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1.
基于GIS与生物气候相似性的西花蓟马在广东的适生性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
西花蓟马Franklniella occidentalis (Pergande)是世界性的重要害虫,明确其在广东省的适生区域对该虫的科学监测及防治意义重大.本研究根据西花蓟马的生物学特性,利用气候相似距原理和ArcGIS对西花蓟马在广东省的适生性、寄主分布情况进行了分析,结果表明:西花蓟马在广东省有广泛的适宜分布区,但...  相似文献   

2.
西花蓟马的鉴别及其与近缘种的区别   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9  
刘宁  任立  张润志  郑建秋  王福祥 《昆虫知识》2005,42(3):345-347,F003
西花蓟马是我国2 0 0 3年在北京新发现的外来入侵害虫,因虫体很小鉴定困难。该文提供了西花蓟马详细的形态鉴别特征,同时给出了与西花蓟马相似的烟蓟马、花蓟马和佛罗里达花蓟马共4种花蓟马的鉴定检索表。  相似文献   

3.
【背景】外来入侵害虫西花蓟马于2003年首次在北京郊区被发现,并逐渐扩散蔓延,目前已在我国局部地区暴发成灾。【方法】于2008~2009年通过定点调查的方法对山东省115个地区258个样点的主要花卉上的蓟马种类进行了分析。【结果】山东省主要花卉上发生的蓟马有11种,包括花蓟马、黄胸蓟马、黄蓟马、西花蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、禾花蓟马、横纹蓟马、腹小头蓟马、黑白纹蓟马、油加律带蓟马等,其优势种为花蓟马。外来入侵害虫西花蓟马在山东省18个地区的花卉上被发现。其中,荣成市区发生最重,占蓟马采集总量的51.86%;德州市区和青岛市区发生次之,分别占蓟马采集总量的34.21%和33.88%;其他地区西花蓟马发生量占采集总量的1.39%~18.75%。【结论与意义】西花蓟马已在山东省定殖并广泛分布,相关部门应做好西花蓟马的预防与控制工作。  相似文献   

4.
【背景】外来入侵害虫西花蓟马于2003年首次在北京郊区被发现,并逐渐扩散蔓延,目前已在我国局部地区暴发成灾。【方法】于2008~2009年通过定点调查的方法对山东省115个地区258个样点的主要花卉上的蓟马种类进行了分析。【结果】山东省主要花卉上发生的蓟马有11种,包括花蓟马、黄胸蓟马、黄蓟马、西花蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、禾花蓟马、横纹蓟马、腹小头蓟马、黑白纹蓟马、油加律带蓟马等,其优势种为花蓟马。外来入侵害虫西花蓟马在山东省18个地区的花卉上被发现。其中,荣成市区发生最重,占蓟马采集总量的51.86%;德州市区和青岛市区发生次之,分别占蓟马采集总量的34.21%和33.88%;其他地区西花蓟马发生量占采集总量的1.39%~18.75%。【结论与意义】西花蓟马已在山东省定殖并广泛分布,相关部门应做好西花蓟马的预防与控制工作。  相似文献   

5.
西花蓟马     
西花蓟马原产于北美洲 ,195 5年首先在夏威夷考艾岛发现 ,1981年在美国佐治亚州出现 ,1991年已经遍及全美。截至目前 ,西花蓟马分布遍及美洲、欧洲、亚洲、非洲、大洋洲 ,成为一种世界性害虫。西花蓟马对农作物具有极大的危害性。该害虫取食植株的茎、叶、花、果 ,导致植株枯萎 ,同时还传播番茄斑萎病毒等多种病毒。而且西花蓟马具有杂食性 ,目前已知寄主植物多达5 0 0余种 ,主要有李、桃、苹果、番茄、草莓、茄、辣椒、生菜、番茄、豆、兰花、菊花等 ,且随着不断扩散 ,其寄主种类一直在持续增加 ,有些种类还尚未正式列入有关研究报告中。据…  相似文献   

6.
外来入侵害虫西花蓟马防控技术研究与示范   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
针对入侵害虫西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)在我国部分地区暴发成灾的形势,公益性行业科研专项"外来入侵害虫西花蓟马防控技术研究与示范"项目组在除西藏、台湾、香港和澳门以外的30个省、区和直辖市开展了西花蓟马的调查、监测、预警和综合防控技术研究与示范。结果表明西花蓟马在北京、云南、浙江、山东等14个省市发生危害,尤以云南和北京两地最为严重,在全国呈快速蔓延趋势。明确了西花蓟马在我国的成灾机制;建立了西花蓟马高效诱捕技术;筛选出4种对西花蓟马具有显著控害潜力的本土天敌昆虫及病原微生物;筛选出5种对西花蓟马高效、对环境友好的防治药剂;明确西花蓟马重要发生区域北京和云南种群对主要化学药剂的抗性和机制;分别组建了基于农业措施防治、色板与引诱剂应用的引诱技术、生物防治和高效环保化学农药综合应用的10套西花蓟马防控技术体系,在我国北京、云南、山东和浙江等西花蓟马主要发生区域累计推广面积2.65万公顷,有效控制了西花蓟马的为害和扩散蔓延。  相似文献   

