北京朝阳医院医疗联盟的发展与实践

习近平总书记提出供给侧结构性改革以来,卫生行业针对供给侧改革的研究和实践不断加强,进行了有益的探索。多种形式的医疗联盟是解决供给侧存在问题比较可行的途径,可以充分利用医疗资源,满足人民群众的就医需求。对北京朝阳医院医疗联盟建设实践进行了分析,并提出了进一步完善医疗联盟建设的建议。     

基于社会分工理论的分级诊疗服务体系研究

医疗卫生服务体系结构复杂，建立规划合理、分工明确的分级诊疗服务体系是保障医疗资源合理配置、提高医疗服务协调性和连续性的重要手段。通过探讨当前分级诊疗服务体系存在的问题，进而结合社会分工理论为形成适应我国国情的分级诊疗制度提出对策建议。     

基于电子文件的分级诊疗模式研究

目的 了解我国分级诊疗现状和业务流程，提出基于电子文件的分级诊疗服务模式。方法 采用描述分析法对当前分级诊疗业务及所产生的电子文件进行研究，结合电子文件的特性，探索分级诊疗服务模式。结果 从电子文件中心构建、双向转诊、远程医疗、慢性病管理等方面构建了基于电子文件的分级诊疗模式。结论 基于电子文件开展分级诊疗服务能优化现有的业务流程，为分级诊疗进程的不断推进提供信息化支撑。     

论深化

分级诊疗作为深化医药卫生体制改革的的产物,是实现有序就医的重要保证。目前实施分级诊疗还存在许多壁垒,必须在医药卫生体制改革过程中,通过解决医疗机构体制机制僵化、明确各级医疗机构的职责与权限、制定满足人民群众对医疗服务需求的区域卫生规划、完善政府对公共卫生服务的补偿机制和医疗保险相关政策等问题基础上逐渐达到医疗服务层级化。文章介绍了分级诊疗的理想模式,分析了分级诊疗的准备过程,提出了促进分级诊疗健康成长的对策。     

部分国家和地区分级诊疗特点及启示

通过剖析部分国家和地区分级诊疗的特点,即分级诊疗是医疗卫生服务体系健全的自然结果,分级诊疗的实质在于服务整合,合理的支付制度是分级诊疗的重要促进因素;提出以强基层、建机制的原则发展分级诊疗,将医疗机构分工合作、服务功能整合作为分级诊疗的重要路径,增强医保对医疗服务体系的影响力以促进分级诊疗等建议。     

德国分级诊疗实践和经验及对我国的启示

通过介绍德国医疗服务制度,总结并分析了德国分级诊疗的优势,并借鉴德国的经验,从构建新型分级诊疗体系、提升基层机构人员素质、规范医保报销和加大政府投入方面,提出我国构建分级诊疗服务体系的思路。

     

我国医疗卫生资源配置现状与政策建议

作为有限的公共资源之一的卫生资源,其配置状况直接影响卫生服务需求及利用,本文重点分析了影响医疗服务公平性和可及性相关的宏观背景、发展趋势和主要问题,提出战略建议如下：落实公立医疗机构改革,发挥示范作用;规范“互联网+医疗流程”模式,促进传统医疗资源共享,提高健康大数据利用效率;推进紧密型医疗集团发展,建立柔性的分级诊疗制度;构建全科医生生态区域和健康管理网络,实现资源下沉;试行第三方影像检验平台等新型服务模式,推进均质服务。     

台湾地区全民健保下分级诊疗制度之借鉴

借鉴我国台湾地区全民健保下分级诊疗制度,落实和完善现行分级诊疗制度以保证医疗资源的合理配置。利用文献分析,对比研究两岸不同卫生体制下分级诊疗制度实施现状,结合专家访谈的形式明确台湾分级诊疗制度的特点。通过建立短期医疗网计划、成立社区医疗群、改革医保补偿机制、构筑医联体等方式优化分级诊疗制度。     

探索医疗供给侧改革之路——从“互联网+”开始

中国医疗供给侧改革之路任重而道远,在当前逐步推进革新的医疗体制下,如何利用“互联网+”开启医疗供给侧改革之路,为国家13亿多人口的医疗问题提供有效的解决办法,是一项重要的改革课题。

     

从供给侧结构性改革视角看三级医院医疗资源下沉

面对区域医疗资源布局失衡、城乡医疗卫生资源配置不均衡的现状,我国部分地区开始落实推行三级医院医疗资源下沉,通过举例分析浙江、河南、福建医疗资源下沉的不同实践模式,从供给侧视角分析优质医疗资源下沉中存在的困境。建议大力推进供给侧结构改革,增加医疗资源的供给,加大政府财政对医疗资源的投入,并坚持市场机制在资源配置中的决定性作用;鼓励社会资本办医,增加供给的主体;鼓励执业医师多点执业缓解医疗人才供给的不足,促进医疗供给结构调整,促使医疗资源下沉。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan