玫瑰黄链霉菌NKZ-259发酵培养基的优化

玫瑰黄链霉菌NKZ-259是一株生防菌株,其次级代谢能产生植物生长调节类物质吲哚乙酸(IAA)。为了进一步提高菌株代谢产生IAA的含量,本试验对该菌株的发酵培养基进行了优化。利用单因子试验确定发酵培养基中最适的6种营养成分为葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉、蛋白胨、硝酸钾、磷酸氢二钾和L-色氨酸;通过Plackett-Burman设计筛选出影响菌株发酵产生IAA的主要因素为L-色氨酸、葡萄糖和磷酸氢二钾;采用中心组合试验(CCD)及响应面法分析各因素的交互作用。最终确定菌株代谢产生IAA的最优发酵培养基为:L-色氨酸2.24 g/L,葡萄糖20.7 g/L,磷酸氢二钾0.5 g/L,可溶性淀粉10 g/L,蛋白胨3 g/L,硝酸钾4.5g/L;使用优化后的发酵培养基菌株代谢产生IAA的含量为45.377 4μg/mL,比原始发酵培养基IAA的含量提高了3倍。     

高效氯氰菊酯降解菌株HG-P-01的培养基筛选及优化

通过比较查彼氏培养基、马铃薯葡萄糖培养基、理查德培养基、燕麦片培养基和玉米粉液体培养基等5种培养基对高效氯氰菊酯降解菌株Fusarium sp. HG-P-01生长的影响, 确定了查彼氏培养基是菌丝生长最适宜的培养基。采用中心组分旋转设计技术, 优化了查彼氏培养基中Ｃ、Ｎ、Ｐ的组成, 以降解率为衡量指标, 最佳配方包括Ｃ为20.94 g/L、Ｎ为1.82 g/L、P为1.66 g/L, 处理后24 h对50 mg/L高效氯氰菊酯期望降解率96.34%, HPLC法测定实际降解率为93.78%, 对高效氯氰菊酯的降解率模型预测值与实测值一致。     

丁酸梭菌发酵培养基的优化及发酵产物对黄曲霉毒素B1的降解

【背景】丁酸梭菌是专性厌氧的新一代芽孢益生菌,耐热、耐酸、抗逆性强,极具应用价值和开发前景。【目的】优化丁酸梭菌发酵培养基并初步研究其发酵液对黄曲霉菌的抑制作用和降解黄曲霉毒素B₁ (aflatoxin B₁, AFB₁)的能力。【方法】利用响应面法对发酵培养基进行优化,采用牛津杯法对丁酸梭菌发酵液抑制黄曲霉菌生长进行研究,并通过酶联免疫法测定发酵液对AFB₁的降解能力。【结果】优化后的发酵培养基为：葡萄糖18.1g/L,大豆蛋白胨29.7g/L,磷酸氢二钾3.8 g/L,氯化钠2.0 g/L,乙酸钠4.0 g/L,结晶硫酸镁1.2 g/L,L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.3 g/L。优化后的丁酸梭菌生物量由8.99×10⁸个/mL提高至2.28×10⁹个/mL,是优化前的2.54倍。丁酸梭菌发酵液对致病真菌黄曲霉菌的抑菌效果十分显著,其上清液经浓缩后对AFB₁降解72h的降解率达到68.65%,初步分析表明上清液中对AFB₁     

响应面法优化革耳Panus rudis FG-35菌株产漆酶培养基

采用Plackett-Burman设计和响应面分析相结合的方法,对革耳Panus rudis FG-35菌株产漆酶的液体培养基配方进行优化。单因素试验结果显示,发酵培养基中的最优碳源为可溶性淀粉,最优氮源为蛋白胨;Plackett-Burman设计筛选出影响漆酶产量的3个重要因素为可溶性淀粉、金属Ca2+离子和吐温-40,在此基础上运用最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应值区域,最后利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析,获得最佳培养基配方为:可溶性淀粉10.040 4 g/L、蛋白胨0.2 g/L、K2HPO41.00g/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 0.008 g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g/L、CuSO4·7H2O 0.007 g/L、FeSO4·7H2O 0.005 g/L、MnSO40.035 g/L、CaCl20.0816 g/L、VB10.1 g/L、吐温-40 0.428%。在优化后的条件下摇瓶发酵产漆酶酶活力为263.31 U/mL,与模型预测值接近,发酵产酶量比优化前提高1.07倍,同时优化后的发酵液对木质素降解进行试验发现,优化后漆酶对木质素降解率提高了14.34%。     