7.
西花蓟马是近年来在我国局部地区暴发成灾的重要外来入侵害虫,有关西花蓟马入侵对本地蓟马种群动态、空间分布及优势种影响的报道较少。对云南省昆明市近郊蔬菜花期的蓟马种群动态和空间分布研究表明,蔬菜上的蓟马种类主要是西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)、花蓟马F.intonsa(Trybom)、棕榈蓟马T.palmi(Karny)和端大蓟马Megalurothrips distalis(Karny);不同蔬菜上的蓟马优势种存在一定差异,其中辣椒和茼蒿上的蓟马优势种为西花蓟马;韭菜、茄子和四季豆上的蓟马优势种分别为花蓟马、棕榈蓟马和端大蓟马。各蔬菜上的蓟马种群数量以花期为多,盛花期达最大值,其中茄子花上的蓟马成虫平均虫口密度最高,为14.93头/朵。利用聚集度指标进行空间分布检测表明,不同蔬菜上蓟马成虫的空间分布型均为聚集分布,且聚集程度随密度的增加而增大。本研究可为深入探讨西花蓟马对本地蓟马的竞争取代机制积累资料,同时为西花蓟马的综合治理奠定理论基础。  相似文献   

8.
我国新发现外来入侵害虫——西花蓟马   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《科学时报》讯 近日 ,中国农科院研究人员在北京发现一种新的外来入侵害虫———西花蓟马。它已经被相关权威专家确定为危险性外来入侵害虫。今年 6月 ,中国农科院蔬菜花卉所研究人员在北京市郊的大棚辣椒植株上发现蓟马严重发生 ,每朵花上蓟马成、幼虫均在数百头以上 ,单株植株叶和花上蓟马总数达近万头。经我国权威的蓟马分类专家中国科学院动物研究所韩运发研究员查阅大量资料后 ,确认该蓟马是西花蓟马Frankliniellaoccidentalis(Pergande) ,为近年传入我国的又一危险性外来入侵害虫。西花蓟马是一种世界著名的危害性害虫 ,原产于北美…  相似文献   

9.
西花蓟马在康乃馨不同品种上的田间分布   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
调查西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)在10个康乃馨(Dianthus caryophyllus)品种上的发生与分布,比较花朵颜色与气味对西花蓟马寄主选择性的影响。结果表明,花朵上的西花蓟马数量在不同品种间存在显著差异。花朵颜色是影响西花蓟马寄主选择的主要原因,而花朵气味也能影响西花蓟马对寄主的选择性。  相似文献   

10.
西花蓟马和花蓟马在温度逆境下的存活率比较   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
以外来入侵害虫西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)和本地种花蓟马(F.intonsa)为对象,研究了高温和低温逆境下两种蓟马各虫态存活率的差异.结果表明:在36℃~44℃高温下暴露2h和4h,不论是西花蓟马还是花蓟马,各虫态的存活率均随温度的升高而降低,但在相同高温处理条件下,同一虫态西花蓟马的存活率要高于花蓟马;在-2℃~-10℃低温下暴露2h和4h,西花蓟马和花蓟马各虫态的存活率均随随温度的降低而下降;在相同低温处理条件下,同一虫态西花蓟马的存活率也要高于花蓟马.由此表明,2种蓟马对高温和低温的适应能力不同,本地种花蓟马对高温和低温均比较敏感,而外来入侵害虫西花蓟马对极端温度具有较强的适应性.  相似文献   

11.
Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, is an invasive worldwide pest that causes great economic loss. Temperature plays an important role in shaping insect distributions. In this study, we report the survival rates of 3-day-old WFT exposed to rapid changes in extreme high and low temperatures. Temperature, exposure time, and gender all significantly affected the survival of adult WFT, with the lowest survival associated with more extreme temperatures and/or longer exposures. The temperature required to kill 50% of exposed WFT individuals (LT50) decreased with extended exposure time, but females were more tolerant to extreme temperature than males. Investigation of rapid cold or heat hardening suggested that a short prior exposure to a sub-lethal low or high temperature increased WFT survival during a subsequent exposure to a lethal temperature. Tolerance of extreme temperatures and an ability to undergo rapid hardening are of great ecological relevance in determining the geographic distribution of WFT, allowing it to survive better in temporary bouts of extreme temperature stress. Our findings provide useful information on the environmental limits on the distribution of WFT, which have implications for control of this pest.  相似文献   

