西藏虎头兰高效植株再生体系的研究

为建立西藏虎头兰(Cymbidium tracyanum)的高效快速繁殖体系,该研究以野生西藏虎头兰种子为外植体,通过分析不同基本培养基和植物激素配比对原球茎诱导、增殖和分化的影响,以及光照时间和培养温度对试管苗生长的影响,筛选出适宜西藏虎头兰植株高效再生的条件。结果表明:适宜西藏虎头兰生长的基本培养基为1/2 MS;种子萌发和原球茎诱导的最适培养基为1/2 MS+1.0 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0. 5 mg·L~(-1)NAA,培养50 d后,有95.00%的种子发育成原球茎;原球茎增殖的最适培养基为1/2 MS+2.0 mg·L~(-1)NAA,培养30 d,增殖倍数为4.25;原球茎的最适分化培养基为1/2 MS+2.0 mg·L~(-1)NAA+60 g·L~(-1)土豆泥+0.5g·L~(-1)活性炭,培养10 d,不定芽发生率为98.33%,培养40 d,幼苗生根率为94.67%;试管苗在温度20℃、光照时间12 h·d~(-1)、光照强度2 000 lx的条件下培养,苗长势好,叶片生理性焦尖发生率仅为3.33%;以腐殖土作为栽培基质,试管苗的移栽成活率为97.78%。该研究结果为保护西藏虎头兰野生资源和工厂化育苗提供了科学依据和技术支持。     

大花蕙兰高频再生体系的研究

以大花蕙兰无菌苗假球茎为材料诱导丛生芽。适宜诱导的培养基为MS 6.4g·L~(-1)琼脂 0.5%活性炭 2.0mg·L~(-1)6- BA 0.1mg·L~(-1)NAA 30g·L~(-1)蔗糖。其芽长至2～3cm时,转入生根培养基,适宜的生根培养基为MS 6.4g·L~(-1)琼脂 0.2mg·L~(-1)6-BA 0.5mg·L~(-1)NAA 0.5mg·L~(-1)生根粉(ABT),生根率为100%。根长2～4cm时炼苗移栽,成活率可达95%。     

叶下珠组培快繁体系研究

以叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria带节茎段为外植体,研究生长调节剂浓度、培养基对茎段诱导芽的影响,再以叶下珠无菌芽为材料,开展丛生芽增殖培养、生根培养和炼苗移栽技术研究。结果表明,适合叶下珠茎段诱导芽的培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+琼脂7.5 g·L~(-1)+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)+活性炭0.5 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8~6.0),诱导率达100%;适合叶下珠芽增殖的培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+琼脂7.5 g·L~(-1)+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8~6.0),平均增殖倍数为3.8;生根适宜培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)+琼脂7.5 g·L~(-1)+蔗糖20 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8~6.0),生根率达100%;最佳炼苗时间为闭盖2 d后开盖3 d,移栽成活率86.6%。     

褐纹报春苣苔组织培养与快速繁殖

褐纹报春苣苔(Primulina glandaceistriata)是一种极具观赏价值的喀斯特地区野生花卉,目前尚未有褐纹报春苣苔组培快繁的研究报道。该研究以褐纹报春苣苔的叶片为外植体,通过两种途径建立其组培快繁体系。结果表明:适宜的不定芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.10 mg·L~(-1),适宜的不定芽增殖培养基为MS+ZT 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.10 mg·L~(-1)+活性炭0.05 g·L~(-1),增殖系数为11.09;适宜的愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+TDZ 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.10 mg·L~(-1),适宜的愈伤组织分化培养基为MS+ZT 1.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.10mg·L~(-1),分化系数为12.46;适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.1 mg·L~(-1)+活性炭0.05 g·L~(-1)或1/2MS+IBA0.5 mg·L~(-1)+活性炭0.05 g·L~(-1),生根率为100%。该研究结果成功建立了褐纹报春苣苔的组培快繁体系,为今后褐纹报春苣苔的种苗繁殖和遗传转化提供了技术支持。     

