云南省发现龙里瘰螈

正龙里瘰螈Paramesotriton longliensis隶属于两栖纲Amphibia有尾目Caudata蝾螈科Salamandridae瘰螈属Paramesotriton。李松等(2008)根据贵州省龙里县采集到的瘰螈标本,描述并发表了瘰螈属新种——龙里瘰螈,为中国特有种。目前该物种记录分布于贵州、重庆和湖北的喀斯特地区(中国两栖类,2020)。本研究于2019年9月在云南省文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县下金厂乡附近(104°48'38"E,23°8'31"N,海拔1 390 m)采集到瘰螈标本4号,包括2号雄性(SWFU 003653和SWFU 003656)和2号雌性(SWFU 003654和SWFU 003655),所有标本均浸泡在10%甲醛中,保存于西南林业大学。根据形态鉴定为龙里瘰螈,为云南省两栖动物分布新记录。     

湖北省发现两栖类新纪录：细痣疣螈

2006年5月4日,在湖北省宜昌市五峰县长乐坪镇洞口村雨坪坡上一小山洞口积水洼处发现一种有尾两栖类动物,经鉴定为国家二级保护动物细痣疣螈(Tylototriton asperrimus),为湖北省新纪录。细痣疣螈在分类上隶属两栖纲有尾目蝾螈科。此地点海拔930m,地理坐标为110°52′15″N,30°1     

江西省中国瘰螈分布的新记录

江西地区已有两栖动物计2目8科38种(Zhu,1994),其中有尾类已有记录为3种:大鲵(Andriasdavidianus)、东方蝾螈(Cynops orientalis)和肥螈(Paehytriton brevipes)。最近笔者在江西永新县深远山自然保护区陆生脊椎动物调查中,发现了蝾螈科(Salamandridae)瘰螈属(Paramesotrlton)一种有尾类动物,为江西省分布的新记录。现报道如下,作为该物种地理分布的资料参考。1采集时间和地点中国瘰螈[Paramesotriton chinensis(Gary,1895)]标本由宋玉赞采集于2006年5月17日江西省永新县深远山自然保护区船坪附近小溪,海拔352—576m,地理坐标为26°45.1…     

中国德氏瘰螈形态、分子系统分析和生境描述

中越边境地区是全球生物多样性的热点地区,近年来不断有新种、分布新记录种报道。2017年,学者首次报道了德氏瘰螈(Paramesotriton deloustali Bourret,1934)在中国的分布,但仅描述了其线粒体全序列,缺乏其他生物学信息。本研究于2013年在云南省红河州哈尼族彝族自治州河口县境内大围山保护区(22°37′N,103°52′E,海拔350 m)采集到6号标本应为德氏瘰螈,包括雄性成体标本4号和雌性成体标本2号,对其形态和生境特征进行了详细描述。此次采集标本与模式标本系列形态吻合。基于细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因的系统发育分析结果显示,河口大围山德氏瘰螈种群与模式产地(越南北部永福省三岛"Tam Dao,Vinh Phuc Province"风景区)种群间的遗传分化较小(p-distance为0.6%),与2017年所报道的云南标本聚为一支(p-distance为0.5%)。德氏瘰螈目前仅记录于中越边境地区,分布地极为狭窄,种群数量未知。为了更好地了解和保护包括该物种在内的中越边境生物多样性,建议两国学者进行更多的合作研究。     

富钟瘰螈和广西瘰螈骨骼系统的比较研究

采用硬骨-软骨双染色技术,研究我国广西产的富钟瘰螈和广西瘰螈骨骼系统,包括头骨、脊柱和附肢骨骼,并对各骨块的形状、位置以及与邻近骨块的关系都作了详细的描述;同时,比较了富钟瘰螈和广西瘰螈骨骼特征的差异,并将富钟瘰螈、广西瘰螈与有斑肥螈、贵州疣螈和东方蝾螈骨骼系统进行了比较,为揭示瘰螈属种间演化关系和蝾螈科属间演化关系提供一定的依据.     

