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1.
不同无机盐对柱胞鱼腥藻同工酶的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
盐胁迫对蓝藻的影响已有广泛的研究,人们围绕着渗透胁迫(osmoticstress),研究了高浓度盐影响蓝藻的生长、光合作用、呼吸作用、固氮作用、蛋白质和RNA的合成等〔1~4〕;但迄今为止,尚未见到有关盐胁迫下蓝藻同工酶变化情况的报道。无机盐对同工酶影响无论对于盐胁迫反应生理及机制的研究,还是对于蓝藻基因表达调控等都有重要的意义。为此,我们在研究了无机盐对蓝藻的细胞学效应、固氮酶活性的影响〔5~7〕等之后,就无机盐对蓝藻同工酶的影响进行了初步研究。1 材料与方法试验用的柱胞鱼腥藻(Anabaenacylindrica)是一种具异形胞的丝状固氮…  相似文献   

2.
盐胁迫下胡杨愈伤组织生理生化特性   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
目的:探讨胡杨愈伤组织的耐盐性与生理生化指标的关系。方法:不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,对胡杨愈伤组织的丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及酯酶同工酶、过氧化物酶同工酶、超氧化物歧化酶同工酶酶谱进行研究。结果:随着盐浓度的增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高;从三种保护酶活性来看,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,在70mmol/L NaCl胁迫下达到最高值,POD、CAT酶活分别为2748u/g.min和152u/g.min,分别比对照高104%和72%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性则呈先降低后稍上升的趋势,总体均比对照低。过氧化物酶同工酶的第2、3条酶带在70mmol/L NaCl胁迫下颜色最深,且酶带较宽;超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的第1条酶带仅在未经盐胁迫时存在,说明该酶带所代表的酶对盐很敏感;第4条酶带随盐胁迫浓度加大先消失后出现,可能是愈伤组织逐渐适应盐胁迫的结果。结论:经盐胁迫的胡杨愈伤组织中,POD和CAT酶主要起保护作用;结合同浓度盐胁迫下愈伤组织的形态观察,总体上看,胡杨愈伤组织能较好地耐受70mmol/L NaCl。  相似文献   

3.
对谷子细胞变异系的过氧化物酶,细胞色素氧化酶和脂酶同工酶的分析表明:耐盐系在无盐胁迫条件下过氧化物酶同工酶的总酶活性高于对照系,其各同工酶带的强度也与对照有明显差异;在NaCl迫条件焉耐盐系中个别原有的酶带消失。细胞色素氧化活性与过氧化物酶同工酶的活性变化情况类似,均与对照有明显差异。  相似文献   

4.
以小麦品种‘德抗961'为材料,用NO供体硝普钠(SNP)浸种研究外源NO对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发的影响.结果表明:0.06 mmol/L的SNP浸种24 h后对盐胁迫下小麦种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和吸胀速率的下调都有显著缓解作用;SNP浸种对盐胁迫下α-淀粉酶的活性无明显影响,但能显著提高盐胁迫下β-淀粉酶的活性;进一步研究表明,SNP浸种预处理对盐胁迫下的α-淀粉酶同工酶变浅的条带有所恢复(尤其是条带3),同时使盐胁迫下变浅的β-淀粉酶同工酶的条带有明显的恢复(尤其是d、e、f、g).并且SNP能显著降低盐胁迫下小麦地上部分和根中的Na^+含量,提高其K+含量,从而使K^+/Na^+显著提高.以上结果表明:SNP浸种预处理提高盐胁迫下小麦种子的萌发,主要是通过提高β-淀粉酶的活性来实现的.  相似文献   

5.
采用盆栽试验,研究了花后渍水、盐胁迫和盐渍处理对2个小麦品种(扬麦12和淮麦17)籽粒产量及蛋白质和淀粉积累与组分的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,花后渍水、盐胁迫和盐渍处理显著降低了小麦花前贮藏氮素(花前贮藏干物质)转运量和花后同化氮素(花后同化物)输入籽粒量,从而导致小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质和淀粉产量显著降低,其中盐胁迫和盐渍处理表现更为明显.与对照和渍水处理相比,盐胁迫和盐渍处理显著降低了小麦籽粒蛋白质积累量及谷/醇蛋白比,显著提高了蛋白质组分含量;同时降低了小麦籽粒淀粉积累量、淀粉组分含量及直/支链淀粉比;盐胁迫处理对扬麦12的影响较盐渍处理明显,而盐渍处理对淮麦17的影响较盐胁迫处理明显.渍水条件下小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉积累量均下降,除淮麦17谷蛋白和清蛋白含量有所提高外,淮麦17其他蛋白组分含量和扬麦12各蛋白组分含量均下降.  相似文献   

