雄性东亚钳蝎减数分裂和染色体组型

本文作者对我国药用动物东亚钳蝎——Buthusmartensi的精母细胞减数分裂和染色体组型进行初步观察。该虫的减数分裂有细线期、偶线期、粗线期、双线期和终变期。染色体数目24者居多,2n=24,即2n=22A+xy。染色体组型有3对为中部着丝粒染色体,7对亚中部着丝粒和1对端部着丝粒染色体。1对性染色体xy均为亚中部着丝粒染色体。     

贵州雷山产虎斑游蛇染色体组型和银带研究

贵州雷山产虎斑游蛇雌性染色体数为2 n=38+ZW。大型染色体8对,其中第1、2、3、6对为中部着丝粒染色体,第4、7、8对为端部着丝粒染色体,第5对为性染色体,Z染色体为中部着丝粒染色体,W为亚中部着丝粒染色体。银染表明核仁组织者区位于一对小型染色体及一条第4号染色体的端部。比较了贵州雷山、道真、山西太原、辽宁及日本产虎斑游蛇染色体组型的异同。     

中国大鲵核型特征研究

采用外周血培养和制备染色体标本的方法,分析雌雄中国大鲵的核型特征.结果 表明:(1)中国大鲵染色体数目为2n=60;(2)染色体由大染色体和微小染色体组成,属于两型性染色体;(3)大染色体中有8对中部着丝粒染色体和2对亚中部着丝粒染色体;(4)微小染色体有20对,大多是端部着丝粒染色体,在雌性中发现了4对双臂染色体,第11、25号是亚中部着丝粒染色体,第23、24号是中部着丝粒染色体.表明中国大鲵是两栖动物中的原始类群.     

You形目两种鱼的染色体组型研究

采用活体注射秋水仙素制备鱼类肾细胞染色体的方法,对Ｙｏｕ形目的许氏平ＹｏｕＳｅｂａｓｔｅｓ ｓｃｈｔｅｇｅｌｉ（Ｈｉｌｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ）和欧氏六线鱼Ｈｅｘａｇｒａｍｍｏｓ ｏｔａｋｉｉ Ｊｏｒｄａｎ ＆ Ｓｔａｒｋｓ的染色体组型进行了初步研究。许氏平Ｙｏｕ的二倍体染色体数目为２ｎ＝４８,其中一对中部着丝粒染色体,其余全部为端部着丝粒染色体,一对端着丝粒染色体具随体。欧氏六线鱼２ｎ＝４８,３对中部着     

机敏漏斗蛛染色体初步研究

本文对机敏漏斗蛛Agelena difficlis Fox,1936的染色体进行了初步研究,发现其染色体数目为2n=44.19对染色体为近中部着丝粒染色体和中部着丝粒染色体,2对为端部着丝粒染色体,1对为性染色体,雄性为XY,雌性为XX。     

内葵杂3号染色体核型分析

对内蒙古地区的栽培品种内葵杂3号三交种和单交种了进行了核型分析。其结果为:内葵杂3号三交种和单交种的染色体数均为2n=34,各具一对随体染色体。三交种第2对染色体具随体且为近中部着丝粒染色体,其余为中部着丝粒染色体,染色体相对长度变异范围4.105%～7.703%,核型公式为2n=2x=34=32m+2sm(2sat),核型类型属于1A型;单交种均为中部着丝粒染色体,第4对染色体具随体,染色体相对长度变异范围3.661%～8.128%,其核型公式为:2n=2x=34=34m(2sat),核型类型属于1B型。     

中国五台山多目涡虫(涡虫纲,三肠目)染色体及核型分析

利用空气干燥法对采自山西茶铺和镇海寺的五台山多目涡虫Polycelis wutaishanica Liu,1996的核型进行分析,结果表明:五台山多目涡虫体细胞有42条染色体,为2倍体,核型公式2n=2x=42 =28m 14sm,其中28条为中部着丝粒染色体, 14条为亚中部着丝粒染色体,第1对中部着丝粒染色体明显比其它染色体长。五台山多目涡虫的核型属于2C型。     

铺道蚁的染色体核型分析

以商丘地区的铺道蚁Tetramorium caespitum(L.)早期胚胎为材料,采用低渗处理—烘干法制备染色体标本,对其染色体组型进行研究。结果表明,铺道蚁染色体组型为n=22,2n=44,是由10条中央着丝粒染色体,3条亚中着丝粒染色体和9条亚端着丝粒染色体组成。     

