Valbro : un nouveau site à vertébrés de l’Oligocène inférieur (MP 22) de France (Quercy). II – Oiseaux (Aves)

The bird remains from Valbro belong only to three taxa, Paraortyx lorteti, Archaeotrogon venustus, and A. zitteli. This association makes it possible to ascribe to this locality an early Oligocene age, reference-levels MP 22 or MP 23, which is in agreement with the age given by the mammals.     

Sinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria,?Octocorallia) re-examined

Sinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) is re-described. Sinularia leptoclados var. gonatodes Kolonko, 1926 is synonymized with Sinularia maxima Verseveldt, 1977. Two new species of Sinularia with digitiform lobules, leptoclados-type surface clubs and unbranched interior spindles, are described. An updated maximum likelihood tree of Sinularia species with leptoclados-type clubs (clade 5C) based on two mitochondrial genes (mtMutS, COI) and a nuclear gene (28S rDNA) is presented.     

作者索引(1990;Volume 6)

Ba ZhengfengB ian RulianCai PingCai YingnianCao YinxiangChell GengxinChen rlaozh:-Chenl一JuaiqingChen JiqiangChen JiqiuChen Ji、lzer,gChen JialiangChen JiaPei巴正丰卞如赚蔡平蔡英年曹银祥陈庚新陈颧珠陈槐卿陈季强陈吉球陈继生陈佳亮陈家佩Chen JieCI,en JunhuiChen LianbiChcn MingzlzeChen PeixiChen PinfangCI又en RendunChen ShiliangChen ShuzhiChen WanyingChen XiushengChe若1 YingmaoChen YizhangChel飞y、zhuaiChen ZhcnxingChen ZhengyuChen Zht!huaCheng HaiyunCheng JiataiChi Kuixia…     

作者索引(1993;Volume 9)

Ai Hongbing艾洪滨Ai Mingxian艾明仙An Gang安刚Bai Zhiquan柏志全Bao Yunhua鲍云华Bi Yutian毕玉田Cai Yan蔡淡Cai Yingnian蔡英年Cai Yingyun蔡映云Cao Hong列曹宏宇Cao Yinxiang一曹银祥Cao zhaofeng曹兆丰Cao zhenwu曹祯吾Chang Zhijie常志杰cho Gang陈刚Chen Jisheng陈继生Chen Jiajin陈家津Chen JiaPei陈家佩Chen Jianguo陈建国Chen Jiankang陈健康Chen Jie陈杰Chen Junpao陈俊抛Chen Limin陈丽敏Chen Long陈龙Chen Peixi陈培熹Chen Rendun陈仁博Chen Rongsan陈荣三Chen Shen郎i陈生弟Chen Xiaoling陈晓玲Che…     

Hydrogen peroxide (H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) down regulate caveolin expression in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs)

Oxidative stimulation induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) was performed to observe the effects on cell viability and caveolin expression, and cholesterol depletion in HLECs caused by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) was also studied. SRA01/04 HLECs were exposed to H₂O₂ or MβDC of various concentrations and durations. We used a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to measure the effect of H₂O₂ on the viability of SRA01/04 HLECs. The distributions of caveolins after oxidative stimulation were probed by fluorescence microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Immunoblotting was performed to analyze alterations of caveolins expression. We observed that the viability of SRA01/04 HLECs under 0.1 mM H₂O₂ for 10 min or longer was significantly reduced (*p < 0.05, F = 11.63). Laser scanning microscopy showed immunofluorescent caveolins in SRA01/04 HLECs under 0.1 mM H₂O₂ for 10 min or longer; caveolins were largely confined to intracellular domains. Western blots showing both membrane and total caveolin protein (22 kDa) levels in SRA01/04 HLECs treated with 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min were significantly reduced, compared with the untreated (*p < 0.05, F = 6.149, or *p < 0.05, F = 14.489, respectively). In addition, the membrane and total caveolin protein level after being treated with 0.1 mM H₂O₂ (*p < 0.05, F = 6.843, or *p < 0.05, F = 7.944, respectively) for different durations also down regulated. Fluorescence microscopy also showed that phosphorylated caveolin-1 was distributed near the focal adhesions of the cells. This study concludes that the responses of HLECs to oxidative stress may include down regulation of caveolin and phosphorylation of caveolin-1 on tyrosine 14 and that MβCD also down regulates caveolin while depleting cholesterol in HLECs. Published in Russian in Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, 2007, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 994–1001. The article was submitted by the authors in English.     

