首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
为研究投喂配合饲料、杂鱼和猪肺对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)亚成体的养殖性能和生化组成的影响,本研究采用单体框养和生化分析方法,以初始体重70 g左右的雌体为研究对象,分析3种饵料对亚成体成活、蜕壳、生长、肝胰腺指数、肌肉指数、常规生化成分、脂肪酸组成的影响。结果显示:(1)3组饵料对成活率影响显著,饲料组高达90%,杂鱼组仅为43%左右,猪肺组居于二者之间;杂鱼组死亡主要由蜕壳死亡综合症(MDS)引起,饲料组和猪肺组无明显蜕壳死亡综合症(MDS)引起的死亡现象;(2)配合饲料组的蜕壳间隔最短,两次蜕壳个体百分比、终体重和特定增长率最高,杂鱼组蜕壳间隔最长,生长情况最差,猪肺组养殖性能居中;(3)尽管配合饲料组的平均肝胰腺指数高于其他两组,但是3个饵料组的肝胰腺指数和肌肉指数均无显著差异;(4)不同饵料对组织中常规生化组成影响显著,杂鱼组肝胰腺和肌肉中水分含量最低,其他成分含量最高,其他两组常规生化组成较为接近;(5)肝胰腺和肌肉中的主要脂肪酸百分含量均受所投喂饵料脂肪酸组成影响显著,杂鱼组组织中高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)含量最高,猪肺组饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,但多不饱和脂肪酸含量最低;整体上,杂鱼组蟹对饵料中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)相对保留率最低,猪肺组蟹最高。综上,配合饲料能够提高三疣梭子蟹亚成体的养殖性能,可以在一定程度上替代广泛使用的杂鱼等冰鲜饵料。  相似文献   

2.
为了解海州湾关键饵料生物在食物网中的被捕食压力及自然死亡率波动情况,研究基于2011和2013—2020年在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查资料和胃含物分析数据,以物种间的营养联系为基础,选择细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)、枪乌贼(Loligo sp.)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)5种关键饵料生物为研究对象,通过计算捕食压力指数(Predation pressure index, PPI),分析它们在海州湾食物网中的主要捕食者及其捕食压力,并计算了纳入捕食压力指数的自然死亡系数。结果表明,细螯虾的捕食者对其年平均捕食压力指数最高,小黄鱼的捕食者对其年平均捕食压力指数最低。小眼绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys kumu)对细螯虾和枪乌贼的年平均捕食压力指数最高,分别为168.89和75.77;(Miichthys miiuy)对日本鼓虾和口虾蛄的年平均捕食压力指数最高,分别为39.41和9.85;海鳗(Muraenesox c...  相似文献   

3.
在实验室条件下研究了极端温度对海刺猬的存活率、摄食率、生长以及组织器官等方面的影响。实验设置两个处理组温度为30°C和-2℃,对照组为自然水温(19~23℃),每组设置3个重复,每个重复60枚海刺猬,实验周期为56 d。结果表明:高温组海刺猬实验温度升到30℃后2 d内全部死亡,其平均摄食量(5.19±1.31 g·ind-1)极显著小于对照组(15.15±1.58 g·ind-1)(P0.01);低温组和对照组之间海刺猬存活率差异不显著(P0.05);但低温组海刺猬平均摄食量(0.18±0.04 g·ind-1)极显著小于对照组(10.90±0.33 g·ind-1)(P0.01);56 d内低温组海刺猬个体湿重极显著小于对照组(P0.01);低温组海刺猬口器湿重、壳湿重、性腺湿重、壳干重、口器指数、壳指数极显著小于对照组(P0.01),性腺干重、口器干重显著小于对照组(P0.05);但性腺指数与对照组无显著差别(P0.05);低温组海刺猬最大承受压力极显著小于对照组(P0.01);在实验室条件下,海刺猬(2~3 g·ind-1)无法长时间在高温环境(30℃)下存活,而能在低温环境(-2℃)下存活但其摄食、生长和性腺性状影响极显著。  相似文献   