鮋形目两种鱼的染色体组型研究

采用活体注射秋水仙素制备鱼类肾细胞染色体的方法,对　形目的许氏平　Ｓｅｂａｓｔｅｓｓｃｈｌｅｇｅｌｉ（Ｈｉｌｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ〕和欧氏六线鱼ＨｅｘａｇｒａｍｍｏｓｏｔａｋｉｉＪｏｒｄａｎ＆Ｓｔａｒｋｓ的染色体组型进行了初步研究。许氏平　的二倍体染色体数目为２ｎ＝４８,其中一对中部着丝粒染色体,其余全部为端部着丝粒染色体;一对端着丝粒染色体具随体。欧氏六线鱼２ｎ＝４８,３对中部着丝粒染色体,１０对亚中部着丝粒染色体,８对亚部着丝粒染色体和３对端部着丝粒染色体,其中１对端部着丝粒染色体具随体。     

白额巨蟹蛛（Heteropoda venatoria）染色体的初步观察

对白额巨蟹蛛的血细胞染色体进行初步研究,发现其雌蛛的体细胞染色体２ｎ＝４４,其中含有中部着丝粒染色体,亚中部着丝粒染色体和近端着丝粒染色体。     

滇蜀豹子花核型及其变异研究

本文详细报道了滇蜀豹子花的核型,发现居群中存在两种细胞型,即A型和B型。A型参考核型为2n = 24＝2m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(4SAT)+12t(2SAT),其第3号两条同源染色体长臂均无居间随体：B型参考核型为2n=24＝2m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(2SAT)+12t(3SAT)+0—1b,其第3号一条同源染色体长臂紧靠着丝点处有一大而明显的居间随体,而另一条同源染色体则无,构成明显的3号染色体的结构杂合性。统计表明,居群中二者的比例近似为1A;2B。研究还发现了大量的体细胞染色体结构变异核型,表明滇蜀豹子花核型尚未趋于稳定,还处于强烈分化之中,高频率的体细胞染色体结构变异是其种内分化不可忽视的一种进化要素。     

中国特有的八角莲和六角莲的核型

本文研究了八角莲Dysosma versipellis(Hance)M.Cheng和六角莲Dysomapleiantha((Hance)Woodson的核型。二者的染色体数目均为2n=12,由四对具中部着丝点染色体、一对具近中部着丝点染色体和一对具端部着丝点染色体组成,各有一对染色体具有次缢痕,八角莲的次缢痕在第3对染色体的长臂上,六角莲的次缢痕在第1对染色体的短臂上。二者均属较对称的“2A”核型。但它们在染色体相对长度的变异幅度和差值、臂比的变异幅度和差值以及最长与最短染色体的比值上均有微小的差异。结果表明二者有密切的亲缘关系。演化趋势是八角莲→六角莲。八角莲的核型为首次报道。     

A chromosome study of Spanish Bembidiidae and other Caraboidea (Coleoptera,Adephaga)

The karyotypes were studied of fifty-three Spanish Caraboidea species belonging to the following families: Trechidae (3 species), Bembidiidae (48), Pogonidae (1) and Harpalidae (1). Differences in the shape of the largest pair of autosomes (A pair) and the Y-chromosome are frequent among closely related species. The chromosomes of these species have a peculiar centromeric region weakly constricted and surrounded by conspicuous heterochromatic blocks. Eight species have a heteromorphic A pair, probably due to differences in the length of the nucleolar organizer. Species of the first three families either have a male karyotype of 24 chromosomes, or one derived from it, while the only species of the fourth family has a male karyotype of 39 chromosomes derived from the basic karyotype of the Harpalidae, 2n=37.     

加拿大引进的二倍体燕麦种质的核型鉴定

采用常规压片法对砂燕麦、西班牙燕麦和短燕麦3个二倍体燕麦种进行了核型研究。结果表明:砂燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第4对染色体组的短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为68.17%;西班牙燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第7对染色体短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为59.31%;短燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=6m+4sm+4st(2SAT),具近端部、近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第6对染色体组的短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为63.91%。虽然3个燕麦种的核型均为2A,但它们的染色体形态有明显不同,比较认为砂燕麦相对进化,短燕麦次之,西班牙燕麦较原始。本研究对燕麦种质资源的核型分析及进化地位研究具有参考价值。     

Karyotype of Chukotka char from Estikhed Lake (Eastern Chukotka)

The karyotype of chars from the Estikhed Lake (Eastern Chukotka) was examined. This karyotype comprises 78 chromosomes, NF = 98. Marker chromosomes include one pair of submetacentrics, one pair of large acrocentrics, and one pair of large subtelocentrics with very short second arms. Nucleolus organizer regions are located in telomeric regions of short arms of marker submetacentric chromosomes. Small heterochromatin blocks are observed in centromeric regions of most chromosomes. The Chukotka char karyotype is very similar to that of Taranetz char Salvelinus taranetzi from the Achchen Lake: these karyotypes differ only in stability of the chromosome number.     