6.
罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织诱导及其对盐胁迫的生理反应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:探寻获得罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织的最佳培养基和条件,并探讨该愈伤组织对盐胁迫的生理反应.方法:设计不同激素配比和浓度培养基,诱导并挑选、扩增胚性愈伤组织.对罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织进行不同浓度的盐胁迫(0、50、70、100和200numl/L),研究其在不同时期不同浓度盐胁迫下的脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、超氧化化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性变化、及超氧化物歧化酶同工酶和过氧化物同工酶的谱带变化.结果:获得了大量罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织及其盐胁迫下的生理生化数据和图谱.结论:罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织的产生主要依赖0.5mg/L2,4-D的作用,此外,转瓶过程中细心观察,不断挑选也很重要.不同浓度的盐胁迫不同时问,从MDA和脯氨酸含量变化上看,经50~70mmol/L.盐胁迫3~5d,罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织进入最敏感期,之后它对盐胁迫有个快速适应过程;根据SOD酶活性变化,盐胁迫第7d时,经70mmoL/L以上的NaCl处理组SOD酶活均保持在一个较高的水平,说明此时SOD酶正在发挥重要作用;从SOD同工酶谱看,Rf值为0.46的酶带是盐胁迫组特有的,说明它与盐胁迫密切相关;从POD同工酶谱看,Rf值为0.01的条带为J0、J2、J5组特有,带很窄但色较深,此酶带所代表的酶对盐的敏感性存在特殊性.  相似文献   

7.
植物响应盐胁迫组学研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
盐胁迫对植物生长的影响主要表现在离子毒害、渗透胁迫以及次级氧化胁迫等,植物遭受盐胁迫时迅速启动相关基因,进行转录调控,进而合成相应蛋白质来控制代谢物合成和离子转运以调节渗透平衡。随着现代分子生物学迅速发展,对植物耐盐机理研究也深入到了转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组及离子组等水平,"组学"研究为耐盐基因鉴定及标志性代谢物的挖掘等提供了有力手段。该文对近年来国内外有关转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、离子组学的主要研究方法及在盐胁迫中的应用研究进展进行综述,以揭示植物耐盐机理,为优良耐盐碱植物的筛选与培育提供支持。  相似文献   

8.
不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,枸杞愈伤组织生长量下降,质膜相对透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量增大,且二者呈正相关;过氧化酶(POD)和超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性升高,但对POD同工酶酶带无影响,仅使酶带染色程度加深。加入ABA后,SOD、POD活性升高,说明盐胁迫下ABA可以延缓盐胁迫对膜的伤害,从而提高枸杞的耐盐性。  相似文献   

9.
植物具有固着生活的特点,高温、低温、干旱和盐等生境中常见的非生物胁迫会严重影响植物的生长发育。蛋白质磷酸化是植物应对非生物胁迫的重要机制,主要通过蛋白质的磷酸化和去磷酸化修饰来调控植物细胞对外界胁迫的应激反应,在植物细胞快速传递胁迫信号并激活对胁迫环境的形态、生理和分子水平适应机制的过程中起重要作用。该文主要介绍了植物磷酸化蛋白质的富集、检测和鉴定技术,并对近年来国内外有关植物响应高温、低温、干旱、淹水、盐、养分亏缺和元素毒害等非生物胁迫的磷酸化修饰蛋白组学研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

