植被指数的地形效应研究进展

植被指数是定性、定量评估绿色植被的关键指标,已经广泛应用于地表植被的监测.森林多分布在地形复杂山区,利用植被指数进行森林植被信息反演时地形对其影响较大.本文从几何光学模型原理分析了冠层反射率的地形效应,分析比较完全比值型植被指数(简单比值植被指数SR、归一化植被指数NDVI和湿度调整植被指数MAVI)、非完全比值型植被指数(增强型植被指数EVI和土壤调整植被指数SAVI)、非比值型植被指数(减化比值植被指数RSR、修正归一化植被指数MNDVI和绿度植被指数GVI),以及地形调节植被指数TAVI对地形的响应,试图为复杂地形山区选取植被指数提供参考.最后分析了植被指数地形效应研究的不足并对未来发展进行展望.     

基于多角度植被指数的马尾松林LAI反演方法

CHRIS/PROBA是目前具有最高空间分辨率（17 m×17 m）的星载多角度高光谱数据,该款数据在反演植被垂直结构参数,如树高、叶面积指数（leaf area index,LAI）等方面具有重要的应用前景。基于四尺度几何光学模型得到马尾松（Pinus massoniana Lamb.）冠层的归一化差分植被指数（normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI）各向异性分布规律,利用CHRIS红光特征波段和近红外特征波段构建一种新型多角度植被指数（normalized hotspot-dark-spot difference vegetation index,NHDVI）,并将其应用于CHRIS数据对马尾松林的LAI遥感估算上。结果显示：（1）相比归一化差分植被指数（NDVI）与土壤调节植被指数（soil adjusted vegetation index,SAVI）而言,NHDVI能很好地融合光谱信息与角度信息,与地面实测LAI的决定系数达到0.7278;（2）利用NHDVI-LAI统计回归模型方法来反演LAI值,将得到的LAI值与地面实测值进行相关性分析,结果拟合优度达到0.8272,均方根误差RMSE为0.1232。与传统植被指数相比,包含角度信息的多角度植被指数对LAI的反演在精度上有较大提升,同时比基于辐射传输模型的反演方法更简易、实用。     

不同大气校正方法对森林叶面积指数遥感估算影响的比较

利用TM原始图像以及经过6S模型和基于影像自身的Gilabert模型大气校正后的地面绝对反射率图像,分别计算了褒河流域阔叶林和针阔混交林2种林型的5类光谱植被指数(SR、NDVI、MNDVI、ARVI和RSR),并建立各林型森林叶面积指数与同时相的各个植被指数的相关关系。结果表明,2种大气校正模型均显著提高了各植被指数与森林叶面积指数的相关关系,除了对森林叶面积指数与植被指数SR和NDVI的相关关系影响不显著外,对森林叶面积指数与植被指数MNDVI、ARVI和RSR相关关系的影响均非常显著。说明不同大气校正模型对叶面积指数的遥感估算结果有较大影响。因此,在利用遥感数据进行定量分析、信息提取和生态遥感应用时,不仅要进行大气校正,而且还要慎重选择大气校正模型和植被指数。     

祁连山区青海云杉林冠层叶面积指数的反演方法

叶面积指数(Leaf area index, LAI)是陆地生态系统的一个十分重要的结构参数。随着空间精细化模型的发展和基于过程的分布式模拟技术的应用, 对LAI的区域估算显得越来越重要, 但目前尚缺乏有效的估算手段。该项研究以青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林为研究对象, 利用LAI-2000冠层分析仪、鱼眼镜头法和经验公式法对林冠层LAI进行了测定, 观测值分别为1.03~3.70、0.48~2.26和2.27~8.20, 显然, 仪器测定值偏低。针对针叶的集聚效应导致仪器测定值偏低的现象, 利用跟踪辐射与冠层结构测量仪(TRAC)测定的青海云杉林聚集系数计算调整系数, 对鱼眼镜头法获取的LAI值进行订正。根据高分辨率的遥感数据反演青海云杉林的植被指数与LAI的关系, 最后获得了较合理的该地区林冠层LAI的空间分布图。     

Exploring the influence of soil types underneath the canopy in winter wheat leaf area index remote estimating