夏蜡梅核型的研究

本文首次报道我国特有重点保护植物夏蜡梅的核型为K(2n)=2x=22=18m+2m(SAT)+2sm,属Stebbins的“1A”类型,在演化上处于相当原始的地位。它的核型似比北美的光叶红对称和原始,因此至少夏蜡梅属可能起源于中国。     

The Karyotype of Chukotka Chars from the Estikhed Lake (Eastern Chukotka)

The karyotype of chars from the Estikhed Lake (Eastern Chukotka) was examined. This karyotype comprises 78 chromosomes, NF = 98. Marker chromosomes include one pair of submetacentrics, one pair of large acrocentrics, and one pair of large subtelocentrics with very short second arms. Nucleolus organizer regions are located in telomeric regions of short arms of marker submetacentric chromosomes. Small heterochromatin blocks are observed in centromeric regions of most chromosomes. The Chukotka char karyotype is very similar to that of Taranetz charSalvelinus taranetzi from the Achchen Lake: these karyotypes differ only in stability of the chromosome number.     

A new approach to the auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera, Insecta) cytogenetics: chromosomes of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (L.) examined using various chromosome banding techniques

The karyotype of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (L.) was studied using conventional chromosome staining, C- and AgNOR- banding, and fluorescent CMA3- and DAPI- techniques. This is the first report on differential staining of the holocentric chromosomes of Auchenorrhyncha. The karyotype of Ph. spumarius includes 2n = 22 + XX/X0. The autosomal pair 1 is large and carries a gap in every homologue. After silver staining, NORs were revealed in both this chromosome pair and a middle-sized pair, most likely 6 or 7. In spermatocyte meiosis, the majority of bivalents formed one chiasma each. The bivalent 1 showed from 1 to 4 chiasmata, the value of 1 or 2 being prevalent. Two further bivalents also showed two chiasmata in some cells. After C-banding, terminal and interstitial dot-type C-heterochromatic blocks were revealed in the chromosomes. In 4 of 11 studied males, the autosomal pair 1 was polymorphic for an extra segment attached to one of the homologues. The segment consisted of both heterochromatic and euchromatic portions. No defined signals were observed in any chromosome treated with DAPI. After CMA3- staining, bright fluorescent signals were obtained in the NOR-bearing chromosomes, suggesting GC-rich DNA bound to the NORs.     

慈姑45S rDNA和端粒序列检测及核型分析

以45S r DNA和拟南芥型端粒序列为探针对慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia L.)有丝分裂中期染色体进行单色和双色荧光原位杂交分析,并用银染方法检测慈姑45S r DNA位点的表达,最后结合染色体测量数据和45S r DNA杂交信号建立慈姑的核型。结果显示,慈姑的单倍基因组总长度为76.9±1.38μm,最长染色体为11.55±0.10μm,最短染色体为4.54±0.27μm;慈姑的核型公式为:2n=22=2m+2sm+14st+4t,核型不对称性参数CI、A1、A2、As K(%)、AI分别为19.86±11.06、0.72、0.27、78.82、15.29,核型属于Stebbins类型中的3B型。慈姑具有3对45S r DNA位点,分别位于第8、9、10号染色体的短臂末端。拟南芥型端粒序列的杂交信号出现在慈姑每一条染色体的长、短臂末端。银染检测到6个Ag-NOR和6个核仁,表明3对45S r DNA位点在间期核都有表达。本研究结果为药食兼用植物慈姑提供了分子细胞遗传学基础资料。     

四种天牛的核型比较研究

为弄清天牛的核型特征, 补充我国天牛染色体分类特征和天牛细胞分类学的基础研究空缺, 本文以4种沟胫天牛亚科天牛为研究对象, 选取天牛的分裂旺盛组织精巢（卵巢）和中肠, 在不同的条件下进行天牛染色体玻片的制备和观察。结果显示： 4种天牛染色体数目均为 2n = 20, 性别决定机制为Xy_p。其中, 云斑白条天牛Batocera lineolata的核型公式： 4L+5M+Xy_p, 大型染色体4对, 中型染色体5对, 性染色体为小型; 榉白背粉天牛Olenecamptus cretaceus marginatus、 中华八星粉天牛Olenecamptus octopustulatus chinensis（粉天牛属）和桑天牛Apriona germari的核型公式均为： 5L+4M+Xy_p, 大型染色体5对, 中型染色体4对, 性染色体为中型。粉天牛属的榉白背粉天牛和中华八星粉天牛的核型指数非常相近; 桑天牛的染色体公式虽然与粉天牛属相同, 但长度和着丝粒位置明显不同。