12.
Frankliniella occidentalis is an economically important invasive pest worldwide, which can damage various horticultural crops and ornamental plants. F. occidentalis was first intercepted in Kunming, Yunnan province in 2000, and first reported to establish a population in Beijing, China in 2003. Since then, this pest is currently distributed across tens of provinces in mainland China and cause increasingly serious damage and loss. To control this pest, invasion biology, monitoring, and integrated pest management have been generally and intensively studied for 15 years in China. Furthermore, western flower thrips (WFT) as an important invasive insect pest, the research achievements on WFT has contributed to the promotion of technological innovation and development for invasive alien species management strategies and techniques in China. This review provides an overview for research on the biology, ecology, prevention, and management of this pest during 15 years in China. Meanwhile, China's “4E action” strategy on F. occidentalis is also discussed in this review.  相似文献   

13.
Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is the most important insect pest for greenhouse flower crops, but chemical control is often difficult because of the thrips' location in flowers and buds. Thripinema nicklewoodi (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) is an entomoparasitic nematode that attacks and sterilizes WFT, but its biology and impact on WFT are poorly understood. Methods to propagate and study T. nicklewoodi with a microscope slide arena for observation and a rolled bean leaf arena for rearing were developed. On average, 21.4 nematodes were excreted per day by a parasitized female WFT. The sex ratio of the excreted nematodes was 6.0/1.0 (female/male). After dissection of adult WFT, a maximum of 11 ovoid-shaped first-generation nematodes in a female thrips and 6 in a male thrips were found. There were more second-generation nematodes in the adult female WFT (192.6) than in the adult male WFT (93.7). When 50 healthy first instar WFT were exposed to 4 parasitized female WFT in a rolled bean leaf, a 75.3% mean parasitization rate in the adult stage of the thrips was obtained. In contrast to previous reports, male WFT can be parasitized as readily as females. Parasitism reduced the longevity of both adult female and adult male WFT, and the degree of reduction was higher in adult male WFT. T. nicklewoodi, when presented with various WFT life stages (first instar, second instar, prepupa, pupa, adult female, and adult male), achieved the highest attack rate in first and second instars and prepupa. The free-living nematodes excreted by the hosts actively migrated to a trichome on leaf disks in the observation arena and moved up this structure. Then, the nematode actively waved the anterior part of its body while attaching itself to the trichome with the posterior part of its body. After a nematode contacted the leg of a thrips, the nematode immediately moved up along the leg toward the abdomen of the host. Increased understanding of the biology of T. nicklewoodi is important to better assess its potential for biological control of WFT.  相似文献   

14.
寄主植物接种番茄斑萎病毒对西花蓟马种群的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)是一种入侵我国的重要害虫, 而番茄斑萎病毒是以西花蓟马传播为主的一种极具危害性的世界性病毒, 通过研究西花蓟马与番茄斑萎病毒之间的互作将有助于进一步深入理解西花蓟马以及番茄斑萎病毒的发生与猖獗机制, 同时也将为制定合理、可持续的控制西花蓟马及其传播的植物病毒防控策略提供理论依据。【方法】利用应用特定年龄-龄期及两性生命表方法, 研究了西花蓟马在辣椒3种处理(健康CK、机械损伤MD、机械接种番茄斑萎病毒MI)叶片上的生长发育、存活及种群增长。【结果】健康、机械损伤和机械接毒叶片上的发育历期依次为12.45, 11.97和11.18 d。雌雄成虫寿命和雌虫产卵量在不同处理植株叶片上差异显著(P<0.05), 在机械接毒叶片上寿命最长(雌13.51 d, 雄12.69 d); 繁殖能力最强, 产子代数高达33.01头1龄若虫/雌。健康、机械损伤和机械接毒叶片上西花蓟马内禀增长率分别为-0.009, 0.153和0.190 d-1, 净生殖率依次为0.84, 14.54和21.79。【结论】番茄斑萎病毒诱导寄主植物辣椒反应使西花蓟马发育历期缩短, 成虫寿命延长, 繁殖能力提高, 种群增长加速。  相似文献   