Aims Remote sensing is an effective and nondestructive way to retrieve leaf area index (LAI) from plot, regional and global range. Soil background is one of the confounding factors limiting remotely estimating LAI. And soil type contains a large proportion of soil background information, which can influence the optical properties of vegetation canopy and soil. However, our knowledge on the effects stemmed from soil types underneath the canopy on LAI remote estimating have been in shortage. Thus, this study aims to explore the influences of soil types underneath the canopy on winter wheat LAI remote estimating. Methods We analyzed the sensitivity variation of eight spectral indices, named normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index 2 (MCARI₂), red edge inflection point (REIP), red edge amplitude (Dr), red edge area (SDr), red edge symmetry (RES), normalized difference spectral index (NDSI), to LAI in different soil types, and then we identified some spectral intervals or parameters that were insensitive to soil type variations underneath the canopy. We also compared the accuracy of two commonly used regression models, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and random forest regression (RFR), in estimating LAI for different soil types. We also explored the problems arising from applying the regression model developed in single soil type area to complex soil types area in retrieving LAI. Important findings This paper demonstrates the effects of soil types underneath the canopy on LAI retrieving. 1) The sensitivity of spectral indices to LAI is significantly different due to the soil type variation, but REIP has the least effects from soil type variation among the eight spectral indices. Meanwhile, the band selection algorithm of lambda-by-lambda not only chooses the most sensitive spectral interval for LAI, but also provides a feasible way to construct the spectral index that exhibits strong resistances to the effects of soil types underneath the canopy. 2) The accuracy of LAI estimation by regression models differs under soil type considered or not. So we suggest that in small scale researches, especially in a field scale, the ability of regression models in explaining variables is the priority consideration, while the PLSR is superior to RFR in this respect. Under the premise of unknown priori knowledge of land surfaces, the RFR is more suitable for retrieving LAI than PLSR, but land surface priori knowledge is still necessary. These findings provide the theoretical basis and methods for developing remotely sensing estimating LAI models adapted to various land surfaces. Further analysis is needed in applying the findings in more crop types, cultivars and growth stages.     

不同水氮条件下水稻冠层反射光谱与植株含水率的定量关系

研究了不同土壤水氮条件下水稻 (Oryzasativa) 冠层光谱反射特征和植株水分状况的量化关系。结果表明, 水稻冠层近红外光谱反射率随土壤含水量的降低而降低, 短波红外光谱反射率随土壤含水量的降低而升高。相同土壤水分条件下, 高氮水稻的冠层含水率高于低氮水稻的冠层含水率 ;同一水分条件下, 高氮处理的可见光区和短波红外波段光谱反射率低于低氮处理, 近红外波段光谱反射率高于低氮处理。发现拔节后比值植被指数 (R810 /R460 ) 与水稻叶片含水率和植株含水率呈极显著的线性相关, 模型的检验误差 (RootmeansquareError, RMSE) 分别为 0.93和 1.5 0。表明比值植被指数R810 /R460 可以较好地监测不同生育期水稻叶片和植株含水率。     

利用水稻冠层光谱特征诊断土壤氮素营养状况

系统测定了不同秸秆还田和氮肥处理下水稻(Oryza sativa)关键生育期的冠层反射光谱及土壤速效氮含量,并对两者之间的关系进行了详尽的分析。结果表明: 土壤速效氮含量在整个水稻生育期内均与可见光波段反射率呈负相关,与近红外波段反射率呈正相关。归一化及比值植被指数与土壤速效氮含量有更好的相关性,分蘖期要优于其它生育时期,以870、1 220 nm波段与560和710 nm波段的组合最佳,但两者的关系易受土壤等背景的干扰。而转换型土壤调节植被指数TSAVI能较好地消除分蘖期土壤背景的影响,两生态点可用统一的方程来拟合,用该研究中所筛选出的最佳波段组合计算出的TSAVI的表现更好,尤其是870 nm波段和710 nm波段的组合,决定系数(R²)由0.46提高到0.60。抽穗期和灌浆期由1 220和760 nm计算的比值指数R(1 220, 760)和新土壤调节植被指数SAVI(1 220,760)与土壤速效氮含量的关系则不受生态点的影响,可用统一回归方程来拟合。这说明水稻冠层反射光谱可以用来评价稻田土壤肥力状况,但仍需进一步研究。     

Spectral vegetation indices as the indicator of canopy photosynthetic productivity in a deciduous broadleaf forest

