不同饵料对玛丽仔鱼生长及存活的影响

通过投喂轮虫、蛋黄、人工配合饲料（基础、添加诱食剂、高蛋白）５种不同饵料,观察玛丽仔鱼的生长及存活情况。表明各饵料组间差异不显著。经养殖１５日,仔鱼平均体重从００２３ｇ增至００５８ｇ,平均增量倍数为２４１—２８０;平均体长从１１２７ｍｍ增至１５６１ｍｍ,平均增长倍数为１３６—１４６。存活率均在８４％以上。     

不同开口饵料对西伯利亚鲟仔鱼生长、存活和体成分的影响

分别采用水丝蚓（Limnodrilus sp.）、卤虫无节幼体（Artemia nauplii）、枝角类（Moina sp.）和人工饲料饲养西伯利亚鲟仔鱼30 d,研究不同开口饵料对西伯利亚鲟仔鱼生长、存活率和体成分的影响.结果表明：卤虫无节幼体为西伯利亚鲟最适开口饵料,仔鱼的存活率最高（96.67%）; 投喂水丝蚓组生长速度最快;而人工饲料组生长速度明显低于其他组,且成活率最低.不同开口饵料组间仔鱼体成分差异显著,人工饲料组水分含量最高,且粗蛋白和粗灰分含量最低.采用卤虫无节幼体为西伯利亚鲟仔鱼开口饵料,然后采用水丝蚓进行强化培育,能获得较好的生长速度和存活率.     

不同饵料对卤虫生长、总脂含量及脂肪酸组成的影响

为了提高养殖卤虫的饵料营养价值,了解其不同生长阶段营养成分变化情况,采用单因子试验研究了8种饵料（三角褐指藻、小球藻、微绿球藻、酵母液、三角褐指藻＋小球藻＋微绿球藻、三角褐指藻＋酵母液、小球藻＋酵母液和微绿球藻＋酵母液）对卤虫生长、总脂含量及脂肪酸组成的影响,结果表明：不同饵料种类对卤虫生长、总脂含量及脂肪酸组成的影响显著（P＜0.05）,增长率,以三角褐指藻＋酵母液最优;总脂含量、以三角褐指藻最优（19.67%）,除酵母液外,与其它饵料相差不显著（P＞0.05）;脂肪酸组成效果,以微绿球藻组最优（EPA：18.01%,DNA：0.55%,（n-3）HUFA：19.08%）,与三角褐指藻组相差不大（P＞0.05）,显著高于其它各组（P＞0.05）.同时以三角褐指藻为饵料,研究了卤虫不同生长阶段（体长2、4、6、8、10 mm）总脂含量、脂肪酸组成变化,结果表明：卤虫体长2～10 mm总脂含量为14.27%～20.93%,随体长的增长降低;EPA、DHA及（n-3）HUFA的含量,均随体长的增长降低,EPA含量为：10.47%～20.77%,DNA含量为：0～0.70%,（n-3）HUFA含量为：10.85%～22.01%.结论认为,卤虫以三角褐指藻或三角褐指藻＋酵母液为饵料培养营养价值最佳,其体长小于6 mm营养价值较佳.     

不同饵料和饥饿对魁蚶幼虫生长和存活的影响

在水温23.2-24.0℃,盐度29.5-30.0条件下,研究了5种单胞藻饵料和饥饿对魁蚶浮游幼虫生长与存活的影响.投喂不同饵料试验中,球等鞭金藻与4种单胞藻混合投喂试验组幼虫的特定生长率、眼点幼虫比例和壳长均显著高于单一投喂试验组,其中球等鞭金藻与小球藻混合投喂的效果最好;投喂单一饵料试验中,球等鞭金藻组幼虫的生长、眼点幼虫比例与存活率显著高于其它试验组.在饥饿试验中,不同饥饿天数条件下幼虫的存活率差异不显著;生长方面,饥饿1-2d较短时间与一直投喂对照组的幼虫相比较,特定生长率、眼点幼虫比例、壳长的差异不显著,但随着饥饿时间延长,幼虫的生长变慢且眼点幼虫比例下降,一直饥饿情况下幼虫的生长基本停滞.研究结果可以为魁蚶人工苗种繁育技术的改进提供参考依据.     