4.
单性养殖在棘胸蛙(Quasipaa spinosa)养殖中意义显著。为了了解棘胸蛙性腺分化,并探讨在不同的培育温度条件下性腺分化的差异。通过组织切片观察了棘胸蛙原始性腺的形成和性腺分化。棘胸蛙的性腺分化有其特殊性:生殖嵴形成时,其中既有体细胞,又有原始生殖细胞(PGCs);无论原始性腺是分化成为精巢还是卵巢,其中都出现一个带有单层扁平上皮初生性腔,当单层扁平上皮逐渐消失后形成次生性腔。性腔周围的PGCs开始长大2—3倍时,性腺将分化成为卵巢;体细胞渗入性腔中,使腔隙变小直至消失,这种原始性腺分化成为精巢。棘胸蛙蝌蚪孵化后的l7—80 d(Gosner 25—26期)为性腺分化的敏感时期。实验选取同一批次刚孵出蝌蚪(Gosner 24期),分别用不同水温(16±1)℃、(27±1)℃、(31±1)℃3组实验组及自然水温(23±1)℃对照组条件下的培育蝌蚪。结果显示,对照组的雌、雄性比为26∶24,雄性率接近50%;(16±1)℃实验组的雌、雄比例为33∶17,雄性率仅34%(P0.05);从(27±1)℃实验组起,雄性率提高,(31±1)℃实验组的雄性率达70%(P0.05)。棘胸蛙的性别分化属于温度依赖型性决定(TSD)。较高的培育温度可使棘胸蛙蝌蚪性别分化趋向雄性,而较低的培育温度则使蝌蚪雌性化。  相似文献   

5.
东海海域口虾蛄种群遗传多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为准确掌握中国沿海口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)种群遗传结构、合理开发利用其资源,采用线粒体DNA(mt DNA)细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(COⅠ)序列分析方法检测东海海域(庙子湖岛、南韭山、大陈岛、南麂岛)口虾蛄种群遗传多样性,并与黄渤海群体和南海群体进行比较分析(基因序列来源于Gen Bank)。经PCR扩增与测序获得100条658 bp的东海海域口虾蛄COⅠ基因序列,基于这些序列分析得到的变异位点数、单倍型数、单倍型多样性指数与核苷酸多样性指数分别为60、60、0.963±0.011和0.005 94±0.000 44,分析认为东海海域口虾蛄具有较高的单倍型多样性和较高的核苷酸多样性。单倍型分子系统树、分子方差分析及两两群体间的遗传分化系数(Fst)分析结果表明,东海海域口虾蛄遗传变异主要来自于群体内(Fst=﹣0.007 78,P0.05),各地理群体间遗传分化不显著,Fst值范围为﹣0.016 53~﹣0.009 08(P0.05),它们可能进行了一定程度的基因交流;通过与黄渤海群体及南海群体基因序列比较分析,口虾蛄东海群体、黄渤海群体与南海群体遗传变异主要来自于群体间(Fst=0.849 71,P0.01),且单倍型分子系统树存在2个显著分化的单倍型类群。东海群体与黄渤海群体间存在显著的遗传分化(Fst=0.884 58,P0.01),而与南海群体间不存在显著的遗传分化(Fst=0.020 44,P0.05),这种遗传结构模式可能与历史上的气候变化及所处海域海洋环境条件相关。建议今后对中国沿海口虾蛄资源进行开发利用时,将黄渤海群体看作一个管理单元,东海群体与南海群体看作一个管理单元。  相似文献   

6.
为评价羧甲基壳聚糖锌的亚急性毒性,30只雌雄各半的昆明种小鼠随机分为实验组1、实验组2和对照组,以两种不同锌离子络合量的羧甲基壳聚糖锌为材料,制取生理盐水浸提液,对实验组1和实验组2小鼠腹腔注射浸提液28 d,测定体重、相关血液生化指标、相关脏器指数,并进行各器官病理学检查。结果表明实验过程中各组小鼠基本生理状况均表现正常,实验结束后实验组1雄性小鼠血清ALP和UA含量均低于对照组,呈显著性差异(P0.05),实验组2雄性小鼠血清UA含量低于对照组,呈显著性差异(P0.05),其它血清生化指标与对照组比较无显著性差异。实验组2雌性小鼠肾脏指数高于对照组,差异显著(P0.05),两实验组小鼠其它脏器指数均正常,与对照组比较无显著性差异。各组雌雄小鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾以及胸腺外观观察与病理切片观察均未见明显病变,表明两种羧甲基壳聚糖锌对小鼠未表现明显的毒副作用。  相似文献   

