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1.
为摸清广州市植物资源状况及生态环境变化动态,对广州市的维管植物和生物多样性热点区域的植被群落进行了调查和比较分析.在种类方面,共记录到广州市维管植物230科1362属3508种,其中石松类和蕨类植物25科78属174种,裸子植物8科20属34种,被子植物197科1264属3300种;属于国家重点保护野生植物的有20种,...  相似文献   

2.
北京南海子麋鹿苑鸟类多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
城市公园及城市其他自然保护地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,是城市鸟类最主要的栖息场所。城市化进程对城市的自然景观和生态系统造成很大影响,鸟类生存空间不断缩小,其群落结构受到影响。南海子麋鹿苑周边正在经历快速城市化,为了摸清该地区鸟类群落组成及多样性,自2014年10月起对研究区野生鸟类种类、数量和分布特点进行连续调查,共记录鸟类18目、49科、156种;其中,国家II级重点保护鸟类16种。鸟类优势种随年份变化和季节变化不一,总体来看,绿头鸭、灰喜鹊、喜鹊、[树]麻雀等留鸟为研究区优势种。研究区鸟类Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数呈现2018年>2017年>2016年>2015年的变化规律;鸟类Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数呈现秋季>夏季>春季>冬季的变化规律。同时,探讨了影响鸟类多样性的因素,提出连通城市绿地,打通动物迁徙通道;坚持山水林田湖草理念,创造多样的景观;对野生动物重点保护区域限制人类活动,保护野生鸟类生境等建议。  相似文献   

3.
广州市不同城市化发展区域蝶类多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
2005~2006年,对广州地区4个不同城市化发展区域(森林区、农田区、城市区、沿海湿地区)的蝶类进行6次调查,共统计到10科46属73种.森林区科、属、物种和个体数目都最多,沿海湿地区各项数量指标都最小,农田区的个体数量大于城市区,但科、属和物种数却与城市区差异不大.多样性分析结果表明,森林区的种类丰度、多样性指数最高,沿海湿地区的种类丰度和多样性指数最低;均匀度大小依次为沿海湿地区﹥农田区﹥森林区﹥城市区;优势度指数大小依次为沿海湿地区﹥城市区﹥农田区﹥森林区.相似性分析结果表明,森林区和农田区具有的相同物种数最多,相似性系数最高;沿海湿地区和森林区、农田区、城市区具有的相同物种数都较少,相似性系数也较低.  相似文献   

4.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Anthropogenic noise is becoming more prevalent in the world and has been shown to affect many animal species, including birds. The impact of such noise was measured in Neotropical urban parks to assess how the noise affects avifauna diversity and species richness. We sampled bird species, and concurrently measured sound pressure (noise) levels (Leq, equivalent noise levels) in eight urban green areas or parks located in a large city (Belo Horizonte) in south‐eastern Brazil over a 1‐year period. The diversity of sampled points was measured by means of total species richness, Fisher's alpha and Shannon–Wiener diversity indices. Noise levels within all parks were greater than those in natural areas. We found that an increase in noise levels and the area of open habitats surrounding sampling points were negatively related to species richness. Social factors reflecting increased urbanization, such as higher incomes, were also negatively correlated with bird species richness. However, noise was the factor that explained most of the variance. These results suggest that anthropogenic noise can have a significant negative impact on the conservation value of urban parks for bird species.  相似文献   

5.
韦光富  包玉  王志泰  陈信同  于子涵  葛虹艺 《生态学报》2022,42(24):10011-10028
为探讨城市遗存山体植物多样性的斑块效应,以贵阳市建成区城市遗存山体为研究对象,采用单因素方差分析和最小显著性差异法(LSD),比较不同山体以及坡向、坡位的植物多样性差异,通过Spearman相关分析法,分析城市遗存山体植物多样性指数与城市遗存山体斑块指数之间的关系。结果表明:除地表粗糙度(SR)和分维数(Fd)指数外,23个城市遗存山体的斑块特征指标斑块面积(Pa)、表面积(Sa)、斑块形状指数(PSI)、破碎度(F)、相对高度(Rh)、平均坡度(As)、平面曲率(Hc)和剖面曲率(Pc)等指数差异比较大;不同城市遗存山体的植物群落整体植物、乔木层、灌木层和草本层的多样性指数均有显著差异。植物多样性各指数均与城市遗存山体的斑块特征指数F、Hc、Pc、Hc、Pa和Sa有相关性,与Rh、Fd、SR、PSI和As指数相关性不显著;不同坡位植物多样性各指数与城市遗存山体斑块指数响应强度由高到低顺序为山顶>山脚>山腰。不同坡向的植物多样性指数与城市遗存山体斑块指数响应强度由高到低顺序为西坡>北坡>南坡>东坡。总体而言,城市遗存山体的植物群落物种多样性存在斑块效应,城...  相似文献   