Aims Understanding of the ecophysiological dynamics of forest canopy photosynthesis and its spatial and temporal scaling is crucial for revealing ecological response to climate change. Combined observations and analyses of plant ecophysiology and optical remote sensing would enable us to achieve these studies. In order to examine the utility of spectral vegetation indices (VIs) for assessing ecosystem-level photosynthesis, we investigated the relationships between canopy-scale photosynthetic productivity and canopy spectral reflectance over seasons for 5 years in a cool, temperate deciduous broadleaf forest at 'Takayama' super site in central Japan.Methods Daily photosynthetic capacity was assessed by in situ canopy leaf area index (LAI), (LAI × V cmax [single-leaf photosynthetic capacity]), and the daily maximum rate of gross primary production (GPP max) was estimated by an ecosystem carbon cycle model. We examined five VIs: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), green–red vegetation index (GRVI), chlorophyll index (CI) and canopy chlorophyll index (CCI), which were obtained by the in situ measurements of canopy spectral reflectance.Important findings Our in situ observation of leaf and canopy characteristics, which were analyzed by an ecosystem carbon cycling model, revealed that their phenological changes are responsible for seasonal and interannual variations in canopy photosynthesis. Significant correlations were found between the five VIs and canopy photosynthetic capacity over the seasons and years; four of the VIs showed hysteresis-type relationships and only CCI showed rather linear relationship. Among the VIs examined, we applied EVI–GPP max relationship to EVI data obtained by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to estimate the temporal and spatial variation in GPP max over central Japan. Our findings would improve the accuracy of satellite-based estimate of forest photosynthetic productivity in fine spatial and temporal resolutions, which are necessary for detecting any response of terrestrial ecosystem to meteorological fluctuations.     

帽儿山地区森林冠层叶面积指数的地面观测与遥感反演

叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是陆地生态系统最重要的结构参数之一,遥感和基于冠层孔隙率模型的光学仪器观测是快速获取LAI的有效方法,但由于植被叶片的聚集效应,这些方法通常只能获取有效叶面积指数(effective LAI,LAIe).本文以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场为研究区,利用LAI2000观测森林冠层LAIe,并结合TRAC观测的叶片聚集度系数估算了森林冠层LAI,并通过分析基于Landsat5-TM数据计算的不同植被指数与LAIe之间的关系,建立了该区森林LAI遥感估算模型.结果表明:研究区阔叶林的LAI和LAIe基本相当,而针叶林的LAI比LAIe大27%;减化比值植被指数(reduced simple ratio,RSR)与该区LAIe的相关性最好(R2=0.763,n=23),最适合该区LAI的遥感提取.当海拔<400 m时,LAI随海拔高度的上升而快速增大;当海拔在400～750 m时,LAI随海拔高度的上升缓慢增大;当海拔>750 m时,LAI呈下降趋势.研究区森林冠层LAI与森林地上生物量存在显著的正相关关系.     

Developing and validating novel hyperspectral indices for leaf area index estimation: Effect of canopy vertical heterogeneity

Leaf area index (LAI) is one of the key biophysical parameters for understanding land surface photosynthesis, transpiration, and energy balance processes. Estimation of LAI from remote sensing data has been a premier method for a large scale in recent years. Recent studies have revealed that the within-canopy vertical variations in LAI and biochemical properties greatly affect canopy reflectance and significantly complicate the retrieval of LAI inversely from reflectance based vegetation indices, which has yet been explicitly addressed. In this study, we have used both simulated datasets (dataset I with constant vertical profiles of LAI and biochemical properties, dataset II with varied vertical profile of LAI but constant vertical biochemical properties, and dataset III with both varied vertical profiles) generated from the multiple-layer canopy radiative transfer model (MRTM) and a ground-measured dataset to identify robust spectral indices that are insensitive to such within canopy vertical variations for LAI prediction. The results clearly indicated that published indices such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) had obvious discrepancies when applied to canopies with different vertical variations, while the new indices identified in this study performed much better. The best index for estimating canopy LAI under various conditions was D(920,1080), with overall RMSEs of 0.62–0.96 m²/m² and biases of 0.42–0.55 m²/m² for all three simulated datasets and an RMSE of 1.22 m²/m² with the field-measured dataset, although it was not the most conservative one among all new indices identified. This index responded mostly to the quantity of LAI but was insensitive to within-canopy variations, allowing it to aid the retrieval LAI from remote sensing data without prior information of within-canopy vertical variations of LAI and biochemical properties.     