遗传性平衡易位t(3; 22) (p21; q13）家系

本文报道一例t(3; 22) (p21; q13）平衡 相互易位的家系。先证者，男性，一岁半，淋巴 细胞及皮肤成纤维细胞G带分析结果：核型均 为46, XY, t(3; 22)(p21；q13）或46, XY,t(3; 22)(3gter” 3p21：：22813” 22gter；2 2 pter” 22gl3::3p21” 3 pter )；先证者母亲（图1）与 外祖母核型均为46, XX, t(3; 22)(p21; q13) 或46, XX, t(3; 22)(3gter、3p21：:22813一 22gter; 22pter～ 22813：:3p21一3pter)。经银 染与G带复合显示技术，先证者及母亲的22der 可见清晰的AgNOR区。先证者的父亲与舅父 G带分析核型正常。在此情况下，有生育正常 婴儿的可能，但必须作产前诊断。     

Carbon dioxide capture by planar (AlN)<Subscript>n</Subscript> clusters (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>=3–5)

Searching for materials and technologies of efficient CO₂ capture is of the utmost importance to reduce the CO₂ impact on the environment. Therefore, the (AlN)_n clusters (n = 3–5) are researched using density functional theoretical calculations. The results of the optimization show that the most stable structures of (AlN)_n clusters all display planar configurations at B3LYP and G3B3 methods, which are consistent with the reported results. For these planar clusters, we further systematically studied their interactions with carbon dioxide molecules to understand their adsorption behavior at the B3LYP/6–311+G(d,p) level, including geometric optimization, binding energy, bond index, and electrostatic. We found that the planar structures of (AlN)_n (n = 3–5) can capture 3–5 CO₂ molecules. The result indicates that (AlN)_n (n = 3–5) clusters binding with CO₂ is an exothermic process (the capture of every CO₂ molecule on (AlN)_n clusters releases at least 30 kcal mol^-1 in relative free energy values). These analysis results are expected to further motivate the applications of clusters to be efficient CO₂ capture materials.     

一例罕见的t(6;18) del(18)综合征

Gouw等于1973年首次报道了t(6;18)(p22;q12)病例。同年,Nakagme等也发现了t(6;18)(q27;q11)核型。迄今国外共发现至少9种关于t(6;18)核型。而国内尚未见公开报道。 作者从遗传咨询门诊病人中,检出一例至今未见报道过的t(6;18)del(18)综合征患者。现简要报告如下。     

罕见异位核型t(1;3),T(9;19)两例报告

TwoRareCasesofChromosomeTranslocationt(1;3)andt(9;19)WeiRongshangZhangHaiduanWangAiqinHeChunna(LaboratoryofGenetics,NanjingHospitaloftheAirForceofPLANanjing210002)例1男,28岁,结婚2年余,妻27岁,妊娠3次,第1胎孕5个月胎死宫内,第2胎7 月早产后夭折,第3胎5个     

Effects of Arsenic (III) and Chromium (VI) Toxicity on Digestive Enzymes’ Activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anabas testudineus</Emphasis> (Bloch)

Effects of two different concentrations of arsenic (8.88 mg/l and 17.76 mg/l i.e., 25 and 50% of LC₅₀ value) respectively and chromium (15.45 mg/l and 30.90 mg/l i.e., 25 and 50% of LC₅₀ value respectively) were evaluated on digestive enzymes of Anabas testudineus for a period of 30 days under laboratory condition. Here As1 and As2, and Cr1 and Cr2 were referred to indicate the 25 and 50% of LC₅₀ value of arsenic and chromium respectively. The result of different enzymes in different tissues was as follows: amylase and lipase activities showed highest in stomach, i.e., 466.81 and 283.33% respectively at 50% concentration of chromium; but moderate (272.78% at 25% of Cr and 264.65% at 50% of As) followed by lowest 219.07% at 25% As concentration. Protease activity at different concentrations of metals was in the order of As2 > As1 > Cr2 > Cr1. Protease activity showed highest in As2 or 50% concentration of As (397.92%) and lowest in 25% of Cr (316.39%). Lipase activity showed highest increment in intestine under As2 (409.23%) and lowest activity in Cr1 (137.84%). In intestine, the protease activity increased at As1 (288.99%) and the highest at As2 i.e., 367.39% compared to other concentrations. The significant changes (p > 0.05) in the enzyme activities in the different tissues like stomach and intestine in regard to different doses were investigated along with regression lines. So, it can be inferred that digestive enzyme activities of A. testudineus may be considered as the potential biomarkers for arsenic and chromium contamination in aquatic systems.     

