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2017年10月中旬,在贵州省福泉县一个池塘中发现了桃花水母,经分子鉴定确认为索氏桃花水母(Craspedacusta sowerbyi)。研究了其生长发育的情况,建立了拟合优度线性相关函数,并观察了雄性索氏桃花水母精巢外形发育过程。结果表明,福泉的索氏桃花水母雌雄异体,雌性触手细长,伸向上方;雄性触手短粗,垂向下方。缘膜宽度、口径宽度、触手数量与伞径相关函数的相关系数r均大于0.75,说明3个指标与伞径之间均存在极强正相关关系。福泉的索氏桃花水母雄性个体性腺4个,淡绿色,成熟雄性个体精巢呈囊状、三角囊状、长三角囊状,4个精巢的发育不同步。研究表明,当伞径小于12 mm时,福泉的索氏桃花水母处于生长发育期,缘膜、口径宽度、触手数量、雄性精巢4个性状随之增长而变化,当伞径大于等于12 mm时,个体处于成熟期,上述4个性状相对稳定,变化不大。本文对于性腺作为桃花水母分类指标的有效性做了探讨。 相似文献
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桃花水母是世界的珍稀动物,它具有重要的学术价值和观赏价值.1880年首次在英国发现,订名为索氏桃花水母Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester 1880.1880~1939年共发现5种,1980年以后相继报道了6种.1959年台湾省台北市台湾师范大学校园一人工水池中发现桃花水母,共采得4个标本,作者订为一新种C. koui Shieh and Wang 1959.Kramp(1961)认为此非新种,乃为C.sowerbyi,这有待证实.作者在其论文中只称刺丝囊成丛,没描述刺丝囊疣的形状,对生殖腺的形状描述不清,未说明其颜色.为此,台湾的桃花水母难以鉴定.至于前苏联报道的一新种C.vovasi Naumov and Stepanjants 1971,共得16个标本,采自南Sakhalin的Bousset咸水湖.我们认为这不是淡水水母,应是一种海产的水螅水母.Stepanjants于1988年宣告此种无效,他认为此标本是Eperetmus typus Biglow 1915的一个新变种E.typus var.vovasi.因此,目前世界上桃花水母已记录11种,9种分布在我国. 相似文献
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作者对我国的桃花水母属Craspedacusta的2亚种和2变种重新通过形态学观察,并与国内外已发表的Craspeda-custa属7种相比较,其刺丝囊疣的形状和排列及生殖腺的形状和颜色均存在明显的差异。故认为此2亚种和2变种应提升为种,即信阳桃花水母Craspedacusta xinyangensis He,1980,杭州桃花水母Craspedacusta hangzhouensis He,1980、乐山桃花水母Craspedacusta kiatingi Gaw and Kung,1939和宜昌桃花水母Craspedacusta kawaii(Oka,1907)。本文将全世界11种桃花水母的形态特征作了比较并附以系统检索。 相似文献
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桃花水母属Craspedacusta隶属于刺胞动物门Cnidaria水螅纲Hydrozoa淡水水母目Limnomedusae笠水母科Olindiidae。我国的桃花水母种类丰富,分布广泛,近年来多地有新种和分布新纪录的报道。安徽曾发现桃花水母,但均未进行详细描述和研究。本文对采自安徽省金寨县梅河河谷水潭内的桃花水母进行了初步研究,依据其伞形、缘膜宽度、触手及平衡囊数目、刺丝囊疣形状和排列方式、生殖腺形状和颜色等形态特征对其进行初步的分类鉴定。结果表明,此次在金寨县发现的桃花水母更接近于宜昌桃花水母Craspedacusta kawaii Oka,1907。这是对安徽省发现的桃花水母首次进行较为明确的分类鉴定和初步的形态学研究。 相似文献
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桃花水母及其生态学研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
桃花水母是一种濒临绝迹、古老而珍稀的腔肠动物,已有数亿年以上的生存历史,是地球上最低等级的无脊椎动物,是腔肠动物中生活于淡水中的仅有种类,是进化过程中的关键物种,具有极高的生态和人文价值,重要的学术价值和观赏价值。由于三峡水库的蓄水,桃花水母的生境将惨遭淹没,桃花水母濒临灭绝,这一珍贵物种的灭绝,不仅是世界物种多样性的损失,也是我国古代记载的“桃花鱼”这一文化资源的永久丧失。由于桃花水母较为罕见和出现时间极短,人们对其知之甚少,故本文从其生物学特性、出现时间、种类、分布以及研究现状等方面对桃花水母进行了较为系统的概述,提出了保护和研究桃花水母的科学意义并指出了今后研究的方向。 相似文献
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中国桃花水母属的修订(淡水水母目,笠水母科) 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
作者对我国的桃花水母属Craspedacusta的2亚种和2变种重新通过形态学观察,并与国内外已发表的Craspeda-custa属7种相比较,其刺丝囊疣的形状和排列及生殖腺的形状和颜色均存在明显的差异.故认为此2亚种和2变种应提升为种,即信阳桃花水母Craspedacusta xinyangensis He,1980,杭州桃花水母Craspedacusta hangzhouensis He,1980、乐山桃花水母Craspedacusta kiatingi Gaw and Kung,1939和宜昌桃花水母Craspedacusta kawaii(Oka,1907).本文将全世界11种桃花水母的形态特征作了比较并附以系统检索. 相似文献
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Sawsan A. Omer Duha F. Alsuwaid Osama B. Mohammed 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(3):2023-2028
The aims of the present study were to characterize ticks infesting the dromedary camel and cattle in Hofuf, Eastern Saudi Arabia and to determine the piroplasms that they may harbor. DNA was extracted from ticks, collected from camels and cattle, using commercial kits and subjected to polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for the amplification of ticks and piroplasms DNA. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene (COI) was used for characterization of ticks whereas partial 18S rRNA gene (18S rRNA) was used for piroplasms characterization. Ticks were genetically identified as Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma anatolicum. Both cattle and camel in Hofuf, were found to be infested with both species. Both ticks identified as H. dromedarii and H. anatolicum from camels and cows showed 100% identity to COI sequences from the same species available in GenBank. Only Theileria annulata DNA was amplified from both H. anatolicum and H. dromedarii infesting cattle. None of the ticks collected from camels revealed DNA of piroplasms. T. annulata DNA was reported for the first time from Hofuf and the role of both H. anatolicum and H. dromedarii as potential vectors for this parasite in cattle in Saudi Arabia has been documented for the first time. 相似文献