小麦叶面积指数与冠层反射光谱的定量关系

在分析不同氮素水平下小麦叶面积指数（LAI）和冠层光谱反射率随生育期变化模式的基础上,确立了LAI与冠层光谱反射率及光谱参数的相关关系,提出了小麦LAI的敏感光谱参数及预测方程.结果表明,小麦LAI和近红外短波段（760～1 220 nm）反射率都随施氮量的增加呈上升趋势,可见光波段反射率则相反;从拔节期到成熟期,LAI和近红外短波段反射率均表现为先上升后下降的趋势,而可见光波段（460～710 nm）反射率随生育期的推进先降低后升高,以孕穗期反射率最低,近红外长波段区域（1 480～1 650 nm）反射率的变化与可见光部分相同.LAI与可见光波段反射率呈负相关,与近红外短波段反射率呈极显著正相关,其中以810 nm相关性最好.可以选择RVI(810,510)和DVI(810,560)作为反演小麦LAI的光谱参数.另外,在证明垂直植被指数PVI和转换型土壤调整指数TSAVI对LAI预测能力的同时,发现利用RVI(810,510)、DVI(810,560)和PVI 3个植被指数共同推算小麦LAI的准确度更高.     

Estimation of leaf area index and canopy openness in broad-leaved forest using an airborne laser scanner in comparison with high-resolution near-infrared digital photography

We estimated leaf area index (LAI) and canopy openness of broad-leaved forest using discrete return and small-footprint airborne laser scanner (ALS) data. We tested four ALS variables, including two newly proposed ones, using three echo types (first, last, and only) and three classes (ground, vegetation, and upper vegetation), and compared the accuracy by means of correlation and regression analysis with seven conventional vegetation indices derived from simultaneously acquired high-resolution near-infrared digital photographs. Among the ALS variables, the ratio of the “only-and-ground” pulse to “only” pulse (OGF) was the best estimator of both LAI (adjusted R ² = 0.797) and canopy openness (adjusted R ² = 0.832), followed by the ratio of the pulses that reached the ground to projected lasers (GF). Among the vegetation indices, the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) was the best estimator of both LAI (adjusted R ² = 0.791) and canopy openness (adjusted R ² = 0.764). Resampling analysis on ALS data to examine whether the estimation of LAI and canopy openness was possible with lower point densities revealed that GF maintained a high adjusted R ² until a fairly low density of about 0.226 points/m², while OGF performed marginally when the point density was reduced to about 1 point/m², the standard density of high-density products on the market as of February 2008. Consequently, the ALS variables proposed in the present study, GF and OGF, seemed to have great potential to estimate LAI and canopy openness of broad-leaved forest, with accuracy comparable to NDVI, from high-resolution near-infrared imagery.     

光谱植被指数与水稻叶面积指数相关性的研究

 综合分析比较了几种常见光谱植被指数与水稻（Oryza sativa）叶面积指数的相关性及其预测力。结果表明,植被指数的预测力在水稻营养生长旺盛期间最好。植被指数的预测力主要依赖于叶面积指数(LAI)的整体变化范围。因此,综合不同生育时期和氮肥处理的试验资料,光谱植被指数能准确地预测LAI的变化。LAI与各植被指数均呈曲线相关,与比值植被指数(RVI)、再归一化植被指数(RDVI)和R810/R560显著幂相关,与归一化植被指数(NDVI)、垂直植被指数(PVI)、差值植被指数(DVI)、土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)和转换型土壤调整指数(TSAVI)显著指数相关。其中,近红外与绿光波段的比值R810/R560的预测力最佳。用不同移栽秧龄、不同密度、不同水分和氮肥处理的数据对R810/R560的表现进行了检验,结果表明估算精度平均为91.22%,估计的均方差根(RMSE)平均为0.480　5,平均相对误差为-0.013。表明宽波段光谱植被指数可以准确地用来监测水稻叶面积指数。     