新塔花的组织培养与快速繁殖

以新疆特有药用植物新塔花(Ziziphora bungeana Juz.)幼嫩茎段为外植体材料,筛选初代培养、继代增殖与生根培养的条件,建立了新塔花组织培养与快速繁殖体系。结果表明:新塔花种子最适萌发培养基为MS+0.25 mg·L~(-1) NAA,萌发率达57.78%;茎段诱导腋芽最适培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1) NAA,诱导率为90.47%;适宜芽增殖培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1 )6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1) NAA+0.3 mg·L~(-1) GA_3+35 g·L~(-1)蔗糖,20 d增殖系数达1.95;最佳诱导根生长培养基为1/2MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1) NAA+0.2%AC,生根率达60%,平均生根数为3.5,20 d株高达4.5 cm。移栽至混合基质(营养土:珍珠岩:蛭石=1:1:1)中,组培苗成活率为80.45%。     

见血封喉的组织培养

1植物名称见血封喉[Antiaris toxicaria(Pers.) Lesch.],又名箭毒木、加独。2材料类型枝条。3培养条件以MS为基本培养基。(1)芽诱导培养基:MS 6-BA 2.5 mg·L~(-1)(单位下同) NAA 0.5 3%蔗糖;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 3.0 KT 1.0 NAA 0.5 3%蔗糖;(3)生根培养基:I/2MS NAA 1.0 0.2 g·L~(-1)活性炭 3%蔗糖。以上培养基均加入8 mg·L~(-1)卡拉胶,pH 5.8～6.2。培养温度25～28     

杂种落叶松(兴10×日13)再生体系的建立及优化

以杂种落叶松(兴10×日13)成熟合子胚为外植体,通过不同培养基与激素的组合进行实验,最终形成完整落叶松植株,根据试验结果建立并优化了杂种落叶松成熟合子胚诱导植株再生的体系。结果表明:BM培养基有利于杂种落叶松不定芽的诱导,诱导率达60.7%,且在BM+1.5 mg·L~(-1)TDZ条件下诱导率最高且为67.73%;BM培养基能促进不定芽增殖,增殖系数达4.48,且在BM+1.0 mg·L~(-1)TDZ条件下增殖系数最高且为5.23;不定芽在1/2BM+0.5 mg·L~(-1)TDZ伸长比率最高且为205.72%,同时,在1/2BM培养基中添加2 g·L~(-1)的活性炭也能促进伸长;当不定芽在BM+0.05 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.2 mg·L~(-1)NAA的条件下培养时,抽茎率最高,为73.96%;不定芽在1/2BM+0.5 mg·L~(-1)IBA+1.0 mg·L~(-1)NAA条件下诱导生根的生根率最高,为29.85%。     

血叶兰的组织培养和快速繁殖

1 植物名称 血叶兰(Ludisia discolor),又名石上藕、小叶石蚕。2 材料类别 顶芽和带节的嫩茎段。3 培养条件 (1)诱导类原球茎的培养基:MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L~(-1) (单位下同)+NAA 0.2;(2)类原球茎增殖的液体培养基:1/2MS+6-BA 1.0+NAA 0.3+椰乳200 mL·L~(-1);(3)类原球茎的分化培养基:MS+6-BA 1.0+IAA 0.3十椰乳 200 mL·     

轮叶党参的组织培养及植株再生研究

以轮叶党参为材料,研究了不同外植体、激素组合、培养基及光照条件对愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响.结果表明,叶片是轮叶党参组织培养较为合适的外植体.外植体在添加0.5 mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1) KT的MS培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高可达100%;愈伤组织转移到附加0.75 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1) NAA的MS培养基进行继代培养,增殖后的愈伤组织转移到附加0.5 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.2 mg·L~(-1) NAA的1/2MS分化培养基进行分化,其分化率达89.4%;将分化出的芽转接到附加0.2 mg·L~(-1) IAA+0.2 mg·L~(-1) NAA的1/2MS培养基,生根率达92.5%.暗培养诱导出愈伤组织后转到16 h·d~(-1)光照条件下,愈伤组织增殖倍数和分化率显著提高,再生苗健壮,长势强.     

文山百合的离体培养及其试管籽球快速繁殖

1植物名称文山百合(Lilium wenshanense L.J.Peng et F.X.Li)。2材料类别种球鳞片。3培养条件(1)诱导及增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)(单位下同) NAA 0.5 白糖30 g·L~(-1);(2)结球培养基:MS NAA 0.1 白糖60 g·L~(-1) 活性炭300 mg·L~(-1)。以上培养基均附加琼脂5.5 g·L~(-1),pH 5.8。培养室温度为24～26℃。诱导和增殖培养时光照10h·d~(-1),光照强度30～40μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1);结球培养时全黑暗。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.