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I. Parádi E. Páldi S. Rudnóy Z. Bratek G. Kovács I. Rácz D. Lásztity 《Biologia Plantarum》2003,47(1):33-38
The modified nucleotide content of the ribosomal RNAs in wheat is greatly influenced by light. The rRNAs of etiolated seedlings
contain far fewer modified derivatives. The modified nucleotide composition characteristic of green plants develops gradually
as a result of irradiation. In the course of the experiments changes in the state of modification of 5.8S and 18S rRNAs were
examined during the greening of etiolated wheat seedlings. Three types of minor nucleotides, O2′-methyladenosine, O2′-methylguanosine and pseudouridine were found in the 5.8S rRNA of green wheat leaves, none of which was detected in etiolated
wheat. The minor nucleotides appeared in the 5.8S rRNA only after 48 h irradiation. The sequences of 5.8S rDNA, TTS1, ITS2
and 18S rDNA were also determined and the presence of the hyper-modified nucleotide 1-methyl-3-(α-amino-α-carboxypropyl)-pseudouridine
was detected in green wheat 18S rRNA. This minor component was not demonstrable in etiolated wheat 18S rRNA, but appeared
after irradiation for 48 h.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Zoology (Jena, Germany)》2015,118(2):102-114
Ctenophores are a phylum of non-bilaterian marine (mostly planktonic) animals, characterised by several unique synapomorphies (e.g., comb rows, apical organ). Relationships between and within the nine recognised ctenophore orders are far from understood, notably due to a paucity of phylogenetically informative anatomical characters. Previous attempts to address ctenophore phylogeny using molecular data (18S rRNA) led to poorly resolved trees but demonstrated the paraphyly of the order Cydippida. Here we compiled an updated 18S rRNA data set, notably including a few newly sequenced species representing previously unsampled families (Lampeidae, Euryhamphaeidae), and we constructed an additional more rapidly evolving ITS1 + 5.8S rRNA + ITS2 alignment. These data sets were analysed separately and in combination under a probabilistic framework, using different methods (maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference) and models (e.g., doublet model to accommodate secondary structure; data partitioning). An important lesson from our exploration of these datasets is that the fast-evolving internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions are useful markers for reconstructing high-level relationships within ctenophores. Our results confirm the paraphyly of the order Cydippida (and thus a “cydippid-like” ctenophore common ancestor) and suggest that the family Mertensiidae could be the sister group of all other ctenophores. The family Lampeidae (also part of the former “Cydippida”) is probably the sister group of the order Platyctenida (benthic ctenophores). The order Beroida might not be monophyletic, due to the position of Beroe abyssicola outside of a clade grouping the other Beroe species and members of the “Cydippida” family Haeckeliidae. Many relationships (e.g. between Pleurobrachiidae, Beroida, Cestida, Lobata, Thalassocalycida) remain unresolved. Future progress in understanding ctenophore phylogeny will come from the use of additional rapidly evolving markers and improvement of taxonomic sampling. 相似文献
