病证结合的功能性消化不良动物模型的研究进展

功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia, FD)是以胃和十二指肠区域功能障碍为主的非器质性疾病，中医学将其归为“痞满”和“胃脘痛”等范畴，并分为脾虚气滞、肝郁(肝胃不和、肝郁脾虚、肝郁气滞)、脾胃湿热、脾胃虚寒(弱)与寒热错杂等证型。中医药治疗FD效果明显且接受度高，而病证结合的动物模型是开展相关研究的基础和前提。因此，本文对现有的FD病证结合动物模型的研究进行整理和归纳，对具体造模方式和评价指标的选择原因进行探讨，同时提出目前研究的不足之处，以期为今后FD病证结合动物模型的研究提供支持。     

胃溃疡中医证候动物模型研究进展

胃溃疡是一种常见的消化系统疾病,中医药治疗该病效果显著,但其治疗机制至今尚未明确。建立一套科学客观的胃溃疡中医证候动物模型及模型评价体系,对促进中医药在此领域的发展以及进一步的研究具有重大意义。笔者对近10年中医药治疗胃溃疡相关文献进行整理,总结和分析了胃溃疡中医证候动物模型的制作与评价方法,对肝胃不和证、脾胃湿热证、胃络瘀阻证、脾胃虚寒证、胃阴不足证、肝郁脾虚证等动物模型的制作方法进行总结,发现目前的胃溃疡动物模型存在中医辨证分型不够统一、造模思路与证型局限、造模方法标准不一、模型病证结合不紧密、模型评价体系不规范等问题,并提出模型改进意见,以期为此领域的研究提供参考。     

心气虚病证动物模型及其评价体系的构建

目的　研究心气虚病证动物模型及其评价体系的构建。方法　移植心肌梗塞致心力衰竭大鼠的制作模型 ,运用中西医结合虚证和血瘀证的全国统一诊断标准、将其定性的问诊内容代以定量的同等意义的指标测试进行心气虚证动物模型评价。结果　本研究制作的动物模型再现了从一个正常大鼠→以血瘀为主要损伤→形成心气虚证的过程 ;心气虚证动物模型具有时相性、功能性和与功能相关的组织结构物质性改变。结论　将中西医临床和或基础研究中规范的、成熟的、统一的方法和标准引入中医动物模型的研究 ,并注重吸取中医已取得的临床经验和研究成果 ,是指导中医病证动物模型建立的基本思路     

多因素复合制作气虚血瘀证脑缺血动物模型的实验研究

目的通过复制气虚血瘀证型大鼠脑缺血动物模型,探索病证结合动物模型制作方法.方法选用老年Wistar大鼠,采用饥饿、疲劳、寒湿、惊恐、高脂饮食等多因素复合方法复制气虚血瘀证动物模型,采用双侧颈总动脉结扎复制脑缺血动物模型.结果通过对一般体征和微观指标的观测,发现模型大鼠基本符合中医气虚血瘀证候特点和现代医学脑缺血病理变化规律.[HTH〗结论多因素复合作用可成功复制病证结合动物模型,本动物模型有可能成为将来中医药防治脑缺血科研工作的实验基础.     

病证结合肝癌动物模型研究现状

病证结合肝癌动物模型体现肝癌病与证的紧密联系,符合中医理论和临床实践,为中医药抗肝癌实验研究提供了中医理论基础,在肝癌疾病动物模型的基础上,复制具有中医证侯特征的病证结合动物模型,选择对证治疗药物,从方证对应的角度着手用药,可以深入系统地阐明中药复方治疗肝癌的体内作用机制,为找寻肝癌中医证的实质提供新的方案和手段,已成为中医肝癌实验动物模型发展的新方向.本文对病证结合肝癌动物模型的研究现状进行综述.     