不同开口饵料对川陕哲罗鲑仔鱼生长和存活的影响

分别采用水丝蚓Limnodrilus sp.、丰年虫Artemia salina、鲫鱼Carassius auratus卵和2种不同配方的人工饲料饲养川陕哲罗鲑Hucho bleekeri开口仔鱼(20日龄),研究不同开口饵料对川陕哲罗鲑仔鱼生长和存活的影响。结果表明:在仔鱼开口后的0~10 d内,丰年虫投喂的川陕哲罗鲑仔鱼生长速度显著高于其他试验组,15~20 d丰年虫组仔鱼出现负增长(-0.38%),而10 d以后2个饲料组的生长速度迅速提升。在整个试验期内,水丝蚓组和鲫鱼卵组的生长较为平稳,特定生长率均介于丰年虫组和2个饲料组之间。试验结束时,丰年虫组的存活率最高,为(91.11±5.09)%,水丝蚓组的存活率最低,为(43.33±6.67)%。基于本试验的结果和川陕哲罗鲑的摄食特性,推荐最适的开口投喂方案为:0~10 d投喂丰年虫,10 d后逐步添加人工饲料进行转食。     

不同饵料对大口黑鲈生长性能和肠道微生物的影响

以冰鲜鱼、配合饲料和混合投喂3种饵料, 研究其对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长性能和肠道微生物的影响。结果表明, 在生长性能方面, 配合饲料组试验鱼的末均重、体长、增重率和特定生长率均显著低于冰鲜鱼组和混合投喂组(P<0.05), 混合投喂组最后养成规格最大, 生长速度也最快, 但与冰鲜鱼组差异不显著(P>0.05)。在肠道微生物群落的丰富度与多样性方面, 配合饲料投喂组丰富度最高, 冰鲜鱼组最低, 但冰鲜鱼组多样性最高, 配合饲料投喂组次之, 混合投喂组最低。在门级水平上, 厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)是大口黑鲈肠道优势菌群。属级水平上, 冰鲜鱼组的优势菌属主要为支原体属(Mycoplasma)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)及聚球菌属(Synechococcus_CC9902); 配合饲料组优势菌属为克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、罗姆布茨菌(Romboutsia)及分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium); 混合投喂组优势菌属则是支原体属(Mycoplasma)、厌氧氨氧化菌(Candidatus_Brocadia)及罗姆布茨菌(Romboutsia)。功能预测表明, 配合饲料投喂组大口黑鲈肠道菌群在“能量生产与转化”“碳水化合物运输和代谢”“氨基酸转运与代谢”和“脂质转运与代谢”等功能类群的相对丰度最高, 而冰鲜鱼组肠道菌群在“核苷酸的转运和代谢”“辅酶运输和代谢和翻译”“核糖体结构和生物发生”等功能类群的相对丰度占优。饵料对大口黑鲈的生长、肠道菌群组成和功能都具有显著的影响。研究为大口黑鲈的配合饲料开发和健康养殖提供了理论依据。     

水温影响幼蟹生长特性的初步研究

近年来,在一些进行人工放流增殖河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的湖泊中,河蟹的产量占全湖水产品总产的39.5%。继内陆水域河蟹人工放流获得成功之后,各地又进行了池塘养蟹的尝试。我省1987年池塘养蟹面积达567ha,大水面放养河蟹6.87×10~4ha,成蟹总产达1662t。因此,进一步开展河蟹生态学的研究,对发展我国河蟹养殖业或合理制订河蟹自然种群的繁殖保护措施是很有必要的。许步劭等(1980)、赵乃刚(1980)曾对河蟹的人工繁殖和蚤状幼体的发育进行了     

口虾蛄性腺组织蛋白质双向电泳体系的建立及优化

旨在通过口虾蛄雄性、雌性性腺组织蛋白质双向电泳技术体系的优化,获得雄性、雌性口虾蛄性腺蛋白质的表达图谱。结果表明,不同的蛋白提取方法,上样前处理方法,上样量,聚焦时间及雌、雄性口虾蛄性腺蛋白表达图谱存在一定的差异。雌性、雄性口虾蛄用Tris-HCl提取后用丙酮沉淀方法提取蛋白质、不经上样缓冲液处理、上样量为10μg时,得到较好图谱。对图谱分析发现在pH4-6.5范围内,雌性口虾蛄性腺可溶性蛋白质种类多于雄性。雄性口虾蛄蛋白质点相对于雌性较少,且蛋白质大部分分布于酸性端。经过蛋白质双向电泳体系的优化,能显著提高双向电泳图谱的分辨率,为进一步研究口虾蛄性别差异表达蛋白的筛选,后续的口虾蛄蛋白质组学研究提供技术保障。     