10.
植物盐胁迫应答蛋白质组学分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张恒  郑宝江  宋保华  王思宁  戴绍军 《生态学报》2011,31(22):6936-6946
土壤盐渍化是限制植物生长和分布的关键因素之一,揭示植物盐胁迫应答的分子机理是借助分子生物学手段提高植物耐盐性的基础.近年来,人们利用高通量蛋白质组学技术分析了拟南芥、水稻等19种植物的盐胁迫应答蛋白质表达图谱.从植物类群(盐生植物和甜土植物)、组织器官(根、地上部分/茎、胚根和胚轴、叶片、花序和配子体)、细胞(悬浮培养细胞、愈伤组织细胞和单细胞生物)和亚细胞结构(叶绿体、质膜和质外体)几方面整合分析了植物盐胁迫应答蛋白质组表达模式特征,主要特征包括:(1)盐生植物通过全面调节细胞骨架重塑、离子转运和区隔化、渗透平衡、活性氧(ROS)清除、信号转导、光合作用和能量代谢等信号与代谢网络体系,获得相对较高的抗/耐盐能力;(2)植物地上部分(叶片、茎、配子体)或光合组织细胞(悬浮培养细胞、愈伤组织细胞和单细胞盐藻)通过调节参与光合作用、碳和能量代谢、ROS清除过程蛋白质的表达模式应对盐胁迫环境;(3)植物地下部分(根、胚根)通过调控信号转导和离子转运相关蛋白质感知/传递盐胁迫信号并维持离子平衡;(4)花序中参与渗透调节、转录调控、蛋白质加工和ROS清除的蛋白质在盐胁迫条件下变化显著;(5)叶绿体通过调控参与光合作用、蛋白质加工和周转,以及氧化还原系统平衡等过程应对盐胁迫;(6)质外体中参与细胞壁代谢、胁迫防御和信号转导过程的蛋白质受盐胁迫影响明显;(7)细胞膜中参与维持膜结构稳定、物质/离子运输和信号转导过程的蛋白质对植物盐胁迫应答具有重要作用.这些分析为深入研究植物耐盐的分子机制提供了重要信息.  相似文献   

11.
The effect of NaCl on antioxidant enzyme activities in potato seedlings   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
The effect of NaCl on the growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were investigated in the seedlings of four potato cultivars (Agria, Kennebec; relatively salt tolerant, Diamant and Ajax; relatively salt sensitive). The shoot fresh mass of Agria and Kennebec did not changed at 50 mM NaCl, whereas in Diamant and Ajax it decreased to 50 % of that in the controls. In Agria and Kennebec, SOD activity increased at 50 mM NaCl, but no significant changes observed in Diamant and Ajax. At higher NaCl concentration, SOD activity reduced in all cultivars. CAT and POD activities increased in all cultivars under salt stress. Unlike the other cultivars, in Ajax seedlings, APX activity increased in response to NaCl stress. We also observed new POD and SOD isoenzyme activities and changes in isoenzyme compositions under salt stress. These results suggest that salt-tolerant potato cultivars may have a better protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (especially SOD) under salt stress.  相似文献   

12.
不同小麦品种对低温胁迫的反应及抗冻性评价   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
以济麦19、济麦21、济南17等15个冬小麦品种为材料,对其在低温胁迫条件下功能叶和叶鞘超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量与可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标进行测定,以功能叶各项指标的抗冻系数作为衡量抗冻性的指标,利用主成分分析、聚类分析对其抗冻性进行综合评价。低温胁迫条件下,不同冬小麦品种起身拔节期功能叶和叶鞘中SOD活性、POD活性和CAT活性均不同程度地上升,MDA含量和可溶性蛋白含量均下降。通过主成分分析和聚类分析,将15个冬小麦品种划分为3类:济麦19、山农8355属强抗冻类型;山农664、泰山9818、济麦21、济麦22、烟农24、烟农19、烟农21、汶农6号、鲁麦21、济南17属中度抗冻类型;其余3个品种(泰山23、聊麦18、临麦2号)属弱抗冻类型。  相似文献   