Dinuclear versus mononuclear ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) complexes as potent mediators of glucose oxidase; crystal structure of [OsCl(4,4′-bpy)(bpy)<Subscript>2</Subscript>]BF<Subscript>4</Subscript>

New and known homo- and heterodinuclear Ru^II and Os^II complexes with 4,4-bipyridine (4,4-bpy), pyrazine, and 4-pyCH=CHpy-4 as bridging ligands (LL) of the type [Cl(bpy)₂M(LL)MCl(bpy)₂]X₂ (bpy=2,2-bipyridine; X=PF₆ or BF₄) have been studied in their capacity to exchange electrons with a reduced active site of glucose oxidase (GO) from Aspergillus niger. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the dimers in the aqueous buffered solution, when compared with CVs of the parent monomeric species [MCl(LL)(bpy)₂]BF₄ and [MCl₂(bpy)₂] which could be generated at pH7, if the dimers undergo monomerization, indicate that the dimers are the dominating species under such conditions. All electrochemically oxidized dinuclear complexes studied show high rates of oxidation of GO reduced by d-glucose and the corresponding observed second-order rate constants are in the range (5–64)×10⁵ M^–1 s^–1 at 25 °C. However, these values are lower than that for the mononuclear complex [OsCl(4,4-bpy)(bpy)₂]BF₄ (1.1×10⁷ M^–1 s^–1), suggesting that potentially two-electron dimeric mediators have no advantage compared with corresponding monomeric complexes of Ru^II and Os^II. The structure of [OsCl(4,4-bpy)(bpy)₂]BF₄ was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The monodentate 4,4-bpy ligand is coordinated cis to the chloride. Its higher reactivity toward reduced GO is accounted for in terms of the antenna effect of the monodentate 4,4-bpy ligand. The antenna length equals 9.2 Å and matches the depth of the enzyme active site pocket of ca. 10 Å. The mechanism of the antenna effect is discussed     

红景天提取物(Rhodioda rosea Extract)Salidroside;Rosavin

天津尖峰天然产物公司是一家专业从事天然植物提取、研究、开发、生产、销售的专业综合公司。目前是国内最大的葡萄籽提取物生产厂家 ,同时推出红景天提取物。红景天 (Rhodiola)系景天科红景天属植物 ,藏语称“苏罗玛布”。系草本或亚灌木植物 ,因其含花色素 ,根及根茎呈红色 ,浸液亦呈红色 ,又系景天科植物 ,故名红景天。红景天属植物大部分生长在海拔 35 0 0～ 5 0 0 0米的山地、冰川、山梁草地或山谷岩石上 ,广泛分布于中亚、东亚西伯利亚及北美地区 ,我国的红景天资源主要分布在东北、西北、华北及西南的一些地区。红景天产地用其作滋…     

作者索引 AUTHOR INDEX (1992;Volume 8)

勇羽陈陈 Ao Zhaohui Bai Yan Bian Shiehun Bu Fengrong Bu Guanghui Bu Haizhi Cai Qiqiang Cai Yingnian Cao Jimin Chai Huixia Chang Zhijie Chen Chuanrong Chen Guozhi Chen HuaweiChen JishengChen Jiajin Chen JunminChen ShaoyangChen ShuziChen SongsenChen WeiChen XiaoliangChen YongChen YuChen YuanluChen ZhixiongChen ZirongCheng LiyanCheng TongCheng YongChu YideCui RongqingCui WenyuDai BosongDeng XixianDing AishiDing GuifengDing HuDing JiangzhouDing ShifaDing TingkaiDing…     

Evolution of mixed-linkage (1 -> 3, 1 -> 4)-β-D-glucan (MLG) and xyloglucan in Equisetum (horsetails) and other monilophytes

Background and Aims

Horsetails (Equisetopsida) diverged from other extant eusporangiate monilophytes in the Upper Palaeozoic. They are the only monilophytes known to contain the hemicellulose mixed-linkage (1 → 3, 1 → 4)-β-d-glucan (MLG), whereas all land plants possess xyloglucan. It has been reported that changes in cell-wall chemistry often accompanied major evolutionary steps. We explored changes in hemicelluloses occurring during Equisetum evolution.