纤维素酶对生长育肥猪饲养效果的影响

本试验选用３２头６７日龄皮大长白杂交生长育肥猪,随机分为两组,试验组日粮在对照组日粮基础上添加０．１％纤维素酶制剂,通过４０天的实验结果表明对照组日增重为３５１．０５克,试验组为４０５．９４克,日增重提高１５．６４％,差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）,饲料报酬提高７．２１％,经济效益明显增加。说明该纤维素酶制剂应用于饲喂生长猪是可行的。     

不同开口饵料对草鱼幼鱼生长及糖代谢的影响

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黄渤海海域口虾蛄野生资源的种群遗传学研究

本研究通过扩增测序共获得了148条口虾蛄线粒体COⅠ基因序列,定义了52个单元型,其中存在63个变异位点。在黄渤海海域中,盐城口虾蛄种群的遗传多样性最高;渤海与黄海海域口虾蛄群体间遗传分化指数(Fst)为0.006 12。经MEGA 4.0软件计算得知11个种群间的遗传距离为0.0009~0.0057,而渤海与黄海两大海域间的遗传距离为0.0043。系统发生关系显示,渤海与黄海海域的单倍型呈交错聚集状态,说明两大海域间不存在显著的遗传分化。本次研究初步评估了两个海域的口虾蛄种群的遗传多样性水平,为渤海海域与黄海海域口虾蛄种质资源保护提供了基础资料。     

口虾蛄proPO基因全长cDNA的克隆与组织表达

口虾蛄是海湾底拖网渔业中具有重要经济价值的种类,分布广泛.其自然资源日渐衰退,人工育苗技术获得成功后,口虾蛄养殖过程中病害问题及其防治应引起足够的重视.为此,拟通过分子生物学手段研究口虾蛄免疫系统的核心酶——酚氧化酶(PO)的分子结构及该基因的组织表达,从而在分子水平上深入探究其免疫机理.采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)与cDNA末端快速克隆(RACE)技术从口虾蛄血细胞中克隆了酚氧化酶原(O-proPO)基因,cDNA全长为2436bp,其中开放阅读框为2142bp,编码713个氨基酸.预测分子量为82446Da,等电点(pI)为8.78.该基因与Genbank上登录的斑节对虾、凡纳滨对虾、罗氏沼虾、短沟对虾、日本对虾proPO基因序列具有较高的同源性,分别为82％、76％、76％、72％、70％.序列分析表明O-proPO为proPO家族中的一个成员,其氨基酸序列中含有多个免疫调节作用位点.系统进化分析显示O-proPO与十足目种类的proPO为同一分支的2个亚群,而后于丰年虫的proPO形成一分支.O-proPO基因表达具有组织特异性,在血淋巴和肠中表达,但在血淋巴中表达量明显高于肠.     

Evaluating agro-industrial by-products as dietary roughage source on growth performance of fattening steers

Silages from pineapple peel, sweet corn husk and cob mixed with bagasse and vinasse were evaluated to determine their chemical composition and fermentation characteristics as well as feeding performance in fattening steers. The experiment, which lasted 90 days, involved 48 fattening steers (264 ± 37.4 kg BW) randomly allocated to three diets. Treatments included: a control diet containing rice straw and molasses (T1); diet containing bagasse–vinasse mixture including sweet corn husk and cob silage (BS; T2); and diet containing bagasse–vinasse mixture including pineapple peel silage (BP; T3). All treatments included a commercial concentrate feed (13% CP) and ad libitum rice straw throughout the experiment. Results from chemical analysis showed that dry matter (DM) of BS was higher than BP (P < 0.05), whereas the protein content of BS and BP was similar (P > 0.05). For fermentation characteristics, pH in BP was lower than BS (P < 0.05); in addition, acetic and butyric acids in BS were higher than BP (P < 0.05). Findings from growth trial showed that total DM intake in steers fed T1 was higher compared to the other dietary treatments (P < 0.05), whereas the average BW gain was found to be grater in T3 steers (P < 0.05). As result from our findings, bagasse–vinasse mixture with pineapple peel silage appeared to be a viable feed ingredient in fattening steer diet and moreover it could become an economically feasible agro-industrial by-product for farmers.     