6.
深圳马峦山华南紫萁群落及其物种多样性特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对深圳马峦山地区华南紫萁占优势的植物群落进行研究,结果表明:华南紫萁群落中共有维管植物48科69属82种,种类组成具有明显的南亚热带性质;年龄结构显示群落的主要优势种属于稳定型种群,群落总体处于稳定状态;群落的频度指数规律为A>B<C>D>E,与RaunKiaer频度定律、海南岛山地雨林优势种群的频度规律等不相符合;华南紫萁种群树高和个体数百分比显示,种群高度0.3~0.7 m植株占比例较大,种群处于旺盛发展期;物种多样性指数为SP=16.42,SW=4.56,均匀度指数为E=0.33,E′=0.83,群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均较高,接近典型南亚热带常绿阔叶林顶极群落类型。本研究揭示了华南紫萁野外生存状态,为该种的保护和利用提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

7.
鸟撞是指鸟类与人造设施相撞而导致鸟类受伤或死亡的现象,在城市中比较常见的是建筑引起的鸟撞.对福田红树林生态公园科普展馆两侧玻璃幕墙进行了一年的鸟撞监测后,我们使用点状贴纸对凹面玻璃幕墙进行干预,并开展了后续两年的鸟撞监测.结果显示,干预前凹面玻璃幕墙发生鸟撞11次,干预后每年发生鸟撞2次.凸面玻璃幕墙未做干预,每年均发生鸟撞1或2次.发生鸟撞的鸟种中以迁徙鸟类为主,主要发生月份为秋季.综合生态公园科普展馆鸟撞情况和环境特征监测发现,季节、建筑物特征、玻璃幕墙周围的植被和天气均可能对鸟撞产生影响.  相似文献   

8.
    
Although it is clear that mangrove (MG) forests have a positive effect on macrobenthos diversity in wetland ecosystems, these effects are not very clear under the condition of severe water pollution. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of MG forests on macrobenthos diversity under severe water pollution in Shenzhen Bay, where water quality is strongly affected by industry and urbanization. For this purpose, we carried out a field study from December 2009 to July 2011 in the MG wetland in Shenzhen Bay, the only MG wetland located near a metropolis in mainland China. Samples were taken monthly from four habitats, namely, a reed fish pond, Gei wai ponds, mudflats and an MG forest. The results show that the seawater in all four habitats is severely polluted, and the total N, NO3‐N, total phosphate, Cd, Pb and chemical oxygen demand are well over the Chinese national class IV level. The high level of organics (chemical oxygen demand and soil organic matter) and nutrients (nitrate nitrogen) has a significant positive influence (P < 0.05) on the density and biomass of macrobenthos but a negative influence (P < 0.05) on the diversity of the macrobenthos community. Despite the fact that the levels of organics and nutrients were also high in the MG habitat, the species biodiversity was also the most abundant of the four investigated habitats. This suggests that MG habitats have a remarkable positive effect on maintaining biological diversity compared with other habitats. Therefore, we suggest that efforts should be made to strengthen the protection of MG forests to maintain their biological diversity and promote a healthy ecological system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
This paper presents the results of interviews and a questionnaire study on public knowledge of the concept of biodiversity and of plant species richness in Switzerland. Despite its extensive use in science and policy making, the concept of biodiversity is not widely recognized or known to people in Switzerland. Overall, 60% of all study participants (161 grammar school pupils, 110 non-graduates, and 96 graduates in the Canton of Zurich) had never heard the term biodiversity, while the others had come across it primarily in the media. Few study participants considered their school education a relevant source of information about biodiversity. Study participants most frequently referred to the diversity of plants and animals when defining biodiversity, but also quite often believed that biodiversity had something to do with ecological concepts such as the equilibrium between all components of nature. Both young people and adults held widely inaccurate ideas of the plant species richness of communities. Particularly for Switzerland, plant species richness was strongly overestimated.
Petra Lindemann-MatthiesEmail:
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10.
秦佩恒  武剑峰  刘雅琴  曾辉 《生态学报》2006,26(11):3796-3803
以深圳市宝安区为工作区,利用基于1988,2003年期间的3景TM卫星影像数据得到的景观分类制图和DEM、道路等GIS数据,通过构建一个涵盖高程、道路和建设用地密度影响的综合可达性评估指数,研究了工作区内景观可达性动态特征及其对林地植被变化的影响。结果表明:(1)研究时段内工作区景观整体可达性程度显著提高,低水平可达性区域面积比重显著下降,中、高水平可达性区域面积比重普遍提高;(2)全区林地面积比重下降了10%以上,低水平可达性区域内林地比重受建设用地扩张影响持续下降,中、高水平可达性区间的林地面积比重则因城市生态建设工作逐步受到重视而呈先降后升的变化格局,表明快速城市化地区林地动态变化不仅受道路、高程及建设用地扩展影响,政府政策性调控也起到了重要的作用。  相似文献   

