共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
植物衰老是由内在和外部环境因素所诱导和引起的一种主动过程 ,其中膜的劣变是这种过程早期的表现形式和基本特征。简要评述了膜系统对采后园艺作物的衰老作用。有证据表明膜系统破坏是采后园艺作物衰老的关键事件。膜脂生物化学和生物物理性质的变化、酶促和非酶促的过氧化作用导致了膜特性的改变和功能上的失调 (如离子泄漏和细胞去区域化 )。这样 ,反过来又进一步引起细胞代谢异常 ,并加速衰老进程。目前 ,膜系统对采后园艺作物衰老的作用过程正逐步得到阐明 相似文献
3.
乙烯受体抑制剂在园艺作物上的应用研究（综述） 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文从乙烯受体抑制剂的特性,作用特点及效应等方面,概述其在园艺作物上的研究进展和应用情况,并展望今后的研究方向。 相似文献
4.
Leonard H. Epstein Constance C. Gordy Hollie A. Raynor Marlene Beddome Colleen K. Kilanowski Rocco Paluch 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2001,9(3):171-178
Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of a parent‐focused behavioral intervention on parent and child eating changes and on percentage of overweight changes in families that contain at least one obese parent and a non‐obese child. Research Methods and Procedures: Families with obese parents and non‐obese children were randomized to groups in which parents were provided a comprehensive behavioral weight‐control program and were encouraged to increase fruit and vegetable intake or decrease intake of high‐fat/high‐sugar foods. Child materials targeted the same dietary changes as their parents without caloric restriction. Results: Changes over 1 year showed that treatment influenced targeted parent and child fruit and vegetable intake and high‐fat/high‐sugar intake, with the Increase Fruit and Vegetable group also decreasing their consumption of high‐fat/high‐sugar foods. Parents in the increased fruit and vegetable group showed significantly greater decreases in percentage of overweight than parents in the decreased high‐fat/high‐sugar group. Discussion: These results suggest that focusing on increasing intake of healthy foods may be a useful approach for nutritional change in obese parents and their children. 相似文献
5.
Ileana Vera‐Reyes Itandehui Juanita Erendira Esparza‐Arredondo Ricardo Hugo Lira‐Saldivar Carlos Alejandro Granados‐Echegoyen Rocío Alvarez‐Roman Alfonso Vsquez‐Lpez Gladys De los Santos‐Villarreal Enrique Díaz‐Barriga Castro 《Journal of Phytopathology》2019,167(7-8):461-469
In this research, the in vitro antimicrobial effect of zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs)—with average sizes of 20, 46 and 30 nm, respectively—on the root rot disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and on blight disease caused by the fungus Alternaria solani were studied. Also, bacterial diseases caused by Clavibacter michiganensis and Pseudomonas syringae that infects a wide range of plant species were assessed. Different concentrations of NPs (0, 100, 250, 500, 700 and 1,000 mg/L) were prepared on PDA agar or King's B medium in a complete randomized design with four replicates. According to the results, ZnO NPs exhibited an outstanding inhibitory effect against fungi and bacteria strains. The above results were associated with the smaller particle size. Fungi strains showed a differential sensitivity depending on the kind of NPs used. A. solani showed the highest sensitivity to ZnO NPs at 1,000 mg/L (99%), followed by CuO NPs at the same dose (95%). Fe2O3 NPs at all evaluated doses had no inhibitory effects on the mycelia growth of this strain, although F. oxysporum revealed greater effectiveness of the CuO NPs (96%) compared with ZnO NPs since it only inhibited 91% of the mycelial growth. The antibacterial activity was studied through optical density. C. michiganensis was found to be more sensitive to ZnO NPs because a lesser dose (700 mg/L) was required to reduce the bacterial growth (90%); in comparison, P. syringae required a dose of 1,000 mg/L to inhibit its growth (67%). CuO NPs displayed the smallest growth inhibition against the bacteria strains analysed. The antimicrobial effect of the metallic NPs that were assayed increased with higher doses. 相似文献
6.
7.
园艺作物成熟和衰老的分子生物学 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对园艺作物乙烯和果实成熟、乙烯生物合成途径中二个关键酶ACC合成酶和ACC氧化酶的分子特性,基因克隆和表达及转基因研究等方面问题进行了评述。 相似文献
8.
花青素是一类保护植物免受生物和非生物胁迫的重要次生代谢产物,因其赋予植物丰富的色彩和对人体的保健功能而受到广泛关注。花青素合成调控机理的相关研究是目前园艺作物分子生物学研究的前沿课题,对于园艺作物花青素含量的提高、种质品质的提升等具有重要的意义。结合国内外园艺作物中花青素生物合成调控方面的最新研究进展,介绍了环境因素、酶与激素、DNA甲基化与泛素化和调控基因等对花青素生物合成的作用,以及花青素抵御外界胁迫的功能机制,综述了近年来园艺作物中花青素生物合成调控的研究成果,以期利用基因工程为提升园艺作物的色彩丰富度提供理论参考。 相似文献
9.
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology - 相似文献
10.