东海海域口虾蛄种群遗传多样性

为准确掌握中国沿海口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)种群遗传结构、合理开发利用其资源,采用线粒体DNA(mt DNA)细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(COⅠ)序列分析方法检测东海海域(庙子湖岛、南韭山、大陈岛、南麂岛)口虾蛄种群遗传多样性,并与黄渤海群体和南海群体进行比较分析(基因序列来源于Gen Bank)。经PCR扩增与测序获得100条658 bp的东海海域口虾蛄COⅠ基因序列,基于这些序列分析得到的变异位点数、单倍型数、单倍型多样性指数与核苷酸多样性指数分别为60、60、0.963±0.011和0.005 94±0.000 44,分析认为东海海域口虾蛄具有较高的单倍型多样性和较高的核苷酸多样性。单倍型分子系统树、分子方差分析及两两群体间的遗传分化系数(Fst)分析结果表明,东海海域口虾蛄遗传变异主要来自于群体内(Fst=﹣0.007 78,P0.05),各地理群体间遗传分化不显著,Fst值范围为﹣0.016 53~﹣0.009 08(P0.05),它们可能进行了一定程度的基因交流;通过与黄渤海群体及南海群体基因序列比较分析,口虾蛄东海群体、黄渤海群体与南海群体遗传变异主要来自于群体间(Fst=0.849 71,P0.01),且单倍型分子系统树存在2个显著分化的单倍型类群。东海群体与黄渤海群体间存在显著的遗传分化(Fst=0.884 58,P0.01),而与南海群体间不存在显著的遗传分化(Fst=0.020 44,P0.05),这种遗传结构模式可能与历史上的气候变化及所处海域海洋环境条件相关。建议今后对中国沿海口虾蛄资源进行开发利用时,将黄渤海群体看作一个管理单元,东海群体与南海群体看作一个管理单元。     

粤东海域口虾蛄遗传多样性

采用线粒体COI基因序列对粤东汕尾和深圳2个海域口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)的遗传多样性进行了分析.研究表明,所分析的口虾蛄mtDNA CO I基因(592 by)共检测到21个变异位点,占总位点的3.55%.转换和颠换位点数分别为18和3个,碱基替换的饱和性分析表明,口虾蛄CO I基因碱基替换...     

Influence of water temperature and waterborne cadmium toxicity on growth performance and metallothionein–cadmium distribution in different organs of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Cadmium (Cd) is believed to be one of the most abundant and ubiquitously distributed toxins in the aquatic system. This metal is released to the aquatic environment from both anthropogenic sources, such as industrial, agricultural and urban effluents as well as natural sources, such as rocks and soils. Otherwise, the temperature increase of water bodies, which has been observed due to global climatic changes, has been shown to increase Cd toxicity for several aquatic animal species including fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), (26.0±0.38 g) were reared at 20, 24, 28, or 32 °C and exposed to 0.0 or 0.5 mg Cd/L for 8 weeks to investigate effects of water temperature, Cd toxicity and their interaction on fish performance as well as metallothionein (MT) and Cd distribution in different fish organs. It was found that fish reared in Cd-free group at 28 °C showed the optimum growth and feed intake, while Cd-exposed fish showed low growth and feed intake irrespective to water temperature. A synergetic relationship between water temperature and Cd toxicity was observed where Cd toxicity increased as water temperature increased and the worse growth was obtained in Cd-exposed fish reared at 32 °C. Additionally, the highest Cd residues in different fish organs were detected in Cd-exposed fish reared at 32 °C. Similarly, MT concentrations in different fish organs increased as water temperature increased especially in Cd-exposed fish groups. A high positive correlation between MT and Cd concentrations in fish organs was detected. The distribution of MT and Cd levels was in the order of liver>kidney>gills>muscles. The present study revealed that the optimum water temperature suitable for Nile tilapia growth is 28 °C. Additionally, Cd exposure had a deteriorate effect on the growth and health of Nile tilapia. This hazardous effect increased as water temperature increased. Further, liver and kidney were the prime sites of Cd accumulation, while Cd load in the muscles was the lowest as compared to the other investigated organs.     