植被叶片及冠层层次含水量估算模型的建立

利用LOPEX'93数据库中7个鲜叶片含水量(Cw)和光谱反射率实测数据,基于光谱指数法,在叶片层次,用47个随机样本建立Cw与不同光谱指数的统计模型,并用另外20个样本验证.结果表明,Cw的两种表征形式相对含水量FMC和等价水深EWT在提取叶片Cw时差异较大,EWT与各光谱指数的相关性较FMC高,但FMC对叶片Cw的反演精度高于EWT.而反演精度更高的是基于最优子集回归建立的光谱指数线性模型.Ratio₉₇₅是叶片层次提取Cw的普适光谱指数.冠层层次,利用PROSPECT+SAILH耦合模型,模拟在不同叶面积指数LAI和Cw下的冠层光谱.为了剔除背景影响,更好地提取冠层Cw,提出用近红外和短波红外波段反射率构造土壤可调节水分指数(SAWI),该指数与其他光谱指数的比值能明显地剔除土壤背景影响,更准确地提取冠层Cw.Ratio₉₇₅的改进型光谱指数(Ratio₉₇₅-0.9)/(SAWI+0.2)能用来提取叶面积指数LAI从0.3到8.0,Cw从0.0001cm到0.07cm的冠层Cw,研究表明精度较高.     

基于MODIS时间序列反射率数据的雷竹林LAI反演

本文以雷竹林为研究对象,基于MODIS地表反射率数据构建了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、比值植被指数(SR)、Gitelson绿色植被指数(GI)、增强型植被指数(EVI)和土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)5种植被指数,并将其与MODIS 7个波段原始反射率数据作为遥感变量,采用逐步回归和相关分析两种方法进行变量筛选,结合LAI实测数据构建了逐步回归和BP神经网络两种模型,对雷竹林生态系统观测站点2014年1月-2017年3月LAI时间系列数据进行反演,并将反演结果与同时期MOD15A2 LAI产品进行对比分析.结果表明: SR为唯一入选逐步回归模型的变量;b₁、b₂、b₃和b₇以及5种植被指数与LAI之间的相关性均达到显著水平,可作为BP神经网络模型的输入变量.使用BP神经网络反演得到的LAI与实测LAI之间的相关性显著,R²为0.71,RMSE为0.34,RMSE_r为13.6%,其R²比逐步回归模型提高了10.9%,RMSE降低了5.6%,RMSE_r降低了12.3%,与MODIS LAI相比,其R²提高了54.5%,RMSE降低了79.3%,RMSE_r降低了79.1%.结合MODIS时间序列反射率和BP神经网络模型能够精确地反演雷竹林LAI,为实现基于遥感技术快速监测区域雷竹林LAI提供可行的方法.     

Diverse Optical and Photosynthetic Properties in a Neotropical Dry Forest during the Dry Season: Implications for Remote Estimation of Photosynthesis1

Using optical and photosynthetic assays from a canopy access crane, we examined the photosynthetic performance of tropical dry forest canopies during the dry season in Parque Metropolitano, Panama City, Panama. Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and three indices derived from spectral reflectance (the normalized difference vegetation index, the simple ratio, and the photochemical reflectance index) were used as indicators of structural and physiological components of photosynthetic activity. Considerable interspecific variation was evident in structural and physiological behavior in this forest stand, which included varying degrees of foliage loss, altered leaf orientation, stomatal closure, and photosystem II downregulation. The normalized difference vegetation index and the simple ratio were closely related to canopy structure and absorbed radiation for most species, but failed to capture the widely divergent photosynthetic behavior among evergreen species exhibiting various degrees of downregulation. The photochemical reflectance index and chlorophyll fluorescence were related indicators of photosynthetic downregulation, which was not detectable with the normalized difference vegetation index or simple ratio. These results suggest that remote sensing methods that ignore downregulation cannot capture within‐stand variability in actual carbon flux for this diverse forest type. Instead, these findings support a sampling approach that derives photosynthetic fluxes from a consideration of both canopy light absorption (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index) and photosynthetic light‐use efficiency (e.g., photochemical reflectance index). Such sampling should improve our understanding of controls on photosynthetic carbon uptake in diverse tropical forest stands.     

