Keywords: Rats; Cold; 6-hydroxydopamine; Interscapular brown adipose tissue; Uncoupling protein-1; Antioxidant enzymes; Monoamine oxidase 相似文献
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1.
《Journal of thermal biology》1999,24(5-6):433-437
The exposure to cold (6 h; 6°C) induced a significant decrease in both hypothalamic and brain stem CuZn-superoxide dismutase as well as an increase in Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in Wistar male rats, acclimated to 6±1°C as compared to those acclimated to 22±2°C. If the rats were administered with propranolol (15 mg/kg), which is a β-adrenoceptor blocker, there were no significant differences in the enzyme activities in any of the brain regions of the two groups studied. It was concluded that acute exposure to cold induces changes in the hypothalamic and brain stem antioxidant enzyme activities dependent on the previous acclimation to different ambient temperatures and propranolol administration. 相似文献
2.
Sinisa F. Djurasevic Gordana Cvijic Jelena Djordjevic Vukosava Davidovic 《Journal of thermal biology》2008,33(4):238-243
The interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) thermogenesis is accompanied with oxidative stress. In spite of the ability of rats to synthesize vitamin C, we tested the possibility that its additional intake may improve the tissue antioxidative protection. Thus, we studied the IBAT oxidative status in rats supplemented by two doses of ascorbic acid over a 4-week period of time.
Our results confirmed that the additional intake of ascorbate improves the tissue antioxidative defense. Probably acting through enhanced insulin release, vitamin C also exerted some metabolic effects, which emphasize its role in the regulation of IBAT functions under normal physiological conditions. 相似文献
3.
V. Davidovi&#x; N. Petrovi&#x; J. &#x;or&#x;evi&#x; S. &#x;ura&#x;evi&#x; G. Cviji&#x; 《Journal of thermal biology》2004,29(7-8):825-830
- 1. Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) content and activity of antioxidant enzymes, copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as that of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HDA)-treated rats at 22 °C or cold (4 °C, 4 h), were studied.
2. Results indicate that the intact sympathetic nerves (SN) are necessary for the maintenance of basal level of IBAT UCP-1 t and SODs, but not for MAO. They also suggest that in the regulation of IBAT UCP-1 content, in 6-HAD-treated rats exposed to cold, in which this was normalized, and other mechanisms rather than SN are involved.
4.
B. Buzadi&#x; A. Kora&#x; V. Petrovi&#x; B. Kora&#x; 《Journal of thermal biology》2004,29(7-8):503-507
- 1. Amount of glutathione (GSH) in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) of cold-adapted (5±1 °C), and 1, 3 and 7 days re-adapted (22±1 °C) rats were examined.
2. The higher amount of GSH was found in the IBAT of cold-adapted rats compared to control animals (22±1 °C).
3. After 1 and 7 days of re-adaptation, the level of GSH was still significantly higher compared to control group.
4. On the third day of re-adaptation, the quantity of GSH in the tissue was significantly lower compared to the cold-adapted group.
5. In cold-adapted animals, intensity of apoptosis in IBAT was lower, whereas in re-adapted animals (3rd and 7th day) it was higher than in control group.
6. This study indicates that GSH depletion is associated with an enhanced apoptosis in IBAT during re-adaptation.
Keywords: Apoptosis; Interscapular brown adipose tissue; Cold-adaptation; Re-adaptation; Glutathione 相似文献
5.
The mechanisms by which thyroid hormone accelerates energy expenditure are poorly understood. In the brown adipose tissue
(BAT), activation of thyroid hormone by type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) has been known to play a role in adaptive energy
expenditure during cold exposure in human newborns and other small mammals. Although BAT is not present in significant amounts
in normal adult humans, recent studies have found substantial amounts of D2 in skeletal muscle, a metabolically relevant tissue
in humans. This article reviews current biological knowledge about D2 and adaptive T3 production and their roles in energy
expenditure. 相似文献
6.