适度加工果蔬褐变控制研究进展(综述) 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文简述适度加工果蔬酶促褐变的机理,着重论述控制酶促褐变的物理方法、化学方法、酶法以及基因工程改良技术等方面的研究进展, 相似文献
11.
1—MCP在园艺作物贮运保鲜上的应用研究现状（综述） 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
1－MCP（1－甲基环丙烯）是一种新型乙烯作用抑制剂,能有效地抑制植物对内源或外源乙烯的敏感性,在园艺商业上具有很大的潜在应用价值。本文综述1－MCP在水果、花卉、蔬菜贮运保鲜应用研究方面的进展及应注意的问题。 相似文献
12.
13.
Xiaohui Jiang Weiyi Zhang Alisdair R. Fernie Weiwei Wen 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2022,109(1):35-46
Horticultural crops mainly include fruits, vegetables, ornamental trees and flowers, and tea trees (Melaleuca alternifolia). They produce a variety of nutrients for the daily human diet in addition to the nutrition provided by staple crops, and some of them additionally possess ornamental and medicinal features. As such, horticultural crops make unique and important contributions to both food security and a colorful lifestyle. Under the current climate change scenario, the growing population and limited arable land means that agriculture, and especially horticulture, has been facing unprecedented challenges to meet the diverse demands of human daily life. Breeding horticultural crops with high quality and adaptability and establishing an effective system that combines cultivation, post-harvest handling, and sales becomes increasingly imperative for horticultural production. This review discusses characteristic and recent research highlights in horticultural crops, focusing on the breeding of quality traits and the mechanisms that underpin them. It additionally addresses challenges and potential solutions in horticultural production and post-harvest practices. Finally, we provide a prospective as to how emerging technologies can be implemented alongside interdisciplinary basic research to enhance our understanding and exploitation of horticultural crops. 相似文献
14.
15.
Malnutrition, poor health, hunger, and even starvation are still the world's greatest challenges. Malnutrition is defined as deficiency of nutrition due to not ingesting the proper amounts of nutrients by simply not eating enough food and/or by consuming nutrient-poor food in respect to the daily nutritional requirements. Moreover, malnutrition and disease are closely associated and incidences of such diet-related diseases increase particularly in low- and middle-income states. While foods of animal origin are often unaffordable to low-income families, various neglected crops can offer an alternative source of micronutrients, vitamins, as well as health-promoting secondary plant metabolites. Therefore, agricultural and horticultural research should develop strategies not only to produce more food, but also to improve access to more nutritious food. In this context, one promising approach is to promote biodiversity in the dietary pattern of low-income people by getting access to nutritional as well as affordable food and providing recommendations for food selection and preparation. Worldwide, a multitude of various plant species are assigned to be consumed as grains, vegetables, and fruits, but only a limited number of these species are used as commercial cash crops. Consequently, numerous neglected and underutilized species offer the potential to diversify not only the human diet, but also increase food production levels, and, thus, enable more sustainable and resilient agro- and horti-food systems. To exploit the potential of neglected plant (NP) species, coordinated approaches on the local, regional, and international level have to be integrated that consequently demand the involvement of numerous multi-stakeholders. Thus, the objective of the present review is to evaluate whether NP species are important as “Future Food” for improving the nutritional status of humans as well as increasing resilience of agro- and horti-food systems. 相似文献
16.
Ingrid Žitňanová Silvia Ranostajová Hana Sobotová Denisa Demelová Ivan Pecháň Zdeňka Ďuračková 《Biologia》2006,61(3):279-284
Recent studies have demonstrated that dietary plants are rich source of antioxidants and can contribute to the protection from age-related diseases. The aim of our study was to determine the total antioxidant capacity of extracts from different kinds of fruits and vegetables, and to examine their inhibitory effect on the oxidative damage to proteins in vitro. For determination of antioxidant capacity we used two direct methods. Among the food materials chosen for the present study, blueberries and red beets gave the maximum antioxidant activity. The lowest activity was determined in pears and green beans. Some extracts were more active in one method, while their activity was lower using the other method. To investigate inhibitory effects of fruits and vegetables extracts on the oxidative damage to proteins in vitro, we induced the oxidative damage to plasma proteins by sodium hypochlorite leading to formation of carbonyl compounds detected by spectrophotometric method. All extracts of fruits and vegetables showed inhibitory activity on the oxidative damage to proteins with raspberries and leek as most effective. Results of this study will be useful as an aid for dietary choices to increase antioxidant intake and will allow the investigation of the relation between dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress-induced diseases. 相似文献
17.
JAVIER TARDÍO MANUEL PARDO-DE-SANTAYANA RAMÓN MORALES 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2006,152(1):27-71
This paper compiles and evaluates the ethnobotanical data currently available on wild plants traditionally used for human consumption in Spain. Forty-six ethnobotanical and ethnographical sources from Spain were reviewed, together with some original unpublished field data from several Spanish provinces. A total of 419 plant species belonging to 67 families was recorded. A list of species, plant parts used, localization and method of consumption, and harvesting time is presented. Of the seven different food categories considered, green vegetables were the largest group, followed by plants used to prepare beverages, wild fruits, and plants used for seasoning, sweets, preservatives, and other uses. Important species according to the number of reports include: Foeniculum vulgare , Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum , Origanum vulgare , Rubus ulmifolius , Silene vulgaris , Asparagus acutifolius , and Scolymus hispanicus . We studied data on the botanical families to which the plants in the different categories belonged, overlapping between groups and distribution of uses of the different species. Many wild food plants have also been used for medicinal purposes and some are considered to be poisonous. This review highlights the rich traditional knowledge on edible plants that has remained in rural Spain. Until recently, many wild plants were used as dietary supplements. However, most of this knowledge survives only in the memory of the elderly, and will probably disappear in a few decades. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 152 , 27–71. 相似文献
18.