13.
The effect of 5-azacytidine on wheat seedlings responses to NaCl stress   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The effect of 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) on the alleviation of damaging effects of NaCl treatment was studied in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance (salt-tolerant Dekang-961 and sensitive Lumai-15). The plants were pre-treated or not with 50 μM 5-azaC and then subjected to salt stress induced by 100 or 150 mM NaCl. Salinity caused reduction in biomass accumulation and increase in malondialdehyde content in root tissues in both cultivars, but less in pre-treated seedlings. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the roots of both cultivars increased during salt stress, but the rate of increase was higher in Dekang-961. Plants treated with 5-azaC had higher root SOD, CAT and POD activities under salt stress than untreated plants. Content of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) decreased in both cultivars under salt stress, and the level of demethylation was higher in Dekang-961 than that in Lumai-15. Moreover, the degree of methylation was lower in both cultivars under salt stress after 5-azaC application compared to only salt-treated groups. These findings suggested that 5-azaC could protect plants from salt stress.  相似文献   

14.
Modulation of water relations, activities of antioxidant enzymes and ion accumulation was assessed in the plants of two wheat cultivars S-24 (salt tolerant) and MH-97 (moderately salt sensitive) subjected to saline conditions and glycinebetaine (GB) applied foliarly. Different levels of GB, i.e., 0 (unsprayed), 50 and 100 mM (in 0.10% Tween-20 solution) were applied to the wheat plants at the vegetative growth stage. Leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential and turgor potential were decreased due to salt stress. Salt stress increased the Na+ and Cl accumulation coupled with a decrease in K+ and Ca2+ in the leaves and roots of both cultivars thereby decreasing tissue K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios. Furthermore, salt stress decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas it increased the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in both wheat cultivars. However, accumulation of GB in the leaves of both wheat cultivars was consistently increased with an increase in concentration of exogenous GB application under both non-saline and saline conditions. Accumulation of Na+ was decreased with an increase in K+ accumulation upon a consistent increase in GB accumulation under salt stress conditions thereby resulting in better K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios in the leaves and roots. High accumulation of GB and K+ mainly contributed to osmotic adjustment, which is one of the factors known to be responsible for improving growth and yield under salt stress. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and POD were enhanced by GB application in cv. MH-97 under saline conditions, whereas all these except SOD were reduced in cv. S-24. It is likely that both applied GB and intrinsic SOD scavenged ROS in the tolerant cultivar thereby resulting into low activities of CAT and POD enzymes under salt stress. In conclusion, the adverse effects of salt stress on wheat can be alleviated by the exogenous application of 100 mM GB by modulating activities of antioxidant enzymes and changes in water relations and ion homeostasis. Furthermore, effectiveness of GB application on regulation of activities of antioxidant enzymes was found to be cultivar-specific.  相似文献   

15.
骆驼蓬提取物浸种对小麦幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以不同浓度骆驼蓬提取液浸种处理小麦。研究对幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,骆驼蓬提取液浸种后小麦幼苗的根长、株高和干重增加,根冠比增大;幼苗根系活力增强,根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先升后降,过氧化物酶(POD)活性下降,过氧化物酶同工酶表达受抑;叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量增加,叶片SOD、POD活性提高,过氧化物酶同工酶表达增强,CAT活性降低。根系和叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量下降。  相似文献   

16.
To understand the function of each peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) in terms of biotic stress, changes in POD specific activity and expression of 10 POD genes were investigated in four cultivars of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) after infection with Pectobacterium chrysanthemi. POD specific activity (units mg(-1) protein) increased from 16 h after inoculation (HAI) in three varieties. POD activities of two cultivars, Shinwhangmi and White Star, reached a maximum level at 24 HAI by about three times compared to mock treatment (MT), and then decreased, whereas those of Zami and Yulmi continuously increased until 36 HAI. Native gel analysis revealed that one POD isoenzyme with a high electrophoretic mobility significantly increased in response to pathogen infection in all cultivars. Additionally, 10 POD genes displayed differential expression patterns upon bacterial infection by northern analysis. Several POD genes such as swpa2, swpa3, swpa4, swpa5, swpb1 were induced upon bacterial infection, but other genes were not. Particularly, swpa4 gene was markedly expressed in response to bacterial infection in four different cultivars, suggesting that this gene has a stress-inducible promoter. These results indicate that some specific POD isoenzymes are involved in defense in relation to pathogenesis of P. chrysanthemi in sweetpotato plants.  相似文献   