Leslie A. Rowland Naresh C. Bal Muthu Periasamy 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2015,90(4):1279-1297
Thermogenesis is one of the most important homeostatic mechanisms that evolved during vertebrate evolution. Despite its importance for the survival of the organism, the mechanistic details behind various thermogenic processes remain incompletely understood. Although heat production from muscle has long been recognized as a thermogenic mechanism, whether muscle can produce heat independently of contraction remains controversial. Studies in birds and mammals suggest that skeletal muscle can be an important site of non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) and can be recruited during cold adaptation, although unequivocal evidence is lacking. Much research on thermogenesis during the last two decades has been focused on brown adipose tissue (BAT). These studies clearly implicate BAT as an important site of NST in mammals, in particular in newborns and rodents. However, BAT is either absent, as in birds and pigs, or is only a minor component, as in adult large mammals including humans, bringing into question the BAT‐centric view of thermogenesis. This review focuses on the evolution and emergence of various thermogenic mechanisms in vertebrates from fish to man. A careful analysis of the existing data reveals that muscle was the earliest facultative thermogenic organ to emerge in vertebrates, long before the appearance of BAT in eutherian mammals. Additionally, these studies suggest that muscle‐based thermogenesis is the dominant mechanism of heat production in many species including birds, marsupials, and certain mammals where BAT‐mediated thermogenesis is absent or limited. We discuss the relevance of our recent findings showing that uncoupling of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) by sarcolipin (SLN), resulting in futile cycling and increased heat production, could be the basis for NST in skeletal muscle. The overall goal of this review is to highlight the role of skeletal muscle as a thermogenic organ and provide a balanced view of thermogenesis in vertebrates. 相似文献
7.
Alexey Tomilov Ahmed Bettaieb Kyoungmi Kim Sunil Sahdeo Natalia Tomilova Adam Lam Kevork Hagopian Michelle Connell Jennifer Fong Douglas Rowland Stephen Griffey Jon Ramsey Fawaz Haj Gino Cortopassi 《Aging cell》2014,13(6):1049-1058
Adipose tissue is an important metabolic organ that integrates a wide array of homeostatic processes and is crucial for whole‐body insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key thermogenic tissue with a well‐established role in energy expenditure. BAT dissipates energy and protects against both hypothermia and obesity. Thus, BAT stimulation therapy is a rational strategy for the looming pandemic of obesity, whose consequences and comorbidities have a huge impact on the aged. Shc‐deficient mice (ShcKO) were previously shown to be lean, insulin sensitive, and resistant to high‐fat diet and obesity. We investigated the contribution of BAT to this phenotype. Insulin‐dependent BAT glucose uptake was higher in ShcKO mice. Primary ShcKO BAT cells exhibited increased mitochondrial respiration; increased expression of several mitochondrial and lipid‐oxidative enzymes was observed in ShcKO BAT. Levels of brown fat‐specific markers of differentiation, UCP1, PRDM16, ELOVL3, and Cox8b, were higher in ShcKO BAT. In vitro, Shc knockdown in BAT cell line increased insulin sensitivity and metabolic activity. In vivo, pharmacological stimulation of ShcKO BAT resulted in higher energy expenditure. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of BAT abolished the improved metabolic parameters, that is the increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance of ShcKO mice. Similarly, in vitro Shc knockdown in BAT cell lines increased their expression of UCP1 and metabolic activity. These data suggest increased BAT activity significantly contributes to the improved metabolic phenotype of ShcKO mice. 相似文献
8.
9.
The effects ofE. coli endotoxin 0127 B8 on oxygen consumption, temperature, and on the activity of the proton conductance pathway in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were investigated in rats and mice. In rats an increase was observed in rectal and skin temperature, whole body oxygen consumption and GDP binding in BAT. In mice only the rise in rectal and skin temperature were significantly changed by endotoxin administration.These findings suggest that in some species BAT is involved in the production of endotoxin induced fever and increased energy expenditure. 相似文献
10.
Rats were exposed to cold and then reacclimated at neutral temperature. Changes related to fatty acid and glucose metabolism in brown and white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT) and in muscle were then examined. Of the many proteins involved in the metabolic response, two lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and ATP-citrate lyase, were found to play a pervasive role and studied in detail. Expression of the total and phosphorylated forms of both lipogenic enzymes in response to cold increased in BAT but decreased in WAT. Importantly, in BAT, only the phosphorylation of the ACC1 isoenzyme was enhanced, whereas that of ACC2 remained unchanged. The activities of these enzymes and the in vivo rate of FFA synthesis together suggested that WAT supplies BAT with FFA and glucose by decreasing its own synthetic activity. Furthermore, cold increased the glucose uptake of BAT by stimulating the expression of components of the insulin signaling cascade, as observed by the enhanced expression and phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3. In muscle, these changes were observed only during reacclimation, when serum insulin also increased. Such changes may be responsible for the extreme glycogen accumulation in the BAT of rats reacclimated from cold. 相似文献
11.