林地叶面积指数遥感估算方法适用分析

叶面积指数是与森林冠层能量和CO2交换密切相关的一个重要植被结构参数,为了探讨估算林地叶面积指数LAI的遥感适用方法和提高精度的途径,利用TRAC仪器测定北京城区森林样地的LAI,从Landsat TM遥感图像计算NDVI、SR、RSR、SAVI植被指数,分别建立估算LAI的单植被指数统计模型、多植被指数组合的改进BP神经网络,获取最有效描述LAI与植被指数非线性关系的方法并应用到TM图像估算北京城区LAI。结果表明,单植被指数非线性统计模型估算LAI的精度高于线性统计模型;多植被指数组合神经网络中,以NDVI、RSR、SAVI组合估算LAI的精度最高,估算值与观测值线性回归方程的R2最高,为0.827,而RMSE最低,为0.189,神经网络解决了多植被指数组合统计模型非线性回归方程的系数较多、较难确定的问题,可较为有效的应用于遥感图像林地LAI的估算。     

基于PROSAIL辐射传输模型的毛竹林分冠层反射率模拟研究

冠层光谱反射率直接关系到毛竹（Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel）林冠层参数的反演,对毛竹林地土壤肥力间接估测具有重要意义。以PROSPECT5、PROSAIL模型为基础,从叶片尺度和冠层尺度分析模型参数对叶片和冠层反射率的影响,构建毛竹冠层叶面积指数（LAI）-冠层反射率查找表并通过代价函数选取最优冠层反射率,从而实现毛竹林分冠层反射率的准确模拟。结果表明,在叶片尺度,PROSPECT模型参数敏感性从高到低依次为叶肉结构参数（N） > 叶绿素含量（C_ab） > 等效水厚度（EWT） > 干物质含量（C_m） > 类胡萝卜素含量（C_ar）;在冠层尺度,PROSAIL模型参数敏感性从高到低依次为LAI > C_ab > EWT > C_m > N > C_ar > ALA（平均叶倾角）;叶片尺度反射率整体大于冠层尺度反射率;在400~900 nm波长范围内,PROSAIL模型模拟的冠层光谱反射率与实测光谱反射率拟合效果较好,相对误差为6.71%。     

基于塔载辐射监测帽儿山落叶阔叶林

基于通量塔常规辐射测量的宽带植被指数(BVI)具有高时间分辨率的优点,有利于获得更详细的森林冠层叶面积指数(LAI)动态信息.本文以帽儿山通量观测站的温带落叶阔叶林为例,研究宽带归一化差值植被指数(NDVI_B)、宽带增强型植被指数(EVI_B)、近红外反射率与光合有效辐射反射率比值(SR_NP)和太阳辐射反射率与光合有效辐射反射率比值(SR_SP)4种BVI时间序列的控制因子及其滤波方法,并以凋落物收集法为参考,评估采用BVI估测冠层LAI的可行性.结果表明: Huemmrich、Wilson和Jenkins 3种方法计算的同一BVI值略有不同,但其季节变化趋势高度一致.BVI主要受太阳高度角和太阳高度角与坡度夹角的影响而呈现明显的日变化,太阳高度角与坡度夹角最大时刻(12:30)前后的BVI相对稳定.晴空指数可以作为BVI日值滤波的有效参数,不同时刻数据构成的日BVI时间序列的晴空指数阈值以及滤波后的有效数据率存在差异,应综合考虑平滑效果和有效数据率选择合适的时间点代表BVI日值.NDVI_B与凋落物收集法测定的LAI呈显著的线性关系,而EVI_B、SR_NP和SR_SP与LAI均呈显著的对数关系.因此,NDVI_B在表征冠层LAI季节动态和LAI外推中更为精确、方便.鉴于大部分森林碳水通量观测塔配备能量平衡观测系统,如果同时测定光合有效辐射反射率,即可实现冠层LAI长期连续联网监测.     

高光谱植被指数与水稻叶面积指数的定量关系

基于不同水稻品种、施氮水平和不同生育期下的大田试验,确立了水稻叶面积指数（LAI）与冠层光谱特征参数的定量关系.结果表明：水稻叶面积指数与部分高光谱植被指数存在良好的相关性,其中原始光谱组成的2波段差值指数（DI）形式相关性最好,其次为比值（RI）和归一化（NI）植被指数.相关最好的原始光谱植被指数是由近红外波段组成的差值指数DI(854,760),相关最好的一阶导数光谱植被指数是红光和近红外光组成的导数差值指数DI(D₆₇₆, D₇₇₈),但总体上导数光谱指数不如原始光谱指数与LAI关系密切.独立试验数据检验结果表明,以差值指数DI(854,760)为变量建立的水稻LAI监测模型具有较好的表现,可用于水稻LAI的估测.