长江上游支流赤水河流域底栖动物物种多样性与保护对策

作为长江上游唯一未在干流建坝的一级支流和长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区的核心区,赤水河流域孕育和保护了极为丰富的底栖动物多样性。然而对赤水河底栖动物的了解仍不充分,缺乏涵盖整个流域的连续性、季节性的底栖动物调查。本研究于2019–2021年按季度开展4次调查,系统评估了赤水河水系底栖动物物种多样性,更新了物种名录,甄别出其驱动机制及受胁因素,并提出相应的保护对策。本次调查共记录底栖动物5门9纲22目86科186属209种。全流域优势种均为昆虫类,如蜉蝣属一种(Ephemera sp.)、扁蜉属一种(Heptagenia sp.)、河花蜉属一种(Polamanthus sp.)、四节蜉属一种(Baetis sp.)、潜水蝽科一种(Naucoridae sp.)和多足摇蚊属一种(Polypedilum sp.)。春季底栖动物的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数均高于其他季节。上游的密度、物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数均明显高于中下游。主坐标分析显示,不同季节和不同河段间底栖...     

安宁河中游底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为了解安宁河底栖动物群落结构及其影响因素, 分别于丰水期(2015年7、8月)和枯水期(2016年1、2月)开展了安宁河中游干支流底栖动物的2次调查, 并于2015年7月至2016年6月进行安宁河支流的周年调查。共检出底栖动物5门115属122种, 其中水生昆虫居多(109种)。干流丰、枯水期底栖动物的密度和生物量都明显低于支流, 丰水期干支流底栖动物的密度和生物量都明显低于枯水期。安宁河支流全年优势种为四节蜉(Baetis sp.)、蚋(Simulium sp.)、高翔蜉(Epeorus sp.)、花翅蜉(Baetiella sp.)、扁襀(Peltoperlidae spp.)和小蜉(Ephemerella sp.)。安宁河支流底栖动物密度以12月最高, 7月最低; 生物量以1月最高, 7月最低。典范对应分析(CCA)分析结果显示, 影响丰水期安宁河底栖动物分布的关键环境因子为底质类型和海拔, 影响枯水期底栖动物分布的主要环境因子为流速、海拔和水温; 影响安宁河支流底栖动物群落结构周年变化的主要环境因子为水温与电导。研究为高海拔地区河流生物多样性研究和保护提供科学参考。     

拉萨河流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

2017年8月对拉萨河流域23个采样点的底栖动物群落和环境因子特征进行了调查,采集到大型底栖动物41属(种),其中水生昆虫35属(种),占85.4%;软体动物2属(种),占4.9%;环节动物3属(种),占7.3%;线形动物1属(种),占2.4%。各点位平均物种数为8种,优势种组成差别较大,优势种主要有四节蜉属(Baetis spp.)、大蚊属(Tipula sp.)、纹石蛾属(Hydopsychesp.)、短石蛾属(Brachycentrus sp.)、水丝蚓属(Limnodrilus sp.)、摇蚊属(Chironomus sp.)等,各采样点底栖动物平均密度为362只/m2。运用生物多样性指数分析底栖动物的群落结构,Marglef丰富度指数、香农威纳指数和均匀度指数平均值分别为1.18、1.32和0.49,生物多样性指数水平较低。采用均匀度指数法和底栖动物BI指数法进行了水质评价,两种评价结果显示分别有30.3%和56.5%的采样点水质为中污染至重污染状态。典范对应分析结果表明:影响拉萨河流域底栖动物群落的主要环境因子是海拔、化学需氧量、硫化物、p H值、总磷和总氮。     

渭河流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

于2011年10月对渭河流域45个采样点的大型底栖动物进行调查采样.共采集到大型底栖动物116属(种),其中水生昆虫91(属)种,占78.4％;软体动物12种,占10.3％;环节动物9种,占7.8％;甲壳动物4种,占3.4％.利用大型底栖动物的物种组成以及物种相对丰度数据,应用双向指示种分析和无偏对应分析将45个样点分为3组.第1组样点的指示物种为锯形蜉属1种(Serratella sp.)、纹石蛾属1种(Hydropsyche sp.)和朝大蚊属1种(Antochasp.);第2组样点指示物种为虻属1种(Tabanus sp.)、Alotanypus venustus、Pelecorhynchidae 1 种、Liodessus sp.和霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffineistteri);第3组指示物种为黑翅蜉(Ephemera nigroptera)和半球多脉扁螺(Polypylis hemisphaerula).典范对应分析表明,卵石+砾石型底质、流速、电导率、水深和总氮显著影响了渭河流域底栖动物群落的空间分布.     