11.
鼎湖山植物物种多样性动态   总被引:29,自引:3,他引:29       下载免费PDF全文
鼎湖山自然保护区于1982年分别在针叶林、针阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林内建立了3个永久样地。样地建立前,针叶林常受到人类的干扰,其它2种一直受到较好的保护。本文植物物种动态的研究和分析基于对3个样地在1982年和1994年的两次调查。结果表明,物种多样性的顺序是阔叶林>混交林>针叶林。就乔木(DBH>2.5cm)而言,3个样地的物种多样性和均匀度指数从1982年至1994年都已增长。除阔叶林外,两次调查的结果差别很大,这是因为在保护之下它们正产生进展演替。至于林下层植物则正好相反,除阔叶林外,针阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林的多样性及均匀度指数均下降。物种的丰富度和个体数的变化同多样性指数变化一致。物种的组成变化符合演替规律,随着针叶林发展成为混交林,混交林发展成为阔叶林,其林冠变得较为密集,因而有更多的耐阴植物侵入,而一些喜光(不耐阴的)种消失。研究结果表明,人类的干扰将降低植物的物种多样性,而保护将使物种多样性得到恢复和提高。  相似文献   

12.
中卫山羊核心产地种子植物生活型和区系地理特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对中卫山羊的核心产区——宁夏香山荒漠草原区的植物物种生活型和区系地理特征进行初步统计,结果表明所有调查的种子植物区系组成具有明显的温带性质,并且植物区系地理成分组成的脆弱性是本地植物区系的显著特点。植物生态、生活型中以地面芽植物、旱生及一年生植物较多,体现了干旱环境、山地微地形及长期的放牧干扰下物种种系发育的特征。  相似文献   

13.
    
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14.
Patterns of hard coral and sea urchin assemblage structure (species richness, diversity, and abundance) were studied in Kenyan coral reef lagoons which experienced different types of human resource use. Two protected reefs (Malindi and Watamu Marine National Parks) were protected from fishing and coral collection, but exposed to heavy tourist use. One reef (Mombasa MNP) received protection from fishermen for one year and was exploited for fish and corals prior to protection and was defined as a transitional reef. Three reefs (Vipingo, Kanamai, and Diani) were unprotected and experienced heavy fishing and some coral collection. Protected and unprotected reefs were distinct in terms of their assemblage structure with the transitional reef grouping with unprotected reefs based on relative and absolute abundance of coral genera. Protected reefs had slightly higher (p<0.01) coral cover (23.6 ± 8.3 % ± S.D.) than unprotected reefs (16.7 ± 8.5), but the transitional reef had the highest coral cover (30.8 ± 6.4) which increased by 250% since measured in 1987: largely attributable to a large increase inPorites nigrescens cover. Protected reefs had higher coral species richness and diversity and a greater relative abundance ofAcropora, Montipora andGalaxea than unprotected reefs. The transitional reef had high species richness, but lower diversity due to the high dominance ofPorites. Sea urchins showed the opposite pattern with highest diversity in most unprotected reefs. Coral cover, species richness, and diversity were negatively associated with sea urchin abundance, but the relative abundance ofPorites increased with sea urchin abundance to the point wherePorites composed >90% of the coral cover at sites with the highest sea urchin abundance. Effects of coral overcollection was only likely for the genusAcropora (staghorn corals). A combination of direct and indirect effects of human resource use may reduce diversity, species richness, and abundance of corals while increasing the absolute abundance of sea urchins and the relative cover ofPorites.  相似文献   

15.
Over fifty years of research data from various sources were compiled and analyzed in order to determine the effect of urbanization on centipede diversity in the Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowlands of western Poland. Urbanization has had a significant effect on species composition and community structures. However, it has not reduced overall species richness and diversity in the centipede fauna. The centipede fauna from built-up areas was found to be rich and varied. The habitats with the highest levels of species richness were the city of Poznań and the beech forests in the surrounding region.  相似文献   