7.
文章研究了华中地区池塘养殖大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)卵巢的发育规律, 分析了水温与光照条件变化对卵巢发育的影响, 探究了大口黑鲈反季节繁殖的方法, 旨在充分利用本地区的气候条件, 化劣势为优势, 从根本上解决本地大口黑鲈产业所面临的问题。实验采用形态学、组织学等方法比较分析了大口黑鲈卵巢发育特征, 采用人工控温和人工促熟的方法探究了温度和性激素对大口黑鲈性腺启动发育的影响。研究发现, 华中地区大口黑鲈雌鱼性腺指数(GSI)周年变化在0.63%—7.95%, 10月中旬至12月初水温由20.6℃降至11.0℃期间, 卵巢开始发育至Ⅲ期, 并以Ⅲ期越冬, 至4月中旬繁殖产卵, 5月底结束, 繁殖前约80%的雌鱼绝对繁殖力在4.5万—6.5万粒, 但受水温升高的影响, 卵巢中15%成熟卵母细胞未能产出而逐步退化, 产卵结束时仍有一半以上卵未产出(GSI为4.6%); 雌鱼GSI与肠系膜脂肪系数(MFI)、肝体比(HSI)在10月份至次年4月份呈显著负相关(P<0.05), 表明在此期间, 机体储存的营养物质部分转移至性腺, 优先保证性腺发育。在大口黑鲈反季节繁殖实验中, 采用井水[水温(20±1)℃]降温和控温处理的方法能够促进大口黑鲈性腺的启动发育, 经过3个月处理, 控温组雌鱼卵巢发育至Ⅳ期末, GSI达到4.06%, 而对照组雌鱼卵巢处于Ⅲ期, GSI为2.52%, 两组差异显著(P<0.05), 两组雄鱼精巢均发育至Ⅳ期末, 控温组GSI达0.89%, 对照组为0.73%, 这表明可以通过温度处理来调控大口黑鲈性腺的发育。最后针对反季节繁殖中亲本的培育方法和处理时间等进行了总结, 以期为后续培育反季节大口黑鲈提供依据。  相似文献   

8.
覃国森  周维官 《四川动物》2006,25(2):403-406
分别采用常温养殖法和“两头加温”养殖法对黄喉拟水龟进行为期两周年的养殖对比研究,结果表明,常温养殖法养殖的黄喉拟水龟平均个体重由16 g增加到306.6 g,平均日增重0.40 g,生长增重模式为:W常=14.3186(1.0042)D(r=0.9613,F=2026.38),饵料系数为8.35,成活率75%,增重1 kg活体需成本59.45元;“两头加温”法养殖的黄喉拟水龟平均个体重由16 g增加到642.3 g,平均日增重0.86 g,生长增重模式为:W加=19.2088(1.0048)D(r=0.9661,F=142.35),饵料系数为7.82,成活率为90%,增重1 kg活体需成本93.63元.试验期间,采用“两头加温”法养殖的黄喉拟水龟获利4481.80元,是常温养殖法78.56元的57倍.  相似文献   

9.
海水和淡化水养殖凡纳滨对虾饲料蛋白需求量的比较研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本研究从生长、饲料利用和体成分等指标综合评价饲料蛋白质含量对凡纳滨对虾的影响。研究发现,在海水养殖环境下,饲料蛋白水平对凡纳滨对虾的存活率、增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数、蛋白效率和虾体粗蛋白含量均有显著性影响(p0.05)。摄食饲料蛋白含量38%的海养凡纳滨对虾有较高的存活率、增重率以及最高的特定生长率。饵料系数随蛋白含量的增加而减小,虾体粗蛋白含量随饲料蛋白水平升高而增加,而蛋白含量38%和41%实验组饵料系数和虾体粗蛋白含量均没有显著性差异(p0.05)。淡化水养殖条件下,凡纳滨对虾的存活率随饲料蛋白水平的增加而提高,而增重率和特定生长率均在饲料蛋白含量35%实验组最高,饵料系数随蛋白含量的增加先减小后增大,蛋白含量35%实验组饵料系数显著小于其他实验组。海水养殖条件下,凡纳滨对虾的存活率、末体重、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均高于淡水养殖的对虾。对虾虾体粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均随盐度升高而升高,而虾体水分随着盐度的升高而降低。  相似文献   