Biology of the threespine stickleback,Gasterosteus aculeatus,and the blackspotted stickleback,G. wheatlandi,during their marine pelagic phase in the Bay of Fundy,Canada

Synopsis Two species ofGasterosteus were collected from the surface waters of 48 stations in the Bay of Fundy from 1979–1982. Densities varied widely according to locality and time of year (range: 1 fish 0.2 m^–2 to 1 fish 26.3 m^–2 of sea surface) but peaked within 30 km of the New Brunswick/Maine coast in July and August. A few adults were caught as far as 100 km from the coast in winter. Guts ofG. wheatlandi were significantly fuller (63.3 ± 0.6%) than those ofG. aculeatus (44.6 ± 0.1%) but there were no differences between male and female guts within species. Quantitatively, gut contents were very similar between species, consisting primarily of (99.4%): calanoid copepods (Centropages typicus Kroyer andEurytemora cfamericana Williams), copepod nauplii, cladocerans (Podon leuckarti Sars andP. polyphemoides Leuckart) and planktonic eggs (in decreasing order of importance).Gasterosteus wheatlandi ate significantly more calanoids thanG. aculeatus but all other prey types were eaten in similar amounts. Within species, there were no differences in the numbers of each prey type eaten over time. The most abundant calanoid species caught alongside the fishes in the sampling nets did not occur in the sticklebacks' diets; probably they were too large to be ingested.Gasterosteus aculeatus bred in inshore, brackish water ponds in late April. By late July most juveniles had migrated out into the Bay but a few remained until early September.Gasterosteus wheatlandi bred later in the brackish water ponds (late May) and juveniles began migrating into the Bay in early August; a few remained in the ponds until early September. Adults were found in the Bay alongside juveniles suggesting that individuals of both species may survive for a second year. In both species, growth rates of juveniles were greater in brackish water than in the sea.     

Daily rations,diel feeding activity and distribution of age-0 brook charr,Salvelinus fontinalis,in two subarctic streams

Synopsis Diel variations in the stomach content weight of age-0 brook charr indicate that they fed primarily during the day in Matamek River and Rivière à la Truite, Québec. Age-0 charr in both rivers moved close to the shore at night. The mean weight of stomach contents in Rivière à la Truite was highest at the end of the daylight period, whereas in the Matamek River stomach content weights maintained maximum level during most of the day, except in August when high water temperatures reduced food intake. Daily rations were estimated at 5.09 and 4.09% body weight for charr from Rivière à la Truite in July and August, respectively. In the Matamek River, estimates were 7.13, 9.75, and 1.27%, in June, July, and August, respectively. Charr from Matamek River had a higher instantaneous growth rate than charr in Rivière à la Truite (3.96 versus 2.72% body weight per day) and were significantly heavier by mid-August. Differences observed between populations in daily rations and growth rates were attributed mainly to differences in water temperature regimes.     

水温与雌二醇对中国大鲵幼体生长与肝的影响

为探讨水温与外源17β-雌二醇(E2)暴露对中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)幼体生长的影响,设置了3个水温、2个E2暴露浓度与3个暴露时间交互处理共18组,并在3个水温下设置了3个对照组,每组幼鲵20尾,分别在出膜143、182、248天称量各组幼鲵体重。为进一步探寻E2对幼鲵生长影响的原因,在出膜143天对幼鲵的肝进行了组织切片观察。结果表明,幼鲵在(20±1)℃水温下生长最快、在(13±1)℃生长次之、在1~16℃生长最慢;在(20±1)℃水温下,外源E2暴露对幼鲵生长具有一定的抑制作用,且暴露时间越长、抑制作用越强,暴露剂量越大、抑制作用越大;E2暴露浓度为25μg/L的幼鲵极少数肝细胞质内出现了脂肪空泡,肝血窦有所扩大;E2暴露浓度为250μg/L的幼鲵约30%肝细胞与细胞核肿大、细胞质中出现脂肪空泡、被覆在肝实质表面的上皮细胞向肝实质内迁移、肝血窦扩大等。本文认为,E2暴露对幼鲵肝组织结构造成的损伤,可能是抑制幼鲵生长的主要原因。