15.
Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a major pest of horticultural crops worldwide. The search for alternative pest management techniques has resulted in increasing interest in the use of kairomones and other behaviour‐modifying chemicals to mitigate the impact of this pest. In this study, we determined whether the origin of populations, feeding history, and/or genotype influence the response of WFT to the thrips kairomone lure methyl isonicotinate (MI) in a Y‐tube olfactometer study. Four New Zealand thrips populations were tested: (1) from a commercial glasshouse capsicum crop, (2) from a long‐established laboratory colony (>222 generations) kept on chrysanthemums, (3) from a laboratory colony (6–9 generations) kept on French dwarf beans, and (4) thought to be a separate cryptic non‐pest species from outdoor yellow tree lupins, Lupinus arboreus Sims (Fabaceae). In the laboratory tests, significantly more WFT from all four populations chose the MI‐laden arm of a Y‐tube olfactometer when it contained 1 μl methyl isonicotinate (61.3–73.2%) compared with the blank no‐odour arm. No differences in response to MI were found between the two laboratory and the one glasshouse WFT populations. Both laboratory populations and the greenhouse population belonged to the ‘glasshouse pest’ genotype of WFT. However, the cryptic non‐pest WFT genotype responded more strongly to MI than any of the other populations, although the response was only significantly stronger than that of the long‐established laboratory population. Significant differences were also found among populations in the average time taken for thrips to make a choice to enter either arm of the Y‐tube olfactometer, with the cryptic non‐pest lupin genotype taking the shortest time, followed by thrips from the capsicum glasshouse. The results are discussed with respect to the variability in olfactory perception and olfactory behaviour within a species and the relevance to the use of such a kairomone lure in pest management programmes.  相似文献   

16.
The impact of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) on mortality of soil-dwelling stages of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with different insect stage combinations was studied in the laboratory and under semi-field conditions. In laboratory experiments, the efficacy of Steinernema feltiae strain Sylt (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) at a concentration of 400 infective juveniles (IJs) cm -2 was tested against different proportions of soil-dwelling stages of WFT, i.e. late second instar larvae (L2), prepupae and pupae. Soil was used as the testing medium. S. feltiae significantly affected the mortality of all soil-dwelling life stages of WFT at all tested insect stage combinations. The proportion of late L2 in the population negatively correlated to EPN-induced mortality. WFT prepupa and pupa were similarly susceptible to S. feltiae and their proportion in the population did not affect the EPN-induced mortality under laboratory conditions. The highest mortality (80%) was recorded when the population consisted only of prepupae and/or pupae. In the semi-field study, the impact of S. feltiae , S. carpocapsae strain DD136 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain HK3 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) ( H. bacteriophora ) at concentrations of 400 and 1000 IJs cm -2 was evaluated against WFT reared on green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., as host plant in pot experiments in a controlled climate chamber. All tested EPN strains at both dose rates significantly reduced the WFT populations. Up to 70% reduction of the WFT population was obtained at the higher EPN concentration.  相似文献   

17.
The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a cosmopolitan pest of many crops, is considered a major pest of low tunnel and greenhouse strawberries. The extent of damage to strawberry is unclear because different studies have produced contradictory results. Also, economic thresholds published for WFT in strawberry vary greatly, and most fail to incorporate economic factors. This study was aimed at developing a decision‐making tool for WFT management in strawberries in Israel. Toward this end, economic injury levels (EIL) and economic thresholds were calculated, based on target markets (export vs. domestic). Results indicate that serious infestation of ripe berries may cause a dull, rough appearance, and the fruit may be soft and have a reduced shelf life, rendering it unsuitable for export. Most fruit damage occurred at green and turning‐red stages of development. Two decision‐making tools were developed, one for winter, when WFT populations increase slowly but crop value is high (export market); and the second for spring, when the pest increases rapidly but crop value is low (local markets). Economic thresholds of 10 and 24 WFT/flower were calculated for winter and spring strawberries, respectively, based on direct thrips damage to fruit. This calculation does not take into account the recorded WFT damage to flowers, or its role in facilitating Botrytis cinerea fruit infection. Western flower thrips has proved only an occasional economic pest in Israeli strawberries, and no routine control measures are warranted. Furthermore, augmentative releases of Orius laevigatus or Neoseilus cucumeris against WFT are not justified in this system, because Orius colonizes strawberry fields spontaneously in high numbers when no broad spectrum insecticides are used.  相似文献   

18.
19.
西花蓟马表皮碳氢化合物成份分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是一种重要的世界性害虫。为了明确西花蓟马表皮碳氢化合物的主要成分,本文采用改进的进样技术,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对西花蓟马成虫和若虫表皮碳氢化合物进行分析。经NIST数据库检索,并与标准图谱比较,应用色谱峰面积归一法测定各种成分及其相对含量,实验结果表明,西花蓟马成虫和若虫表皮中的主要成分为C25~C29的直链和支链饱和烷烃;成虫表皮中含有9种碳氢化合物,若虫表皮中有8种碳氢化合物;9-甲基二十五烷是其成虫特有的,其它8种碳氢化合物是成虫与若虫共有的,但其含量略有差异。  相似文献   

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