新疆额尔齐斯河大型底栖动物的群落结构及水质生物学评价

新疆额尔齐斯河是中国唯一流入北冰洋的河流,整个流域有着极为丰富的底栖动物资源。2012年7月、8月、10月与2013年5月分别对额尔齐斯河干流、5条主要支流以及附属水库的大型底栖动物群落结构特征进行了调查。结果表明:共采集大型底栖动物117种,其中水生昆虫106种(90.6%),软体动物6种(5.1%),寡毛类3种(2.6%),其他大型底栖动物2种(1.7%);优势种主要为似动蜉(Cinygmula sp.)、四节蜉(Baetis sp.)、直突摇蚊(Orthocladius sp.)、蜉蝣科(Ephemeridae sp.)、多足摇蚊(Polypedilum sp.)、摇蚊(Apedilum sp.)、霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、短脉纹石娥(Cheumatopsyche sp.)、小蜉(Ephemerella sp.)、寡角摇蚊(Diamesa sp.);大型底栖动物的密度(P=0.558)与生物量(P=0.464)季节性差异不显著,年平均密度与生物量分别为519.05 ind·m-2、3.30g·m-2,大型底栖动物密度存在明显的空间差异,整体上上游(604.53 ind·m-2)高于下游(447.82 ind·m-2);大型底栖动物年平均Margalef指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数分别为1.12、0.53、0.65、0.52;聚类分析显示,多样性指数较低的185团北湾、布尔津河口、盐池、小635采样点聚为一类,其余各点聚为一类;利用科级生物指数(FBI)、Beck指数、Chandler生物记分制(CS)以及BMWP指数评价额尔齐斯河各段水质,整体上水质属轻度污染;Spearman相关性分析显示,水生昆虫的分布与水体透明度呈显著正相关,而寡毛类的分布与盐度、电导率和矿化度呈显著正相关,与电阻呈显著负相关,软体动物的分布与环境因子的关系不显著。     

新疆巩乃斯河枯、丰水期大型底栖动物群落结构与环境因子的关系

为探究新疆巩乃斯河的生态状况, 团队先后在2018年10月(枯水期)和2019年6月(丰水期)对大型底栖动物群落和环境因子进行了调查, 分析大型底栖动物群落结构、功能摄食类群、生活类型组成及其与环境因子的关系。研究河段共采集到大型底栖动物40种, 隶属3门4纲8目27科, 主要以节肢动物门为主, 其中直突摇蚊亚科(Orthocladiinae spp.)、长跗摇蚊族(Tanytansini sp.)、四节蜉属(Baeits sp.)、亚美蜉属(Ameletus sp.)和Cheilotrichia sp.是优势类群。经过分析发现枯、丰水期巩乃斯河大型底栖动物群落结构差异显著, T检验结果显示: 枯水期大型底栖动物群落的生物密度和物种丰富度显著低于丰水期(P<0.05), 两个时期大型底栖动物的生物多样性指数和均匀度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。巩乃斯河大型底栖动物功能摄食类群完整, 枯、丰水期均以收集者为主; 在生活类型方面, 枯水期时固着型动物最相对丰度最大为43.20%, 丰水期时蔓生型动物相对丰度最大为57.53%。经过对大型底栖动物和环境因子之间进行典范对应分析发现, 水温是影响巩乃斯河大型底栖动物群落变化的关键环境因子。研究成果可为巩乃斯河后续相关研究以及伊犁河水系生态保护提供基础数据支持及参考。     