安徽省发现棕脊蛇

<正>安徽省黄山市祁门县地处皖南山地多雨区,属北亚热带湿润季风气候。雨量充沛,四季分明,日照较少,气候温和。2014年5月10日21时,在祁门县渚口乡伊坑村旁的山径上(29°49′08″N,117°32′17″E,海拔254 m)采集到蛇类成体雌性标本1号(采集号:HS14023,标本保存在黄山学院标本馆)。当时气温17℃,小雨。经鉴定该标本为游蛇科(Colubridae)脊蛇属(Achalinus)棕脊蛇(A.rufescens)(图1)。棕脊蛇为小型穴居或隐匿生活     

西藏雅鲁藏布江中游发现黄斑褶[鱼兆]

正2016年4月,在西藏雅鲁藏布江中游干流下段的派镇段(29°31′9″N,94°52′12″E,海拔2 897 m),6月在米林段(29°12′1″N,94°5′16″E,海拔2 947 m),2017年7月在里龙段(29°8′32″N,93°54′34″E,海拔2 960 m),使用定置刺网共捕获到15尾疑似黄斑褶(Pseudecheneis sulcatus)的鱼类标本(图1a,b)。2017年4月在雅鲁藏布江下游墨脱段(29°18′10″N,95°16′52″E,海拔682 m)采集到一批黄斑褶标本(图1c,d),并与中游的黄斑褶进行了形态学比较鉴定。     

我国东北地区发现姬鼩鼱分布

2014年在黑龙江省横道河子地区(44°48′44″N,129°02′04″E,海拔约740 m)采集到1只鼩鼱(标本编号为CH5)。2015年在内蒙古自治区达赉湖地区(48°37′20″N,117°53′17″E,海拔约720 m)采集2只鼩鼱(标本编号为DE7和DE12)。这些新获标本经鉴定为姬鼩鼱(Sorex minutissimus)。《小鼩鼱(食虫目:鼩鼱科)辽宁省新纪录》文中的标本(080910,090920)经重新鉴定也为姬鼩鼱。利用mt DNA的Cyt b基因全序列构建系统进化树,结果揭示,小鼩鼱聚为一支,姬鼩鼱聚为另一支,新获标本(CH5、DE7、DE12)和待厘定标本(080910、090920)都聚在姬鼩鼱一支,进一步支持形态学鉴定结果。2015年采集的姬鼩鼱为内蒙古自治区新纪录,而《小鼩鼱(食虫目:鼩鼱科)辽宁省新纪录》文中的小鼩鼱(Sorex minutus)(标本号:080910,090920)更正为辽宁省姬鼩鼱新纪录。     

浙江省发现两栖纲寒露林蛙（无尾目：蛙科）

2016年8月24日,在浙江省丽水市莲都区葑垟林场(28°11′51″N,119.°49′2″E,海拔1 100 m)采得无尾目(Anura)蛙科(Ranidae)寒露林蛙(Rana hanluica)雄性成体标本1号;2017年2月14日于同一地点采得蝌蚪标本10号。该物种为浙江省两栖纲新纪录。     

瘰螈属(有尾目,蝾螈科)一新种

基于形态学差异、核POMC和线粒体序列分子数据,把分布于武陵山系的尾斑瘰螈种群定名为1新种,武陵瘰螈Paramesotriton wulingensis,其区别于尾斑瘰螈雷山种群(地模标本)鉴别特征为:1)新种体色较深,呈黑褐色,体背面疣粒较大,背脊隆起较低,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本体色较浅,呈棕黄色,体背面疣粒较小,背脊隆起较高;2)新种鼻突中间骨缝较深,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本鼻突中间骨缝较浅;3)新种前额骨与鼻骨相连的骨缝线呈波浪型,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本前额骨与鼻骨相连的骨缝线左右两侧呈明显“A”型;4)新种额鳞弧鳞骨直立前伸且背面观前粗后细,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本额鳞弧鳞骨水平前伸且背面观弧前后粗细一致;5)新种翼骨前枝较长达到上颌骨后缘,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标翼骨前枝较短不到上颌骨后缘.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.