16.
城市化是全球变化的重要事件之一。城市化导致环境快速变化, 加速了城市生物的进化过程, 重塑了群落结构和种间互作关系。本文从群落、种群、个体3个水平综述了城市化对动物的影响, 总结了研究的热点和不足, 并对相关研究领域提出展望。目前相关研究主要以不透水面积比例或者城郊梯度来反映城市化水平, 以空间代替时间, 对比研究城市化下动物群落的物种组成和多样性, 动物种群的数量和遗传结构, 动物的性状、物候和行为等方面的变化。研究多集中在描述性对比分析, 深入的机制研究以及实用性的应用研究还相对缺乏。因此, 今后研究应该结合现象观察, 利用控制实验寻找城市化中影响不同动物的关键因子, 并利用分子手段探讨城市动物进化的分子遗传基础; 特别关注城市中灰色栖息地的适应物种, 它们往往与人类、宠物和食物等相关, 对其进行研究有助于预测城市化对动物甚至人类健康的影响; 由于复杂的种间互作网络在一定程度上可缓冲动物数量变化和行为改变对传粉、种子扩散、害虫防治等生态服务功能的影响, 因此应加强研究城市化对群落中多营养级网络的影响; 最终将动物多样性研究以及遗传结构等基础研究推广到城市生态规划与修复等应用方面。  相似文献   

17.
The habitat selection and the factors influencing the distribution of the House Sparrow Passer domesticus in the municipality of Valencia (76 km2) were studied during the winter and breeding season. House Sparrows positively selected urban parks and gardens, patches of derelict land and horticultural fields; they avoided the built-up habitat and the orange groves. In the urban landscape, the abundance of sparrows peaked in areas providing intermediate cover of the built-up habitat; it was positively driven by the amount of park land per unit area, and negatively by the size of urban parks. Our results suggest that the conservation and habitat enhancement of even the smallest parks and gardens are likely key factors in addressing the decline of the House Sparrow in many cities.  相似文献   

18.
黄林娟  于燕妹  安小菲  余林兰  薛跃规 《生态学报》2022,42(24):10264-10275
以天坑内部-边缘-外部森林植物群落为研究对象,通过调查植物的群落结构、叶功能性状,探究天坑内外森林植物群落叶功能性状、物种多样性和功能多样性变化特征及其内在关联,为深入了解负地形森林生态系统的功能和恢复退化喀斯特地区的植被提供一定参考。研究结果如下:(1)比叶面积(SLA: 198.75 cm2/g))、叶面积(LA: 42.70 cm2)、叶磷含量(LPC: 1.70 g/kg)和叶钾含量(LKC: 10.27 g/kg)在天坑内部最高,叶组织密度(LTD: 0.32 g/cm3)和叶干物质含量(LDMC: 0.41 g/g)在天坑外部最高,天坑内外森林均易受到磷限制,表明随天坑内部-边缘-外部生境变化,植物对环境的适应机制和生存策略发生了部分调整,物种的防御策略增强,生长投入策略减弱。(2)Shannon-Wiener指数(2.82)、Simpson指数(0.92)和Pielou’s均匀度指数(0.87)均以天坑外部最高,功能丰富度(1.05)、功能离散度(1.88)和Rao’s二次熵(4.52)以天坑内部最高,表明随天坑内部-边缘-外部生境的变化,植物功能性状的差异减少,物种分布及其功能性状分布总体上更为均匀、物种数量增多。(3)物种多样性指数之间、功能多样性指数之间存在较强的相关性,表明物种多样性指数之间、功能多样性指数之间存在不同的制约关系。(4)叶功能性状与物种多样性、功能多样性的相关性强,物种多样性和功能多样性之间相关性较弱,表明叶性状对生态学过程的变化较为敏感,叶功能性状与物种多样性之间存在较强的耦合关系。  相似文献   

19.
 对不同海拔梯度高寒草甸群落植物多样性和初级生产力关系的研究结果表明:1)不同海拔梯度上,中间海拔梯度群落植物多样性最高,即物种丰富度、均匀度和多样性最大;2)不同海拔梯度上,群落生产力水平和物种丰富度中等时,物种多样性最高;3)随着海拔的逐渐升高,地上生物量逐渐减少;4)地下生物量具有“V”字形季节变化规律,在牧草返青期和枯黄期地下生物量最大,7月最小,且地下生物量主要分布在0~10 cm的土层中。地下生物量垂直分布呈明显的倒金字塔特征。  相似文献   

20.
城市化对土壤环境的影响   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
廖金凤 《生态科学》2001,20(1):91-95
城市化对土壤环境产生深刻的影响,城市污水灌溉、工业废气和汽车废气、城市生活垃圾等都会改变土壤的理化性质。防治土壤污染、改善城市土壤环境,必须工业合理布局,治理工业污染源,加强农业环境的监测等。  相似文献   

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