优化胶粘贴法建立裸鼠胃癌原位种植模型

目的通过对两种胶粘贴法建立的胃癌原位种植动物模型的比较研究,为探讨胃癌的发病机制和实验治疗提供理想的动物模型。方法用OB胶和FS生物蛋白胶法分别建立胃癌原位种植动物模型,观察和比较两种方法所建立的模型肿瘤生长状况、转移情况和形态学变化。结果FS生物蛋白胶组未出现肿瘤大片坏死,腹水形成率为85.7%,幽门梗阻发生率为57.1%;而OB胶组肿瘤大片坏死发生率为100%,腹水形成率为14.3%,未出现幽门梗阻。FS生物蛋白胶组有三例出现了肺和脑转移。结论FS生物蛋白胶法建立的裸鼠胃癌原位种植动物模型能更好的模拟人胃癌患者的临床过程,为研究人胃癌转移机制和实验治疗提供理想的动物模型。     

小鼠体内血栓形成动物模型的建立及在抗血栓药物筛选中的 …

建立一种无创性小鼠体内血栓动物模型并于多种抗栓药物的药效观察。方法：用角叉菜胶建立了小鼠体内血栓动物模型。利用此模型观察潘生丁片,抗栓胶囊、复方丹参注射液、央求地血栓和的影响。结果及结论：用角叉菜胶建立的小鼠体内血栓动物模型,无创伤性、操作简易方便。并可应用于多种抗血栓药物的药效观察,剂量的选择,药物的筛选。     

系统表达HB-EGF转基因小鼠的建立

目的建立系统表达肝素结合性表皮生长因子（HB-EGF）的转基因动物模型,利用转基因动物模型研究HB-EGF与组织纤维化的关系。方法RT-PCR法克隆小鼠HB-EGF基因,将其插入Chickenβ-actin启动子下游,构建Chickenβ-actin-HB-EGF表达载体,利用显微注射的技术把表达载体注射到受精卵的雄原核中,建立HB-EGF转基因小鼠。利用特异引物PCR的方法鉴定转基因的基因型,采用Western Blot方法鉴定HB-EGF基因在全身组织的表达。分别取HB-EGF转基因鼠与同窝阴性小鼠的肝、肾、肺及膀胱组织进行Massion染色。结果建立了系统表达HB-EGF转基因小鼠,Western Blot发现其HB-EGF在肝、肺、肾及膀胱的表达与同窝阴性对照小鼠相比明显增加。Massion染色结果表明转基因鼠肝、肺、肾及膀胱组织纤维化程度明显高于同窝阴性对照小鼠。结论成功建立了系统表达HB-EGF转基因小鼠,HB-EGF的过度表可显著加重组织纤维化程度。     

小鼠体内血栓形成动物模型的建立及在抗血栓药物筛选中的应用

目的 :建立一种无创性小鼠体内血栓动物模型并应用于多种抗血栓药物的药效观察。方法 :用角叉菜胶建立了小鼠体内血栓动物模型。利用此模型观察潘生丁片 ,抗栓胶囊、复方丹参注射液、川芎嗪注射液对血栓形成的影响。结果及结论 :用角叉菜胶建立的小鼠体内血栓动物模型 ,无创伤性 ,操作简易方便。并可应用于多种抗血栓药物的药效观察 ,剂量的选择 ,药物的筛选。     

2型糖尿病证病结合动物模型的研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病证病结合动物模型的造模方法及成模标准,建立2型糖尿病病证结合动物模型。方法应用STZ造成大鼠糖尿病（FBG≥16.7mmol/L）后应用中药造成中医阴阳两虚;阴虚热盛;气阴两虚;血瘀气滞证候模型。结果（1）造模后出现饮水增多、尿量增多、生长迟缓、身体消瘦、拉尾排便、排尿等糖尿病大鼠共同特征。阴阳两虚组大鼠还出现大便干燥、舌红等征象;阴虚热盛组大鼠出现大便干燥、舌红等征象;气阴两虚组大鼠出现精神萎糜、倦怠懒动、舌胖大,少津;血瘀气滞组大鼠还出现背毛减少、臀部毛色枯黄、性情暴烈、易激惹、捕捉时叫声频繁、抵抗力大、攻击行为频繁、大便质稀色深、舌质暗等血瘀气滞气滞的症状。（2）实验室指标有不同程度改变。结论应用传统的糖尿病造模方法与糖尿病病证特点和中药四气五味药性理论相结合,研制2型糖尿病病证结合动物模型具有可行性。     