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Four common earthworm species, the anecic Lumbricus terrestris, the endogeic Octolasion tyrteum as well as the epigeic Eisenia fetida and Dendrobaena veneta, were examined for the presence of the microbial gut symbiont Plagiotoma lumbrici. The evolutionary origin of this endobiotic microbe was reconstructed, using the 18S rRNA gene, the ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 region, and the first two domains of the 28S rRNA gene. Plagiotoma lumbrici was exclusively detected in the anecic Lumbricus terrestris. Multigene analyses and the ITS2 secondary structure robustly determined the phylogenetic home of Plagiotoma lumbrici populations within the oxytrichid Dorsomarginalia (Spirotrichea: Hypotrichia) as a sister taxon of the free‐living Hemiurosomoida longa. This indicates that earthworms obtained their gut endosymbiont by ingesting soil/leaf litter containing oxytrichine ciliates that became adapted to the intestinal tract of earthworms. Interestingly, according to the literature data, Plagiotoma lumbrici was detected in multiple anecic and some epigeic but never in endogeic earthworms. These observations suggest that Plagiotoma lumbrici might be adapted to certain gut conditions and the lifestyle of anecic Lumbricidae, such as Lumbricus, Aporrectodea, and Scherotheca, as well as of some co‐occurring epigeic Lumbricus species. 相似文献
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Mohsin U. Patwary Christoph W. Sensen Ron M. MacKay John P. van der Meer 《Journal of phycology》1998,34(2):299-305
The lack of homogeneity in all previously proposed, distinguishing characteristics has left the relationships of taxa within the Gelidiales as one of the most enduring taxonomic uncertainties in the Rhodophyta. Although a precise knowledge of the taxonomy of commercially harvested members of the Gelidiales would assist resource management, agronomic practices, and marketing, even the distinction between two major groups, Gelidium and Pterocladia, has long remained controversial. In this study, the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2 regions of Gelidium latifolium (Greville) Bornet et Thuret, G. sesquipedale (Clemente) Thuret in Bornet et Thuret, G. vagum Okamura, Pterocladia lucida (Brown ex Turner) J. Agardh, and a recent segregate from Pterocladia, Pterocladiella capillacea (Gmelin) Santelices et Hommersand, were sequenced and analyzed. The ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2 regions of G. arbuscula (Montagne) B=orgesen, G. canariensis (Grunow) Seoane-Camba, G. capense (Gmelin) Silva, and G. pristoides (Turner) Kützing were also sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA genes from four Gelidium species, Pterocladia lucida, and Pterocladiella capillacea , compared with 18S rRNA genes from several other red algae confirmed the division between Gelidium and the Pterocladia/Pterocladiella isolates and were consistent with the recently proposed segregation of Pterocladiella from Pterocladia. Analyses based on the ITS regions of seven Gelidium species, Pterocladia lucida, and Pterocladiella capillacea were completely consistent with the conclusions drawn from the 18S rRNA data. There were extensive length and sequence differences between Gelidium and Pterocladia/Pterocladiella . In addition, there were larger sequence differences between Pterocladiella and Pterocladia than exist among Gelidium isolates, in keeping with the recently proposed separation of the former two taxa. 相似文献
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Robin L. Taylor Jeffrey Craig Bailey David Wilson Freshwater 《Journal of phycology》2017,53(3):541-556