一株石油降解菌培养基的优化

目的：有效降低石油降解菌株CT-6在工业生产中的培养成本,提高培养速度。方法：利用Minitab软件,采用中心组合设计、响应面分析,以葡萄糖、蔗糖、可溶性淀粉为碳源,以硝酸铵、尿素、氯化铵为氮源,对高效降解石油菌株CT-6的培养基进行了优化。结果：当碳源葡萄糖为5.6818g/L、氮源氯化铵为3.8030g/L时,菌株CT-6培养17h,OD600达到0.615。结论：优化前后,菌体CT-6的OD600分别为0.289和0.615,提高了112.8%,说明该培养基更有利于菌株CT-6的生长。     

1株能利用高粱汁产L-乳酸的菌株鉴定及培养基优化

以产L-乳酸的菌株A2为对象,采用16S rRNA基因测序法结合菌株的表型特征进行鉴定,以甜高粱汁为主要培养基质,采用响应面设计软件对该菌种的发酵培养基进行优化。结果表明,A2菌株为Lactobacillus plantarum S4,优化得到的甜高粱汁培养基配比为甜高粱汁327. 83 g/L,蛋白胨1. 67 g/L,磷酸氢二钾4. 7 g/L,硫酸锰0. 17 g/L,在此培养基配比下,Lactobacillus plantarum S4厌氧发酵68 h后,L-乳酸产量达(61. 20±1. 36) g/L,L-乳酸/葡萄糖转化率(90. 74±2. 28)%,L-乳酸/蔗糖转化率(47. 20±1. 81)%。     

氨基糖甙类抗生素JI-20A发酵培养条件的研究

研究了氨基糖甙类抗生素JI-20A分批发酵培养基和发酵工艺的优化。结果表明发酵培养基的优化组成为玉米淀粉60g/L,花生饼粉30g/L,麦芽糖10g/L,玉米浆8g/L,复合无机盐适量,淀粉酶适量,蛋氨酸1g/L和氯化钴6μg/mL。控制消后培养基pH值和氧的供应条件有助于抗生素JI-20A产生菌的菌体生长和产物合成。     

氨基糖甙类抗生素JI-20A发酵培养条件的研究

研究了氨基糖甙类抗生素JI-20A分批发酵培养基和发酵工艺的优化。结果表明发酵培养基的优化组成为玉米淀粉60g/L,花生饼粉30g/L,麦芽糖10g/L,玉米浆8g/L,复合无机盐适量,淀粉酶适量,蛋氨酸1g/L和氯化钴6μg/mL。控制消后培养基pH值和氧的供应条件有助于抗生素JI-20A产生菌的菌体生长和产物合成。     

红酵母NZ-01发酵条件的优化

以红酵母菌株NZ-01为试验菌株,研究其发酵工艺与中试生产。采用摇瓶发酵优化的方式,研究培养基组分与发酵工艺条件对该菌发酵的影响,并进行中试放大生产。结果显示,该菌最适生长培养基组分为葡萄糖10g/L,蔗糖10g/L,酵母膏10g/L,牛肉膏2.5g/L;色素合成最适培养基组分为葡萄糖15g/L,蔗糖10g/L,酵母膏2.5g/L,牛肉膏5g/L。最适生长起始pH值为6.0,最适接种量为8%,生长周期为44h;最适色素合成起始pH值为7.0,最适色素合成接种量为8%,色素合成周期为48h。发酵优化后的色素产量3.88μg/mL较优化前1.71μg/mL提高了127%。中试产量达3.05μg/mL。红酵母菌NZ-01优化后的发酵条件可以应用于中试生产虾青素,有规模化生产应用潜力。     

重组枯草芽孢杆菌分泌表达缺陷假单胞菌磷酸三酯酶及其发酵优化

磷酸三酯酶(phosphotriesterase, PTE, EC3.1.8.1)能够水解有机磷化合物,但其应用一直受限于酶表达量低的问题.为了获得高效表达的有机磷水解酶,本文构建了PTE基因来源于缺陷假单胞菌(Pseudomonas diminuta)的重组枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis WB600),并采用单因素实验和正交实验对培养基进行优化,确定了重组菌产酶的最佳发酵条件,同时检测重组酶对有机磷类化合物的降解作用.结果表明,最优的培养基组成为蔗糖(40 g/L)、酵母膏(40 g/L)、蛋白胨(20 g/L)、磷酸氢二钾(2 g/L)、硫酸锰(1 g/L)、硫酸镁(6 g/L).经测定,该酶4 h内对(5 mg/mL的甲基对硫磷、乐果以及神经毒剂模拟剂甲基磷酸二甲酯(dimethyl methyl phosphonate, DMMP)的降解率分别达到98%, 92%, 73%,且DMMP在12 h内也完全降解.本文实现了PTE的胞外分泌表达,为研制有机磷化合物的酶基消毒剂提供了技术支持.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.