长白山源头溪流底栖动物生活型及群落结构的时空特征

底栖动物是山地溪流生态系统的关键生物类群, 其群落组成结构与时空分布在很大程度上依赖于组成物种的生活型以及生活型构成。为认识我国高纬度地区山区底栖动物群落结构与环境的关系, 以长白山龙湾自然保护区的典型源头溪流为对象, 在春、夏、秋三个季节对五个断面进行定量样品采集, 结合溪流生境信息初步分析了源头溪流中不同生活型底栖动物的分布以及时空动态。共采集到底栖动物4525头, 隶属于5纲11目35科82属, 其中水生昆虫以78属占有绝对优势, 优势种类包括Oulimnius属一种、直突摇蚊亚科一种(Orthocladiinae sp.)、Podmosta属一种、纹石蛾一种(Hydropsyche sp)、弓石蛾一种(Arctopsyche sp.)和钩虾属一种(Gammarus sp.); 底栖动物的生活型相对丰度表现为固着型最高, 其次为蔓生型和穴居型, 游泳型最少, 分别为50%、25%、17%和8%; 人为活动显著降低了底栖动物的密度、多样性和物种丰富度, 其中固着型和蔓生型底栖动物反应最为敏感。因此, 在源头溪流, 人为干扰对底栖动物群落结构影响显著, 生活型组成较物种组成对干扰的响应更为敏感。      

黑竹冲河小裳蜉(Leptophlebia sp.)和蜉蝣(Ephemera sp.)周年生产量

大型底栖动物在河流生态系统中发挥着重要作用。2003年6月至2004年6月间对汉江流域2级河流--黑竹冲河大型底栖动物群落优势种类的生产力进行了为期一周年的调查研究。结果表明,主要优势种小裳蜉(Leptophlebia sp.)和蜉蝣(Ephemera sp.)的生活史均为一年两代,蜉蝣的两个代之间界限比较明显;小裳蜉成虫羽化主要发生在秋季和冬季,而蜉蝣成虫羽化主要发生在夏季和冬季。小裳蜉和蜉蝣种群的生物量和多度均出现两次峰值。采用体长频率法(size-frequencymethod)测算的周年生产量分别为:小裳蜉,38.0362g·m^-2·a^-1,P/B为11.4;蜉蝣,76.0318g·m^-2·a^-1,P/B为11.8。     

山地河流浅滩深潭生境大型底栖动物群落比较研究——以重庆开县东河为例

浅滩和深潭是山地河流中常见的河流生境结构。2011年7月,在重庆开县东河上游双河口-杉木桥河段,选择21个浅滩和深潭,调查大型底栖动物,研究影响不同生境中底栖动物组成、分布和多样性的生态机理。结果表明:调查河段浅滩和深潭中大型底栖动物分别为31种和24种,密度分别为450.62 个/m²和86.24 个/m²,生物量分别为2.88 g/m²和0.55 g/m²。浅滩有指示种11种,即纹石蛾(Hydropsyche sp.)、假蜉(Iron sp.)、假二翅蜉(Pseudocloeon sp.)、舌石蛾(Glossosoma sp.)、高翔蜉(Epeorus sp.1)、背刺蜉(Notacanthurus sp.)、Heterocloeon sp、锯形蜉(Serratella sp.)、朝大蚊(Antocha sp.)、等蜉(Isonychia sp.)、溪颏蜉(Rhithrogena sp.)。深潭指示种仅蜉蝣(Ephemera sp.)和黑大蚊(Hexatoma sp.)两种。刮食者为两类生境的优势功能摄食类群。浅滩中滤食者和刮食者比例显著高于深潭,而收集者和捕食者显著低于深潭。两类生境中大型底栖动物群落结构差异显著。浅滩中大型底栖动物的密度、生物量、丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener 指数、改进的Shannon-Wiener指数均明显高于深潭。受地貌形态、水力特征和冲淤变化规律影响的生境稳定性和异质性差异是导致大型底栖动物群落差异的主要原因。     

黄河主要水系水环境与底栖动物调查研究

2005年5月对黄河水系的42个采样点进行了水质与底栖动物的调查研究.调查结果表明,黄河水质总体污染严重,干流兰州段以上相对较好,但下游及支流水质污染严重.主要污染指标为总氮超标.在这些样点上共采到底栖动物90种,分属5门23科60属.其中,水生昆虫67种(74.4%),寡毛类15种(16.7%),软体动物5种(5.6%),甲壳动物与线形动物各一种(2.2%).物种组成上水生昆虫的摇蚊幼虫和寡毛类的水丝蚓为主要类群.在数量分布上,全流域底栖动物的平均密度为411.1 ind·m^-2,生物量为1520.1 mg·m^-2.干流密度与生物量(144.3ind·m^-2和151.6mg·m^-2)相对支流(1173.5 ind·m^-2和5430.1 mg·m^-2)明显偏低.与1958年和1982年的资料相比,所获得的物种数相近,但组成上有很大变化;而在密度生物量上,这次调查结果相对较低.     

