四川美姑大风顶自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查

20 0 2年 8月 1日～ 17日对四川美姑大风顶自然保护区的两栖爬行动物进行了调查。结合前人的工作 ,该保护区共有两栖爬行动物 2 2种 ,其中两栖动物 11种 ,隶属于 9属 7科 2目 ,爬行动物 11种 ,隶属于 9属 4科 2亚目 1目。区系特点为 :(1)物种组成较丰富 ;(2 )都属于东洋界物种 ,没有古北界的成分 ;(3)区系组成较简单 ,以喜马控雅 -横断山区型和南中国型为主 ;(4 )特有种所占比例高。 (5 )既古老又具年轻的特点。美姑县新纪录 6种 ,大凉疣螈为国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物 ,横斑锦蛇为四川省重点保护野生动物。美姑大风顶自然保护区两栖爬行动物物种多样性和生境多样性较高 ,对于生物多样性保护和研究横断山脉两栖爬行动物物种组成及区系特征具有一定意义。     

新疆布尔根河狸国家级自然保护区两栖和爬行动物多样性

2015年7—8月和2016年4—10月,采用样线法与固定半径样点法,对新疆布尔根河狸国家级自然保护区的两栖和爬行动物进行调查,2种调查方法记录到的两栖和爬行动物相同,表明2种方法对保护区的两栖和爬行动物发现能力相近。调查发现,保护区内有两栖动物1种、爬行动物8种(隶属于5科7属)。从物种组成和区系分析,保护区内的两栖和爬行类物种均属于古北界中亚亚界蒙新区西北荒漠亚区及阿尔泰-巴彦卡萨领亚区。在保护区内旱地沙蜥Phrynocephalus helioscopus密度最大,为广域性分布。提出了加强保护区两栖和爬行类物种保护管理的建议。     

九寨沟自然保护区的两栖爬行动物调查

采用编目法调查了九寨沟自然保护区的两栖爬行动物多样性概况,共有10种,隶3目8科,区系组成以横断山区特有种为主(60％)。根据两栖爬行动物的分布格局,确定九寨沟的两栖爬行动物重点保护区域和生境为：①低海拔的树正沟,主要保护动物为中华蟾蜍、华西蟾蜍、高原林蛙等两栖动物,重点保护生境为树正群海和翡翠河道;②高海拔的则查洼沟,主要保护动物为北方山溪鲵和西藏齿突蟾,重点保护生境为长海;③扎如沟,主要保护各种爬行动物,重点保护生境为河道两侧的灌丛。     

内蒙古白银库伦遗鸥自然保护区两栖爬行动物调查

2006年5～9月,采用样带法对内蒙古白银库伦遗鸥自然保护区的两栖爬行动物进行了调查,共记录到两栖爬行动物12种,其中两栖类1目3科4种,爬行类2目4科8种.区系组成以古北界种类占明显优势.花背蟾蜍Bufo raddei和丽斑麻蜥Eremias argus分别为两栖类和爬行类的优势种.物种组成与附近的锡林郭勒自然保护区、赛罕乌拉自然保护区有较高的相似性.根据保护区的现状,提出了对两栖爬行动物的保护建议.     

贺兰山两栖爬行动物的物种多样性及区系特征

为掌握贺兰山两栖爬行动物物种多样性及区系特征,于2007-2008年,采用样带调查法对贺兰山两栖爬行动物进行了系统调查。结果表明:贺兰山两栖爬行动物共计2目8科12属19种,其中王锦蛇(Elaphe carinata)和玉斑锦蛇(E.mandarina)为宁夏爬行动物新纪录种;贺兰山两栖爬行动物Shannon多样性指数为2.250,均匀性指数为0.563,其两栖爬行动物科数和种数分别占宁夏两栖爬行动物总科数和种数的72.7%和67.9%,分别占内蒙古两栖爬行动物总科数和种数的66.7%和50.0%;花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddei)、中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)、荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalus przewalskii)、草原沙蜥(P.frontalis)、丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)和密点麻蜥(E.multiocellata)是贺兰山优势种,花条蛇(Psammophis lineo-latus)、黄脊游蛇(Coluber spinalis)和虎斑颈槽蛇(Rhabdophis tigrinus)为常见种,其余种类为偶见种;贺兰山两栖爬行动物物种中,14种为古北界物种,5种为广布种,且蒙新区物种成分优势明显,占42.6%,反映了贺兰山两栖爬行动物具有典型的蒙新区西部荒漠亚区的物种组成和区系特征。     

湖北后河国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查

2004年7月、2006年7～8月、2007年9月,对湖北后河国家级自然保护区的两栖爬行动物资源进行了调查.该保护区内现已知有两栖爬行动物73种,其中两栖动物29种,隶属于2目9科;爬行动物44种,隶属于2目9科.区系组成以东洋界种类占明显优势.资源量优势种两栖类有中华蟾蜍(Bufo g.gargarizans)、绿臭蛙(Odorrana margaretae)、泽陆蛙(Fejervarya multistriata)、棘腹蛙(Paa boulengeri)、崇安湍蛙(Amolops chunganensis);爬行类有王锦蛇(Elaphe carinata)、黑眉锦蛇(Elaphe taeniura)、乌梢蛇(Zaocys dhumnades)、福建竹叶青蛇(Trimeresurus stejnegeri).根据资源特点及保护现状,提出对保护区内两栖爬行动物的保护建议.     

湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查

2002年6～9月对湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区的两栖、爬行动物资源进行了调查,结合文献资料,该保护区现已知有两栖、爬行动物80种,其中两栖动物38种,隶属2目9科22属;爬行动物42种,隶属2目11科31属.国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物大鲵Andrias davidianus、虎纹蛙Hoplobatrachus rugulosus 2种;湖北省重点保护动物35种,占湖北省重点保护两栖爬行动物的75%.被列入<中国濒危动物红皮书>的两栖、爬行动物有21种(极危物种1种,濒危物种6种,易危物种11种,依赖保护物种1种,需予关注物种2种).对两栖爬行动物的种类组成和区系进行了分析,并提出了保护措施.     

四川省喇叭河自然保护区的两栖爬行动物初步调查

喇叭河自然保护区共有两栖动物2月7科22种,区系组成以东洋界西南区为主;爬行动物1目7科17种,区系组成以东洋界广布种为主。两栖爬行动物是保护区内的重要资源。喇叭河自然保护区是保护横断山东缘物种多样性的关键地区之一。     

珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性及区系

西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区(以下简称珠峰保护区)是全球海拔最高、相对高差最大的自然保护区,主要保护世界上独一无二的极高山生态系统、原始的山地森林以及异常丰富的山地生物多样性,但人类目前对区内两栖爬行动物多样性的研究和了解却十分有限。为了掌握野生动物资源现状,促进保护区的有效管理,2010–2012年,我们先后5次对珠峰保护区两栖爬行动物资源进行了系统的实地调查,共采集到61号两栖爬行动物标本。结果显示:保护区至今已记录到两栖动物9种,隶属1目3科6属;爬行动物11种,隶属1目4科10属。区内两栖爬行动物区系组成以东洋界物种占绝对优势,共有17种,古北界物种仅3种;区系特有性明显,中国特有种2种、主要分布在中国的物种6种。古北界与东洋界在区内的分界明显且没有交汇,分界线约在海拔3,600–3,800 m之间。我们相信随着实地调查工作的深入,在保护区南坡沟谷区域的两栖爬行动物物种总数还会有所增加。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.