17.
为了给西藏优质小麦生产的品种利用提供依据 ,1998~ 2 0 0 0年 ,用 7个西藏春小麦品种和 4个引进品种在拉萨进行了 3年春播试验 ;1998~ 2 0 0 1年 ,用 2个西藏冬小麦品种和 3个引进品种进行了 3年秋播试验。结果表明 ,西藏品种的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值明显低于引进品种。西藏品种属于弱筋小麦品种。西藏优质专用小麦生产中的品种利用途径是 :加强中筋小麦的生态育种 ;引进内地强筋小麦品种  相似文献   

18.
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess whether exogenously applied 24-epibrassionlide (24-epiBL) could alleviate the adverse effects of salt on wheat. Two hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, S-24 (salt tolerant) and MH-97 (moderately salt sensitive), were grown under control (0 mM NaCl in full strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution) or saline conditions (150 mM of NaCl in full strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution). After 41 days growth of wheat plants under saline conditions, 24-epiBL was applied as a foliar spray. Four levels of BR were used as 0 (water spray), 0.0125, 0.025, and 0.0375 mg l−1. Application of 24-epiBL increased plant biomass and leaf area per plant of both cultivars under non-saline conditions. However, under saline conditions, improvement in growth due to exogenous 24-epiBL was observed only in S-24. Photosynthetic rate was reduced due to salt stress in both cultivars, but this inhibitory effect was ameliorated significantly by the exogenous application of 24-epiBL. Exogenously applied 24-epiBL also enhanced the photosystem-II efficiency in both cultivars measured as F v /F m ratio. Although the activities of antioxidant enzymes, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD) and Catalase (CAT) were increased due to salt stress in both wheat cultivars, exogenously applied 24-epiBL had a varying effect on the antioxidant system. The activity of SOD remained unaffected in both cultivars due to 24-epiBL application, but that of POD and CAT was promoted in the salt stressed plants of cv. S-24 only. In conclusion, improvement in growth in both wheat cultivars due to foliar applied 24-epiBL was found to be associated with 24-epiBL-induced enhancement in photosynthetic capacity. The 24-epiBL-induced regulation of antioxidant enzymes or growth under saline conditions was cultivar specific.  相似文献   

19.
Two cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cold-tolerant Vernal and cold-sensitive Sonora, were grown under summer, winter, and dehardening environments to investigate the relationship of soluble proteins and enzyme activity and solubility characteristics to cold tolerance.Evaluations of cold-tolerance levels developed in crown and root samples were compared with results of soluble protein analyses and were in agreement with previously reported observations. Soluble protein content was associated with increases in cold tolerance and related to the environment from which samples were obtained; however, the degree of protein differences within samples of the same cultivar as well as between the two cultivars seemed to be influenced by the type of extractant used.Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of the extracted soluble proteins was performed on the basis of equal dry weights and equal quantities of protein. Amido black straining of gels indicated mainly quantitative changes and slight qualitative differences in component bands influenced by environment and extractant.Gels assayed for peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and indoleacetic acid oxidase enzymes exhibited mainly quantitative differences in constitutive isoenzyme components of both cultivars which were associated with environmental changes. Enzyme activities generally increased in winter, as cold tolerance and soluble protein content increased, and decreased during dehardening. The few qualitative differences in isoenzyme bands that were detected, appeared to be influenced by cultivar, environment, extractant, or substrate specificity differences.Variation in isoenzyme components between cultivars was maximum in summer samples, and minimum in winter samples, suggesting that overall reaction rates or activities of individual isoenzymes, preceding or during hardening, could be a limiting factor in cold-tolerance development.  相似文献   

20.
小麦耐盐细胞系及后代耐盐稳定性的生化分析   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
以离体培养筛选出的耐盐小麦变异系及其后代为材料,对其耐盐稳定性进行有关生理生化特性分析。结果表明:(1)随着耐盐愈伤组织耐盐能力的提高,过氧化物同工酶酶带谱加,与对照相比,三个区域出现了明显差异;(2)从耐盐愈伤组织酯酶同工酶酶谱发现,耐盐愈伤组织具有C2,C5,C9,C11新增加酶带;(3)耐盐系后代幼苗能维持较高的K^+/Na^+比值,在盐浓度为0.9%时,其K^+/Na^+为0.788,而对  相似文献   

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