三峡库区不同水文类型支流大型底栖动物对蓄水的响应

为探究三峡水库修建对库区不同水文类型支流大型底栖动物的影响,于2015年7月和2016年1月对三峡水库四条支流的大型底栖动物进行调研,分别对周期性受蓄水影响支流的非回水区与回水区和长期受蓄水影响支流的非回水区与回水区大型底栖动物群落结构进行比较研究,结果表明:⑴7月份三峡水库145米低水位时期共采集到底栖动物655头计59种(属),在受蓄水影响河段采集到底栖动物4种共40头,优势种为日本沼虾(占受蓄水影响区域的57.5%); 1月份三峡水库175米蓄水时期共采集到底栖动物1123头计69种(属),在受蓄水影响河段采集到16种238头,优势种为锯齿新米虾(占受蓄水影响区域的14.2%)。⑵周期性受蓄水影响支流的非回水区与回水区底栖动物密度、生物量和多样性指数无显著差异(P0.05);长期受蓄水影响支流的非回水区与回水区之间底栖动物密度和Pielou均匀度指数无显著差异(P0.05),但非回水区底栖动物生物量显著高于回水区(P0.05),底栖动物多样性和丰富度极显著高于回水区(P0.01)。⑶7月份影响底栖动物分布的主要环境因子共6个,分别是水深、流速、硝态氮、溶解氧、水温和电导率; 1月份影响底栖动物分布的主要环境因子共7个,分别是水温、溶解氧、总磷、流速、深度、电导率和透明度。     

Structure of Macroinvertebrate Communities in Relation to Environmental Variables in a Subtropical Asian River System

Subtropical Asian rivers support a highly diverse array of benthic macroinvertebrates. Yet, their biodiversity and functionality has been poorly investigated. We choose the Chishui River system, one of the largest un‐dammed, first level branches upstream of the Yangtze River, China, to: 1) determine the spatial pattern of macroinvertebrate diversity and community structure, and 2) examine the influence of variables at local habitat and basin scales on the distribution of macroinvertebrate communities. Samples were collected from 43 sites in spring of 2007. After Canonical Correspondence Analysis, two basin and five habitat variables were found to be significant predictors of the macroinvertebrate community structure. Variance partitioning analysis showed that habitat physical variables had a greater influence than other environmental variables in macroinvertebrate community, which suggested that preserving habitat, especially upstream, should be strongly considered in biological conservation. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Different roles of environmental variables and spatial factors in structuring stream benthic diatom and macroinvertebrate in Yangtze River Delta,China

Exploring the relative contribution of spatial factors and environmental variables in shaping communities is of widespread interest in biodiversity conservation and environmental management. Stream communities are hierarchically regulated by environmental variables over multiple spatial scales, and the reaction of different organisms to stressors are still equivocal. We sampled both macroinvertebrates and diatom at 80 sites and additional 10 sites for macroinvertebrates, field measured and laboratory analyzed environmental variables, from the tributaries of Qiantang River, Yangtze River Delta China in 2011. We used PCNM (principal coordinates of neighbor matrices) to generate spatial predictors. We applied redundancy analysis and variation partitioning procedures to identify key spatial and environmental factors, and to quantify their relative roles in shaping diatom and macroinvertebrate assemblages. Our results demonstrated the role of spatial and environmental variables differed in shaping benthic diatom and macroinvertebrate. Diatom assemblage variations were better explained by spatial factors, however macroinvertebrate assemblage variations were better explained by environmental variables. In terms of environmental variables, catchment scale variables (e.g., land use estimators, land use diversity) played the primary role in determining the patterns of both diatom and macroinvertebrate assemblages, whereas the influence of reach-scale variables (e.g., pH, substrates, and nutrients) appeared less. However, nutrients were the stronger factors influencing benthic diatom, whereas physical habitat (e.g., substrates) played more important role than water chemistry in structuring macroinvertebrates. Our results provided more evidence to the incorporation of spatial factors interpreting spatial patterns of stream organisms, and highlighted the useful of multiple organisms and environmental variables at different spatial scales in diagnosing mechanism of stream degradation and in building a sound stream conditions monitoring program for Yangtze River Delta.     