Identification of Cladophora species is challenging due to conservation of gross morphology, few discrete autapomorphies, and environmental influences on morphology. Twelve species of marine Cladophora were reported from North Carolina waters. Cladophora specimens were collected from inshore and offshore marine waters for DNA sequence and morphological analyses. The nuclear‐encoded rRNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) were sequenced for 105 specimens and used in molecular assisted identification. The ITS1 and ITS2 region was highly variable, and sequences were sorted into ITS Sets of Alignable Sequences (SASs). Sequencing of short hyper‐variable ITS1 sections from Cladophora type specimens was used to positively identify species represented by SASs when the types were made available. Secondary structures for the ITS1 locus were also predicted for each specimen and compared to predicted structures from Cladophora sequences available in GenBank. Nine ITS SASs were identified and representative specimens chosen for phylogenetic analyses of 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences to reveal relationships with other Cladophora species. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that marine Cladophorales were polyphyletic and separated into two clades, the Cladophora clade and the “Siphonocladales” clade. Morphological analyses were performed to assess the consistency of character states within species, and complement the DNA sequence analyses. These analyses revealed intra‐ and interspecific character state variation, and that combined molecular and morphological analyses were required for the identification of species. One new report, Cladophora dotyana, and one new species Cladophora subtilissima sp. nov., were revealed, and increased the biodiversity of North Carolina marine Cladophora to 14 species. 相似文献
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对采自上海崇明、福建宁德、海南海口等沿海地区9个群体的石磺科贝类进行外部形态特征差异分析和内部结构比较,在初步分类基础上利用核糖体小亚基18S rRNA基因部分序列对9个群体进行系统发育分析,以菊花螺为外群,结合GenBank上石磺科4个18S rRNA基因序列构建系统发生树来探讨我国大陆沿海石磺科属种间的亲缘关系.结果显示:我国石磺科贝类南方沿海种类多于北方沿海;除报道的瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)和石磺(O.verruculatum)外,可能还有新记录5种:Onchidium属1种、Platevindex属2种、Peronia属1种和Paraoncidium属1种.分子系统发生树显示,我囝大陆沿海石磺科9个群体可分为4个亚群,分别为Onchidium、Platevindex、Paraoncidium、Peronia,其中Peronia亚群的置信度较高;Onchidium verruculatum应更名为Peronia verruculata. 相似文献
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产β-甘露聚糖酶Aspergillus sp. LQ21的分离、鉴定及发酵条件的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
β-甘露聚糖酶是一类能够水解甘露聚糖、葡甘露聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖的半纤维素酶类,广泛存在于动植物和微生物中,此酶在食品、医药、饲料、造纸、石油等方面已得到广泛应用;近年来,其作为食品和饲料添加剂方面倍受关注。对采自土壤和树皮的样品通过富集培养、平板初筛和摇瓶复筛,得到1株具产β-甘露聚糖酶能力的曲霉属菌株LQ21,结合形态特征、培养特征及18S rRNA基因序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为Aspergillussp.真菌。考察了培养时间、起始pH、培养温度、碳源和氮源对该菌株产酶的影响。初步确定了其最适产酶培养基组成:魔芋粉0.5%,蛋白胨1%,NaNO30.2%,K2HPO40.1%,KCl 0.05%,MgSO4.7H2O 0.05%,FeSO4.7H2O 0.001%;最适培养条件:初始pH4.5,温度35℃,转速200 r/min,培养60 h发酵液上清中酶活达到最高。 相似文献
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鸡球虫18S rRNA基因序列的测定与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了利用18S rRNA基因进行鸡球虫系统进化分析,对巨型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria maxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、堆形艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)3种共8个不同来源的虫株,分别提取总DNA进行18S rRNA基因的扩增和测序;将得到的序列登录GenBank进行同源性和趋异性分析,并结合GenBank中其它原虫的18S rRNA基因序列构建进化树.结果显示扩增获得8株鸡球虫18S rRNA基因长度为1746~1756 bp,序列比对显示同种不同株间的同源性大于不同种间的同源性,其中3株E.maxima株间同源性在98.7%~99.3%之间,4株E.tenella株间同源性在99.7%~99.9%之间;不同种间同源性为96.5%~98.1%,其中E.maxima与E.tenclla的遗传距离最大,为0.038;E.maxima与E.acervulina的遗传距离最小,为0.021.顶复器门9个不同属所构建的进化树结果显示,E.imeria和等孢属(Isospora)聚为一支,说明亲缘关系比较近.与GertBank中其它5株不同鸡球虫的18S rRNA基因共同构建的进化树显示,3株E.maxima聚为一支,与E.brunetti、E.mitis、E.mivati、E.praecox和E.acervulina聚为一大分支;4株E.tenella与1株E.necatrix共同形成一个分支,说明E.tenella与E.necattix的亲缘关系最近.本研究证实了在鸡球虫系统进化研究中,18S rRNA基因不仅可以区分不同种,而且有可能成为区分同种不同株的理想靶基因. 相似文献