M. J. Dauncey D. L. Ingram 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1988,58(3):239-244
Influence of a cold (10 degrees C) or warm (35 degrees C) environment and a high or low level of energy intake on respiratory enzyme activities has been investigated in porcine skeletal muscle. Scanning microdensitometry was used to measure the reaction products from mitochondrial enzymes in individual slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibres. A cold environment was found to increase the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in both types of muscle fibre (P less than 0.001 for dark fibres, P less than 0.01 for light fibres) from young growing animals. Enzyme activity was also increased in animals on a low compared with a high energy intake (P less than 0.01) when living at 10 degrees C but not at 35 degrees C. Similar findings were obtained for NADH diaphorase and cytochrome oxidase aa3. The numbers of slow-twitch muscle fibres also increased after exposure to cold (P less than 0.01) and as a result of a low energy intake (P less than 0.01). These results are similar to those obtained in other species after exercise or as a result of peripheral arterial insufficiency. The extent to which they could be related to local tissue hypoxia or to changes in metabolic hormones is discussed. 相似文献
12.
WU LiZhen ZHOU LinKang CHEN Cheng GONG JingYi XU Li YE Jing LI De LI Peng 《中国科学：生命科学英文版》2014,57(1):107-116
Excess lipid storage in adipose tissue results in the development of obesity and other metabolic disorders including diabetes,fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases.The lipid droplet(LD)is an important subcellular organelle responsible for lipid storage.We previously observed that Fsp27,a member of the CIDE family proteins,is localized to LD-contact sites and promotes atypical LD fusion and growth.Cidea,a close homolog of Fsp27,is expressed at high levels in brown adipose tissue.However,the exact role of Cidea in promoting LD fusion and lipid storage in adipose tissue remains unknown.Here,we expressed Cidea in Fsp27-knockdown adipocytes and observed that Cidea has similar activity to Fsp27 in promoting lipid storage and LD fusion and growth.Next,we generated Cidea and Fsp27 double-deficient mice and observed that these animals had drastically reduced adipose tissue mass and a strong lean phenotype.In addition,Cidea/Fsp27 double-deficient mice had improved insulin sensitivity and were intolerant to cold.Furthermore,we observed that the brown and white adipose tissues of Cidea/Fsp27double-deficient mice had significantly reduced lipid storage and contained smaller LDs compared to those of Cidea or Fsp27single deficient mice.Overall,these data reveal an important role of Cidea in controlling lipid droplet fusion,lipid storage in brown and white adipose tissue,and the development of obesity. 相似文献
13.
Janine J. Geerling Mari?tte R. Boon Sander Kooijman Edwin T. Parlevliet Louis M. Havekes Johannes A. Romijn Illiana M. Meurs Patrick C. N. Rensen 《Journal of lipid research》2014,55(2):180-189
Important players in triglyceride (TG) metabolism include the liver (production), white adipose tissue (WAT) (storage), heart and skeletal muscle (combustion to generate ATP), and brown adipose tissue (BAT) (combustion toward heat), the collective action of which determine plasma TG levels. Interestingly, recent evidence points to a prominent role of the hypothalamus in TG metabolism through innervating the liver, WAT, and BAT mainly via sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Here, we review the recent findings in the area of sympathetic control of TG metabolism. Various neuronal populations, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing neurons and melanocortin-expressing neurons, as well as peripherally produced hormones (i.e., GLP-1, leptin, and insulin), modulate sympathetic outflow from the hypothalamus toward target organs and thereby influence peripheral TG metabolism. We conclude that sympathetic stimulation in general increases lipolysis in WAT, enhances VLDL-TG production by the liver, and increases the activity of BAT with respect to lipolysis of TG, followed by combustion of fatty acids toward heat. Moreover, the increased knowledge about the involvement of the neuroendocrine system in TG metabolism presented in this review offers new therapeutic options to fight hypertriglyceridemia by specifically modulating sympathetic nervous system outflow toward liver, BAT, or WAT. 相似文献
14.
Nigel J. Fuller Dorothy M. Stirling Stephen Dunnett Gavin P. Reynolds Margaret Ashwell 《Bioscience reports》1987,7(2):121-127
The effects of reducing brain serotonin (5-HT) levels by means of intracerebral-ventricular injections of the tryptophan antagonist p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) were investigated in male rats. Six days after the operation, PCPA-treated rats, either fedad libitum or pair-fed to the food intake of control rats, showed decreased thermogenic activity and capacity in their interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and also increased fat storage in their white adipose tissue (WAT). These results indicate that serotonergic synapses might play a regulatory role in the sympathetic control of BAT thermogenesis and in the rate of WAT deposition (by an as yet unidentified mechanism), in addition to their well established role in controlling food intake. 相似文献
15.