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities of intermittent streams in the middle reaches of the Guadiana Basin (Portugal)

The Guadiana River has an irregular hydrological regime, with severe droughts and floods, but little is known about how aquatic fauna respond to these natural events. Macroinvertebrate data and environmental information were collected at seven sites from three tributaries in the middle reaches of the Guadiana River, approximately every 3 months from April 1995 to April 1997. Despite considerable annual variation in discharge (related to duration of flood and drought periods), the number of macroinvertebrates found was consistently high. Diptera represented the major proportion of the benthic fauna (73.2%) followed by Ephemeroptera (10.3%), Coleoptera (4.1%) and Trichoptera (3.1%). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate the relationships between taxa density and habitat variables. Generally, Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera were found in the upstream sampling sites. Wider and deeper sites were associated with the presence of Diptera and were least diverse. High values for both the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the average score per taxon were usually found at upstream sites where Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera predominated. The data suggest that macroinvertebrates have a great capacity to recover rapidly from severe drought periods, both in terms of taxonomic diversity and number of individuals.     

松花江流域大型底栖动物群落结构与水质评价

【目的】松花江流域是中国最早的工业基地之一,其水生态环境遭到严重破坏,环境保护工作面临巨大挑战。开展松花江流域水质评价及典型生物类群多样性状况调查,可为松花江流域生态系统的保护和修复提供依据。【方法】于2016年7月调查整个松花江流域近岸的大型底栖动物群落组成和测定水质理化指标,开展其水质理化特征评价和生物指数评价,并探讨底栖动物群落分布与水环境因子间的关系。【结果】理化指标评价结果显示,南源松花江水质状况最差,处于中度污染;北源松花江处于轻度污染;梧桐河水质最好,处于良好状态。松花江流域3个河段的底栖动物群落结构存在空间差异性。另外,梧桐河的物种多样性最高,北源松花江次之,南源松花江最低。溶解氧和营养元素K的浓度是驱动底栖动物群落组成发生显著性差异的主要环境因子。生物指数评价结果显示,3个河段水质均处于轻度污染状态。【结论】松花江流域水质处于轻度到中度污染状态。有机污染是松花江流域面临的主要水质环境问题,对松花江流域底栖动物群落结构产生了显著影响。因此,控制有机质的输入是维持松花江流域水生态系统平衡的重要举措之一。     

Geometry of biodiversity patterning: assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates at tributary confluences

We assessed whether tributaries in upland catchments (=watersheds) affected assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates in mainstems, as has been reported in northern hemisphere systems. Eight confluences of small to medium streams (stream orders 1–4, 2.2–10.8 m wide) were studied in the Acheron River basin in Victoria, Australia. For each confluence, two transects were sampled at each of five zones relative to the confluence: two zones upstream in the mainstem, one zone upstream in the tributary, one zone at the confluence and one zone downstream in the mainstem. Surveys were conducted in both high-flow and low-flow conditions. In mainstems, there was no change in macroinvertebrate density, taxonomic richness or functional feeding group composition downstream relative to upstream of the confluences. While tributaries statistically had distinctive benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages compared to mainstems, these distinctions were small. In low flows, densities in tributaries were substantially lower than in mainstems, but densities during high flows were more similar (albeit only about one-third as high as in low flow) in tributaries and mainstems. An inverse pattern was evident for taxonomic richness, where richness in tributaries and mainstems was similar in low flows but was greater in mainstems than in tributaries in high flows. We found little evidence of tributary effects in macroinvertebrate assemblages in this basin, which is at odds with some previous results from other continents. To explain this divergence, we suggest a conceptual model outlining factors that control variation in effects of tributaries on assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates in mainstems.     

Relationships between stream macroinvertebrates and environmental variables at multiple spatial scales