Establishment and evaluation of a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome

Objective: To establish and evaluate a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome. Methods: The mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome was established by the treatment with injecting ovalbumin(OVA) two times to sensitize, inhaling OVA 14 times to stimulate, and using thyroxin through lavage during late stimulation. This model was evaluated through body weight, asthmatic behaviors, respiratory function, autonomous activity, lung pathology, and pulmonary fluid clearance. Results: OVA combined with thyroxin was an appropriate method to induce the mouse model with increased food and water intake, autonomous activity, asthmatic behaviors score, and respiratory rate, decreased body weight, tidal volume, and wet/dry ratio of lung, and changed with pathology of lung tissue. The changes of the above mentioned parameters indicated that the model was the bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome. Conclusion: The OVA combined with thyroxin is a good pattern to establish a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome successfully, which can highly simulate the clinical symptoms of this disease.     

Establishment of a CSF-producing cell line from a human gastric carcinoma and characteristics of the CSF produced by that cell line

A human cell line producing colony-stimulating factor has been established in vitro from a human gastric carcinoma. The cell line was transplantable into nude mice which developed a marked neutrophilia. The cell line has been maintained for three years. The cells grew in a monolayered sheet and produced colony-stimulating factors that enhanced the formation of granulocyte and monocyte colonies in vitro with mouse bone marrow cells as the target and granulocyte colonies with human bone marrow cells as the target.     

The importance of adenosine deaminase for lymphocyte development and function

Deficiency in the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) in humans manifests primarily as severe lymphopenia and immunodeficiency, resulting in death by 6 months of age, if untreated. In this review, we discuss phenotypical, biochemical, and metabolic hallmarks of the disease, and describe a mouse model in which levels of ADA can be biochemically and genetically manipulated. This model provides exciting possibilities for uncovering the mechanisms by which this purine catabolic enzyme affects lymphopoiesis.     

Anti-recipient cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors are present in the spleens of mice with acute graft versus host disease due to minor histocompatibility antigens

A model for bone marrow transplantation across minor histocompatibility barriers was developed by using mouse strains that were H-2 identical and mutually non-reactive in MLC. Acute graft-vs-host disease was induced only when donor lymphoid cells were included in the marrow inoculum, in both C57BL/6 recipients of LP cells and BALB/c recipients of B10.D2/nSN cells. GVHD was prevented by treating the lymphoid cells with anti-Thy 1.2 and C before transplantation. Spleen cells from mice with acute GVHD were not directly cytotoxic to recipient strain target cells. However, when spleen cells from mice with GVHD were boosted in vitro to recipient strain stimulator cells they generated a specific anti-recipient cytotoxic response. Spleen cells from mice without GVHD did not generate a cytotoxic response in vitro. The cytotoxic effector cells and their precursors were shown to be T lymphocytes. This model and the in vitro method described may be useful in further studies of the immunobiology of GVHD due to minor histocompatibility antigens and of transplantation tolerance.     

基于特征选择和概率神经网络胃癌计算机辅助诊断

应用信噪比和概率神经网络的方法,结合实验数据,提出胃癌分类模型.它是利用已知信息对胃癌样本进行分析和判别.其方法是首先对数据进行分类信息指数信噪比分析,根据分类信息指数信噪比大小排序,然后采用特征向量递增的方法,将特征向量输入概率神经网络进行分析,采用留一法对PNN训练和检测,找出训练效果最好的特征向量子集.这种模型用MATLAB软件实现,具有可操作性,可推广到其它相应的疾病辅助诊断中去.     