中国水果和蔬菜昆虫授粉的经济价值评估 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
水果和蔬菜是二大类最主要的虫媒作物, 在农业生产中占据十分重要的地位, 但是近几十年来授粉昆虫在多国出现了不同程度的下降, 影响了农业生产的经济效益。为了明确中国主要授粉昆虫的现状以及昆虫授粉在中国水果和蔬菜生产中的经济地位, 本文分析了1961-2009年间中国主要授粉昆虫蜜蜂的数量动态以及水果和蔬菜种植的变化特征; 并以2008年种植的与人类食品密切相关的44种水果和蔬菜为研究对象, 引入农作物对昆虫授粉的依赖性参数, 应用生物经济学的方法评估了昆虫授粉对中国水果和蔬菜产生的经济价值。结果表明: 1961-2009年的49年之间, 中国主要授粉昆虫蜜蜂蜂群数量增加了161%, 水果和蔬菜种植面积增加了472%, 产量增加了833%。中国水果和蔬菜中虫媒作物产量的提高, 与作物种植面积的增长密切相关（r=0.995, P<0.01）, 也与主要授粉昆虫蜜蜂蜂群数量增加有关（r=0.804, P<0.01）。2008年昆虫授粉对中国水果和蔬菜产生的经济价值为521.7亿美元, 占44种水果和蔬菜总产值的25.5%。水果类对昆虫授粉的依赖程度较高, 授粉产生的经济价值大于蔬菜类。在昆虫授粉的贡献中, 苹果、西瓜、梨、芒果和李占据前5位。昆虫授粉对中国水果和蔬菜产生的经济价值十分巨大, 中国水果和蔬菜对昆虫授粉的依赖程度超过15.9%的全球平均水平。随着中国水果和蔬菜种植面积的持续增长, 中国需要更多的授粉昆虫为其提供授粉服务。 相似文献
19.
Earl S. Ford Ali H. Mokdad Wayne H. Giles Deborah A. Galuska Mary K. Serdula 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2005,13(1):118-122
Objective: To examine the variation in the prevalences of obesity and type 2 diabetes in weight loss counseling by health providers and in other potential obesity‐related determinants in 100 metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. Research Methods and Procedures: We performed a cross‐sectional study using data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the largest telephone survey of health behaviors in the United States, of age‐adjusted prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, intake of ≥five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, participation in 150 minutes of leisure‐time physical activity per week, receipt of weight management advice, and reports of trying to lose or maintain weight among men and women more than 18 years old. Results: The age‐adjusted prevalence of obesity ranged from 13.1% to 30.0% and that of type 2 diabetes from 3.3% to 9.2%. Among participants who had visited a physician for a routine checkup in the previous 12 months, 13.1% to 27.1% of all participants recalled receiving advice from a health professional about their weight, and 11.7% to 34.6% of overweight or obese participants recalled receiving advice to maintain or lose weight. Discussion: Significant differences in the prevalence of obesity and self‐reported type 2 diabetes and in medical practice patterns regarding weight management advice exist among metropolitan statistical areas. These results suggest important opportunities to investigate reasons for these variations that could potentially be used to mitigate the current epidemic of obesity and to identify areas where obesity and diabetes prevention efforts may need to be targeted. 相似文献
20.
为科学评价食用菌与果蔬两类食材的营养特征与口感风味,本研究选取4种常见食用菌（金针菇、斑玉蕈、香菇、双孢蘑菇）和4种常见果蔬（苹果、香蕉、胡萝卜、番茄）,采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定其游离氨基酸,系统比较了两类食材的游离氨基酸组分比例及呈味特征。主成分和聚类分析表明 4种食用菌和4种果蔬显著分为两类,食用菌类游离氨基酸总量平均是果蔬类的3倍以上,4种食用菌中各游离氨基酸的比例均衡。4种食用菌的必需氨基酸/(必需氨基酸+非必需氨基酸)在40%左右,必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸接近或大于60%,均接近理想值。4种食用菌所含的呈味氨基酸（鲜味、甜味、芳香族、苦味）均是4种果蔬的2倍以上,TAV值最显著的是：谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、缬氨酸、精氨酸和丙氨酸。这些氨基酸分属在五大氨基酸家族,在食用菌与果蔬中代谢途径相同;只有赖氨酸在二者中的合成途径不同。结果表明供试的食用菌比果蔬有优质的氨基酸比例和丰富的呈味组分,此差异体现在众多氨基酸的代谢层面,而非个别氨基酸导致。 相似文献