1. Aquatic communities are structured by multiple forces, and identifying the driving factors over multispatial scales is an important research issue. The East Asian monsoon region is globally one of the richest environments in terms of biodiversity, and is undergoing rapid human development, yet the river ecosystems in this region have not been well studied. We applied a hierarchical framework to incorporate regional and local environmental effects on stream macroinvertebrate communities in this region. The knowledge gained is expected to improve the understanding of the importance of spatial scale on regional and local diversity in the East Asian monsoon region. 2. A national data set of benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental variables (geographical, land‐use, hydrological, substratum and physicochemical elements) in Korean rivers was used to determine the habitat preferences of macroinvertebrates. 3. Latitude, proportion of forest coverage, riffle habitat, silt substratum and temperature were the most important determinants for the ordinations of macroinvertebrate communities in each category evaluated by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The optimal habitats for stream macroinvertebrates are not the same for all species, and overall community metrics and abundance of sensitive species tended to be lower in open agricultural and urban streams than in forested streams. The sensitivity of mayflies and stoneflies to anthropogenic disturbances implicated them as good indicators to assess the effects of urban and agricultural activities. 4. A partial CCA was used to evaluate the relative importance of macrohabitat and microhabitat variables on community composition at three spatial scales (whole country, the large Han River basin and two small sub‐basins in the lowlands and highlands). The majority of community variation (17–22% for each environmental element) was explained by macrohabitat variables at the regional spatial scale. In contrast, large proportions (15–18%) were explained by microhabitat variables at the local spatial scale. 5. Our findings indicate that the relative importance of habitat scales should be determined by geographical size and that comprehensive understanding of multispatial scale patterns can be important for implementing sound biodiversity conservation programmes.     

永定河流域大型底栖动物群落分布格局及其影响因子

人类干扰造成了全球河流生态系统的普遍退化。流域尺度的水生生物分布特征及其影响因素研究对于河流生态系统的保护与恢复具有重要意义。本研究以永定河流域大型底栖动物群落为研究对象,分别于2017年春季(3月)、夏季(7月)、秋季(11月)开展全流域尺度的大型底栖动物调查。研究表明: 永定河流域以摇蚊科为主,优势类群包括直突摇蚊属、摇蚊属、雕翅摇蚊属以及多足摇蚊属。聚类分析表明,大型底栖动物群落结构存在显著的空间差异性,按照群落相似性可分为2组: 组1主要包含桑干河和东洋河水系,以直突摇蚊为主要优势种;组2主要包含洋河、妫水河以及永定河干流部分河段,以雕翅摇蚊为主要优势种。单因素方差分析表明,组2生物量、Shannon指数、Margalef指数、Pielou均匀度指数以及物种丰富度均显著高于组1,指示了该区域内更好的生态状况。大型底栖动物的季节差异显著,夏季的密度、生物量和各多样性指数均显著低于春季和秋季。典范对应分析显示,影响永定河大型底栖动物空间分布的环境因子主要包括水温、铵氮、pH、溶解氧和总磷。从水文因子的角度,流量和流速与主要生物参数存在显著相关性。组2中流速和流量与大型底栖动物密度和EPT%存在显著的正相关关系,表明急流生境有利于EPT(蜉蝣目、襀翅目、毛翅目)敏感类群的生存;但流量和流速与多样性指数呈负相关关系,表明过高流量和流速的生境条件不利于大型底栖动物多样性的维持。总之,水环境因子、水文因子都显示出了对大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性特征的影响,表明永定河流域生态系统受到多类型人为活动的影响。减少水质污染、适度恢复部分河段的流量是永定河流域生态系统修复的重要环节。     

基于周丛藻类的雅鲁藏布江流域水生态系统健康评价

为评估雅鲁藏布江流域水生态系统的健康状态, 研究于2013年10月、2014年4月和2014年7月, 在雅鲁藏布江流域干流及其4大支流上设置了26个采样点, 先对河流每个点位的海拔、坐标、河道底质类型及构成比例、河岸植被类型、水电工程等环境数据进行收集, 随后采集周丛藻类群落数据, 并在此基础上构建了周丛藻类生物完整性指数(P-IBI)评价指标体系, 结果显示: 调查期间, 雅鲁藏布江流域干支流共观察到周丛藻类7门10纲23目34科70属(种), 硅藻门(35.71%)、绿藻门(32.86%)和蓝藻门(20.00%)为前3个优势门类, 周丛藻类的优势种均属于硅藻门, 该水域属硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型水体。周丛藻类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的变幅为4.84—9.41, Pielou均匀度指数的变幅为2.41—4.80, 则表明雅鲁藏布江流域整体为轻污型-清洁型水体。周丛藻类的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数与P-IBI评价指标体系共同说明: 雅鲁藏布江流域干流上下游及其4大支流水生态系统的健康状态优于雅鲁藏布江流域干流中游的健康状态。研究雅鲁藏布江流域水生态系统周丛藻类的群落特征和水环境的健康状态, 一方面能为西藏土著鱼类食性、摄食机制等的研究提供饵料数据基础, 另一方面能对河流水生态系统的健康状况进行科学评价, 从而保障西藏水生态安全。