;赤霉素(GA-3)的变化趋势与细胞分裂素基本相同,但到体胚萌发时,其含量已恢复到对照水平;培养10d后的脱落酸(ABA)含量一直保持到了体胚成熟期。  相似文献   

11.
Detection of Potato Tuber-Inducing Activity in Potato Leaves and Old Tubers   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Potato tuberization is induced under short days but substancewhich triggers it is still unknown. Tuber-inducing activitywas detected in leaves and old tubers using single-node stemsegment culture in vitro as a bioassay method. The activityin leaves increased under short days, but remained almost constantunder long days. It was also found in physiologically old tubers.Anion exchange chromatography of the ethanol extract gave aneluate that exhibited strong tuber-inducing activity. Partialpurification revealed the presence of two kinds of active substances,one of which seemed to be a glycoside of the other. These substancesappear to be different from known plant hormones. (Received October 19, 1987; Accepted June 9, 1988)  相似文献   

12.
13.
采用微波消解法处理普通甘薯和紫甘薯样品,运用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中的K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 7种对人体有益的金属元素含量。结果表明,普通甘薯和紫甘薯中K、Ca、Fe、Mg元素含量较高,Mn、Zn、Cu元素含量较低,且7种金属元素含量在两者之间存在一定的差异,各元素在紫甘薯中的含量均比普通甘薯中含量高。方法的加标回收率介于98.5%~103.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于3.14%。可为普通甘薯与紫甘薯的品质评价提供理论参考。  相似文献   

14.
Relationship between the chemical constituents of tobacco leaves and the gaseous constituents of cigarette smoke from which K value1) was computed was discussed and the following presuppositions were demonstrated to be correct.

  1. Fibrous substances in tobacco leaves are the main precursors of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, methylethylketone, diacetyl, methanol, furan, an unknown compound, No. 6 and an unknown compound, No. 16 in cigarette smoke.

  2. Sugars in tobacco leaves are the main precursors of 2-methylfuran and 2,5-dimethyl- furan in cigarette smoke.

  3. Resinous substances in tobacco leaves are the main precursors of isoprene and an unknown compound, No. 2 in cigarette smoke.

  相似文献   

15.
16.
All known isolates of potato virus X (PVX), with the exception of a South American isolate PVXHB, induce an extreme resistance response on potato carrying the Rx gene and elicit the production of necrotic lesions on Gomphrena globosa: PVXHB establishes systemic infection on Rx genotypes of potato and infects the inoculated leaf of G. globosa without lesion formation. Previously, we have shown that the Rx-mediated resistance is affected by a feature of the coat protein that depends on the presence of a threonine residue at position 121 in the coat protein of PVXCP4 and that the resistance is an induced response expressed in protoplasts of potato with the Rx genotype. In this study, we provide evidence, based on the analysis of PVXCP4/PVXHB hybrids, that the elicitation of lesions on G. globosa also requires the presence of a threonine residue at position 121 of the viral coat protein. The lesion-forming phenotype was not associated with the ability of the viral isolate to accumulate in the infected plant. We therefore propose that there is a homologous component of both potato carrying Rx and G. globosa that interacts with a feature of the PVX coat protein and, following the interaction, activates an induced response in the plant cell.  相似文献   

17.
The sucrose content in both potato tubers and sweet potato roots was considerably increased by gamma-irradiation. The maximum increase was achieved by an irradiation dose of 3 to 4 kGy for potatoes and 0.8 to 2 kGy for sweet potatoes. Cooling treatment (15°C, 2 weeks) for sweet potato roots also enhanced the sucrose content (almost 2 times) but was not additive to the irradiation treatment; the maximum sucrose content in irradiated sweet potato roots was in the range of 7 to 12% irrespective of the cooling treatment, depending on the variety of sweet potatoes. Irradiation made the sucrose content in the roots 2 to 4 times higher.  相似文献   

18.
The relative suitability of potato and crops frequently grown in rotation with potato as hosts for Pratylenchus penetrans was evaluated. Suitability of rye, wheat, corn, oat, sorgho-sudangrass, and potato were compared in pot studies based on ratios of final population : initial population density and densities of nematodes in roots at harvest. Population densities increased more on potato, oat, and corn than on rye, wheat, and sorgho-sudangrass. There were no differences among the four rye cultivars or between the two oat cultivars in host suitability. Population increases were not related to root weight or consistently to nematode densities in roots. Although rye and wheat were equally suitable hosts in pot studies, P. penetrans increased more on wheat than on rye in a field study, indicating that reproduction was reduced or mortality was increased on rye under field conditions.  相似文献   

19.
Amides in a CH2Cl2 extract from the fruits of Piper retrofractum were detected by HPLC/APCI-MS. Seven new unsaturated amides, together with six known ones, were isolated, and their structures were determined to be N-isobutyl-2E,4E,12Z-octadecatrienamide (1), N-isobutyl-2E,4E,14Z-eicosatrienamide (2), 1-(octadeca-2E,4E,12Z-trienoyl)piperidine (3), 1-(eicosa-2E,4E,14Z-trienoyl)piperidine (4), 1-(octadeca-2E,4E-dienoyl)piperidine (5), 1-(eicosa-2E,4E-dienoyl)piperidine (6), and 1-(eicosa-2E,14Z-dienoyl)piperidine (7) on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.  相似文献   

20.
Field studies quantified predation on Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say)] eggs and determined the relationship between predation and egg mass abundance in research and commercial potato plantings in eastern North Carolina. Predator exclusion experiments were conducted weekly in research plantings. In addition, egg mass density and predation on egg masses were monitored throughout the season in research plots and commercial potato fields. Predation was an important source of mortality for Colorado potato beetle eggs. Survivorship of eggs exposed to predators was consistently, significantly lower than survivorship of eggs protected from predation. Averaged over 2 years, the mean survivorship of eggs protected from predation was 69%, compared with 26% survivorship of eggs exposed to predation. Regression analysis failed to detect any relationship between egg mortality due to predation and egg abundance. These results imply that efforts to reduce Colorado potato beetle populations selectively will not be offset by an according decline in abundance of natural enemies and therefore should be fully compatible with naturally occurring biological control.  相似文献   

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