左炔诺孕酮炔雌醚片所致动情期同步的雌性小鼠的研制

目的　促使NIH雌性小鼠的动情期同步出现 ,同时避免其与雄性小鼠交配后受孕。方法　用左炔诺孕酮炔雌醚片灌胃 ,并以已烯雌酚作为对照药 ,比较雌性小鼠动情期同步出现的几率 ,寻找出制作同步动情期的雌性小鼠的最佳造模方法。结果　发现左炔诺孕酮炔雌醚片的灌胃剂量为人体的 2倍 ,且每 5天灌胃一次 ,雌性小鼠的动情期同步几率就可以达到 80 %或以上。结论　本研究为房室不节致肾虚证雄性小鼠模型所需同步动情期雌性小鼠的制作提供了较为简便的方法。     

The preparation of ethylenediamine‐modified fluorescent carbon dots and their use in imaging of cells

In this work, fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method with glucose as the carbon source and were surface‐modified with ethylenediamine. The properties of as‐prepared CDs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible light (UV/vis) absorption and fluorescent spectra. Furthermore, CDs conjugated with mouse anti‐(human carcinoembryonic antigen) (CEA) monoclonal antibody were successful employed in the biolabeling and fluorescent imaging of human gastric carcinoma cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity of CDs was also tested using human gastric carcinoma cells. There was no apparent cytotoxicity on human gastric carcinoma cells. These results suggest the potential application of the as‐prepared CDs in bioimaging and related fields. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Polyarthritis associated with gastric carcinoma.

In a 68-year-old man who had polyarthritis associated with gastric carcinoma surgical resection of the tumour was accompanied by prompt resolution of the arthritic syndrome. In 11 years of follow-up the arthritis has remained in complete remission and there has been no recurrence of the carcinoma. An awareness that polyarthritis may be a presenting manifestation of an underlying carcinoma may, especially in an elderly person, lead to early recognition and treatment of the malignant disease.     

胃癌组织中幽门螺杆菌L型感染与淋巴管形成关系的研究

目的 研究胃癌组织中D2-40、LYVE-1标记的微淋巴管密度(LVD)、血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR-3)表达与幽门螺杆菌L型(helicobacter pylori L-form,Hp-L型)感染之间的关系.方法 应用革兰染色和免疫组化SP法检测80例胃癌组织和25例对照组的Hp-L型感染,同时用免疫组化SP法检测上述组织的LVD值和VEGFR-3的表达,分析Hp-L型与LVD以及VEGFR-3表达的关系结果 胃癌组织中革兰染色L型检出阳性率为67.5％;免疫组化Hp-L型抗原表达阳性率为65％,两种方法检测同时阳性的病例50例,占62.5％.胃癌组的Hp-L型阳性率、LVD及VEGFR-3表达阳性率均高于对照组(P＜0.01);胃癌组中Hp-L阳性组的LVD值和VEGFR-3表达阳性率高于Hp-L阴性组.LVD与胃癌淋巴结转移具有一定关系.结论 Hp-L型感染与胃癌的发生、发展密切相关,Hp-L型可能是肿瘤淋巴管生成的重要促进因子,影响胃癌的侵袭和转移.     

Development of a novel inducer for EBV lytic therapy

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that infects over 90% of the world's population that persists as a latent infection in various lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. The total number of EBV associated malignancies is estimated to exceed 200,000 new cancers per year. Current chemotherapeutic treatments of EBV-positive cancers include broad-spectrum cytotoxic drugs that ignore the EBV positive status of tumors and have limited safety and selectivity. In an effort to develop new and more efficacious molecules for inducing EBV reactivation, we have developed high-throughput screening assays to identify a class of small molecules (referred to as the C60 series) that efficiently activate the EBV lytic cycle in multiple latency types, including lymphoblastoid and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. In this paper we report our preliminary structure activity relationship studies and demonstrate reactivation of EBV in the SNU719 gastric carcinoma mouse model and the AGS-Akata gastric carcinoma mouse model.