Methods

Hemicellulose from numerous monilophytes was treated with lichenase and xyloglucan endoglucanase. Lichenase digests MLG to di-, tri- and tetrasaccharide repeat-units, resolvable by thin-layer chromatography.

Key Results

Among monilophytes, MLG was confined to horsetails. Our analyses support a basal trichotomy of extant horsetails: MLG was more abundant in subgenus Equisetum than in subgenus Hippochaete, and uniquely the sister group E. bogotense yielded almost solely the tetrasaccharide repeat-unit (G4G4G3G). Other species also gave the disaccharide, whereas the trisaccharide was consistently very scarce. Tetrasaccharide : disaccharide ratios varied interspecifically, but with no consistent difference between subgenera. Xyloglucan was scarce in Psilotum and subgenus Equisetum, but abundant in subgenus Hippochaete and in the eusporangiate ferns Marattia and Angiopteris; leptosporangiate ferns varied widely. All monilophytes shared a core pattern of xyloglucan repeat-units, major XEG products co-chromatographing on thin-layer chromatography with non-fucosylated hepta-, octa- and nonasaccharides and fucose-containing nona- and decasaccharides.

Conclusions

G4G4G3G is the ancestral repeat-unit of horsetail MLG. Horsetail evolution was accompanied by quantitative and qualitative modification of MLG; variation within subgenus Hippochaete suggests that the structure and biosynthesis of MLG is evolutionarily plastic. Xyloglucan quantity correlates negatively with abundance of other hemicelluloses; but qualitatively, all monilophyte xyloglucans conform to a core pattern of repeat-unit sizes.     

Associations de kystes de dinoflagellés des séries du Jurassique supérieur (Oxfordien–Tithonien) du Rif externe (Prérif interne et Mésorif,Maroc) et comparaisons régionales

A biostratigraphic study of dinoflagellate cysts of the Upper Jurassic series from the eastern External Rif Chain, has been achieved for the first time on four outcrop sections : the DM section (Douar Marticha), the TB section (the Tarhchenna “Sof”), the KSD section (the Kef Mallou “Sof”) and the Y section (Douar Lamriene) among which three sections (TB, KSD and Y) are well-dated by ammonites and calpionellids fauna. The DM and TB sections are complementary in terms of stratigraphy and correspond respectively to the upper part of the “Ferrysch” Formation, a thick shaly–silty and sandy sequence assigned to the Callovian-Oxfordian stages and to the El Gouzat limestones Formation (Kimmeridgian - Lower Tithonian age) and to the Tarhchenna marly limestones Formation (Upper Tithonian age) from the EL Gouzat area (Mesorif). The KSD and Y sections are also complementary and correspond to the Kimmeridgian-Lower Tithonian Msila limestones Formation and to the overlying marly limestones Massif Formation of Upper Tithonian age, outcropping in the Msila region (Internal Prerif). These four sections have shown many dinocysts rich levels, which had allowed characterizing the Middle? and Upper Oxfordian substages in the DM section. In the other sections, the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages are nearly similar to those of the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian of many sections from the Boreal, Sub-boreal and North tethyan realms, particularily from England, Russia and South-East France basin. The results of the present work confirm once again, the important value of dinoflagellate cysts, for age dating of ammonites-lacking Mesozoic sedimentary sequences and for biostratigraphic correlations.     

Thermal effects in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) F1 embryos (farmed female × wild thermal-resistant male)

The aim of this work was to investigate the response of rainbow trout embryos (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (i.e., survival, size at hatching, time to hatching, malformations) to four incubation temperatures (5.8, 8.9, 14.0 and 16.8°C), taking into account the origin of the male parental genome and comparing pure farmed and F1 embryos (farmed female × wild thermal-resistant male). Several consequences of thermal stress were observed: lower accumulated thermal units (ATU) at hatching at high temperatures, and lower survival, shorter hatched free embryos and less-consumed yolk sac at extreme temperatures. The effect of the thermal-adapted male parental genome was shown only in the lower percentage of incompletely hatched free embryos in the F1 families. It appears that to obtain greater modification of thermal performance during early development, the adapted genome of the wild thermal-resistant population has to be included through maternal inheritance, thus producing a stabilized strain selected for domesticity, growth and thermal adaptation.