16.
Carlo Zancanaro Giuseppe Pelosi Cristina Accordini Giancarlo Balercia Laura Sbabo Saverio Cinti 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》1994,80(1):75-78
The expression of the uncoupling protein (UCP), a protein unique to brown adipocyte mitochondria, was studied in sections of a human hibernoma by means of immunohistochemistry. Multilocular, but not unilocular, adipocytes expressed the UCP in the tissue. Further, the immunostaining was not uniform in multilocular cells, because small adipocytes with finely multivacuolar or scanty lipid deposit showed more intense staining. This pattern is similar to that found in brown adipose tissue. Ultrastructural investigation confirmed that a majority of proliferating cells had the morphological characteristics of brown adipocyte. Results indicate that adipocytes in hibernoma may be very close to brown adipocytes both morphologically and immunocytochemically. 相似文献
17.
Kristin I. Stanford Matthew D. Lynes Hirokazu Takahashi Lisa A. Baer Peter J. Arts Francis J. May Adam C. Lehnig Roeland J.W. Middelbeek Jeffrey J. Richard Kawai So Emily Y. Chen Fei Gao Niven R. Narain Giovanna Distefano Vikram K. Shettigar Michael F. Hirshman Mark T. Ziolo Michael A. Kiebish Laurie J. Goodyear 《Cell metabolism》2018,27(5):1111-1120.e3
18.
Obesity, which underlies various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, is a growing public health challenge for which established therapies are inadequate. Given the current obesity epidemic, there is a pressing need for more novel therapeutic strategies that will help adult individuals to manage their weight. One promising therapeutic intervention for reducing obesity is to enhance energy expenditure. Investigations into human brown fat and the recently discovered beige/brite fat have galvanized intense research efforts during the past decade because of their pivotal roles in energy dissipation. In this review, we summarize the evolution of human brown adipose tissue (hBAT) research and discuss new in vivo methodologies for evaluating energy expenditure in patients. We highlight the differences between human and mouse BAT by integrating and comparing their cellular morphology, function, and gene expression profiles. Although great advances in hBAT biology have been achieved in the past decade, more cellular models are needed to acquire a better understanding of adipose-specific processes and molecular mechanisms. Thus, this review also describes the development of a human brown fat cell line, which could provide promising mechanistic insights into hBAT function, signal transduction, and development. Finally, we focus on the therapeutic potential and current limitations of hBAT as an anti-glycemic, anti-lipidemic, and weight loss-inducing ‘metabolic panacea’. 相似文献
19.
Yaguang Si Guy Las Gilad Twig Natasa Petrovic Cristina Zingaretti Adam Graham Saverio Cinti Barbara E Corkey Barbara Cannon Jan Nedergaard Orian S Shirihai 《The EMBO journal》2014,33(5):418-436
Adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes (BA) induces mitochondrial uncoupling, thereby increasing energy expenditure by shifting nutrient oxidation towards thermogenesis. Here we describe that mitochondrial dynamics is a physiological regulator of adrenergically‐induced changes in energy expenditure. The sympathetic neurotransmitter Norepinephrine (NE) induced complete and rapid mitochondrial fragmentation in BA, characterized by Drp1 phosphorylation and Opa1 cleavage. Mechanistically, NE‐mediated Drp1 phosphorylation was dependent on Protein Kinase‐A (PKA) activity, whereas Opa1 cleavage required mitochondrial depolarization mediated by FFAs released as a result of lipolysis. This change in mitochondrial architecture was observed both in primary cultures and brown adipose tissue from cold‐exposed mice. Mitochondrial uncoupling induced by NE in brown adipocytes was reduced by inhibition of mitochondrial fission through transient Drp1 DN overexpression. Furthermore, forced mitochondrial fragmentation in BA through Mfn2 knock down increased the capacity of exogenous FFAs to increase energy expenditure. These results suggest that, in addition to its ability to stimulate lipolysis, NE induces energy expenditure in BA by promoting mitochondrial fragmentation. Together these data reveal that adrenergically‐induced changes to mitochondrial dynamics are required for BA thermogenic activation and for the control of energy expenditure. 相似文献
20.
肥胖是由于机体能量储存与消耗的失衡而产生的.褐色脂肪组织通过产热的形式,能够将体内过多的能量释放出来,以减少能量积累,避免造成肥胖.现从褐色脂肪组织的结构、分布、功能以及调控机制等方面,对褐色脂肪组织与肥胖症的关系作一综述,旨在为防治肥胖症及相关疾病寻找理论基础和实验依据. 相似文献