10.
海洋生态系统的营养动力学是决定渔业生产力的主要因素,也是实施基于生态系统的渔业管理的重要基础。为了评估生物因子和非生物因子对海州湾5种关键饵料生物被摄食的影响,本研究基于2011和2018年秋季在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查和胃含物分析数据,构建了Delta-GAMMs模型,选择细螯虾、日本鼓虾、枪乌贼、小黄鱼和口虾蛄5种关键饵料生物作为研究对象,基于出现频率百分比和捕食压力指数筛选其主要捕食者,基于方差膨胀因子和全子集回归筛选影响5种关键饵料生物被摄食的关键因子。结果表明:5种关键饵料生物在捕食者食物中的出现频率范围为8.5%~42.2%,重量百分比范围为4.2%~40.9%。Delta-GAMMs二项模型和正态模型的平均偏差解释率分别为16.1%和23.8%。捕食者体长、捕食者种群密度和底层水温是影响饵料生物-捕食者相互作用的重要因素。其中,捕食者体长是最重要的影响因素,关键饵料生物的被摄食率和被摄食量均随捕食者体长的增加呈上升趋势,关键饵料生物的被摄食率和被摄食量随着捕食者种群密度的增加而下降。此外,底层水温、水深、纬度和底层盐度等环境因素对种间营养关系的影响,因饵...  相似文献   

11.
Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.  相似文献   

12.
The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.  相似文献   

13.
Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.  相似文献   

14.
15.
The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.  相似文献   

16.
The sieve-element plastids of 69 species of theCaryophyllales were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. All contained the specific subtype-P3 plastids characterized by a peripheral ring of protein filaments. The presence or absence of an additional central protein crystal and their shape being either polygonal or globular as well as the average sizes of the sieve-element plastids are useful features in the characterization of some families.—Barbeuia contains sieve-element plastids that confirm its placement within thePhytolaccaceae. Lyallia differs fromHectorella by including small starch grains in their sieve-element plastids, which otherwise by their globular crystals negate a closer connection to theCaryophyllaceae. The lack of a central protein crystal in its form-P3fs plastids placesMicrotea best within theChenopodiaceae. Sarcobatus, a so far uncontested member of theChenopodiaceae, contains form-P3cf plastids, i.e., including a central crystal not found elsewhere in this family.Telephium andCorrigiola, shifted back and forth betweenMolluginaceae andCaryophyllaceae, have form-P3cf(s) plastids with a polygonal crystal which favor their placement within theCaryophyllaceae.  相似文献   

17.
The translocation of the radionuclides of Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Y, Tc, and Re into red and green fruits, flesh, seeds, rind, calyxes, flower, leaves, and stems via the root of the tomato plant at two different growth stages was studied by a multitracer technique. The contents (%/g) of Co, Zn, Se, and Y in the roots were the highest among the organs, but only small amounts of them were translocated into the aerial parts after 5 d cultivation with a multitracer. In contrast, Rb, Tc, and Re showed rapid translocation into the stems and leaves from the root. In the plants cultivated for 95 d with a multitracer, Zn, Se, and Rb distributed in all of the organs, Co in the organs except for flowers, and Y, Tc, and Re in the limited organs. The translocation ratio of the elements for the edible part of the plants cultivated for 95 d decreased in the order of Rb>Zn>Co≈Se>Tc≈Y>Re. The transfer factor of the elements for tomato fruit was determined to be in the range of 10−5–10−2. The characteristic translocation behavior of the elements gives us fundamental information on the assessment of pollutant uptake by the tomato plant.  相似文献   

18.
19.
Piotrowska A  Bajguz A 《Phytochemistry》2011,72(17):2097-2112
Phytohormones, including auxins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, and jasmonates, are involved in all aspects of plant growth, and developmental processes as well as environmental responses. However, our understanding of hormonal homeostasis is far from complete. Phytohormone conjugation is considered as a part of the mechanism to control cellular levels of these compounds. Active phytohormones are changed into multiple forms by acylation, esterification or glycosylation, for example. It seems that conjugated compounds could serve as pool of inactive phytohormones that can be converted to active forms by de-conjugation reactions. Some conjugates are thought to be temporary storage forms, from which free active hormones can be released after hydrolysis. It is also believed that conjugation serves functions, such as irreversible inactivation, transport, compartmentalization, and protection against degradation. The nature of abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, gibberellin, and jasmonate conjugates is discussed.  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号