肠道病毒71型的研究进展

肠道病毒71型(enterovirus71,EV71)是小RNA病毒科(Picornaviridae)肠道病毒属(Enterovirus)成员,其感染主要引起患者手足口病(hand-foot-and-mouth disease,HFMD).通常情况下,EV71感染引起的HFMD在临床症状等方面与柯萨奇病毒A16(Coxsackie A16,CA16)引起的手足口病难以区别,但EV71感染除了引起HFMD以外,还能够引起无菌性脑膜炎(aseptic meningitis)、脑干脑炎(brainstem encephalitis)和脊髓灰质炎样的麻痹(poliomyelitis-like paralysis)等多种与神经系统相关的疾病[1].自1974年首次报道[2]以来,EV71已在世界范围内引起十多次爆发与流行[3-6].近年来,EV71病毒的流行在亚太地区呈上升趋势[7-9].根据病毒衣壳蛋白VP1核苷酸序列的差异,可将EV71分为A、B、C 3个基因型,其中,B型和C型又进一步分为B1、B2、B3、B4以及C1和C2亚型[10-12].     

肠道病毒71型分子流行病学研究进展

肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus type 71,EV71),自1974年首次报道以来,在世界范围内引起多次爆发与流行。EV71感染主要引起患者手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD),在临床上与柯萨奇病毒A16(Coxsakie A16,CA16)感染所引起的手足口病难以区别,但EV71还能够引起多种与神经系统相关的疾病。近年来,EV71病毒的流     

柯萨奇病毒A组10型研究进展

自2008年以来,由多种肠道病毒引起的手足口病已成为严重威胁中国婴幼儿健康的重大公共卫生问题之一。其中,肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(coxsackievirus A16,CVA16)是引起手足口病的主要病原体。但2011年以后,中国手足口病的流行趋势发生了变化,柯萨奇病毒A组10型(coxsackievirus A10,CVA10)和柯萨奇病毒A组6型(coxsackievirus A6,CVA6)引起的手足口病呈增多趋势,在部分地区已替代EV71和CVA16成为引起手足口病的主要病原体,已引起越来越多的关注。现就CVA10的病原学、流行病学、实验室诊断、动物模型及疫苗相关研究作一综述。     

手足口病的防治进展

手足口病（hand foot and mouth disease,HFMD）是由肠道病毒引起的常见急性传染病,主要为柯萨奇病毒A组16型（CoxA16）和肠道病毒71（EV71）,其传染性强,隐性感染比例大,多发生于学龄前儿童,尤以3岁以下年龄组发病率最高[1],近年有流行趋势[2],     

手足口病流行病学及防治的研究概况

手足口病(hand foot and mouth disease,HFMD)是由多种肠道病毒引起的常见传染病,以婴幼儿发病为主。肠道病毒71型(EV71)与柯萨奇病毒A16(Cox A16)感染交替出现,成为手足口病的主要病原体,全球流行地区较为广泛,世界大部分地区均有此病流行报道,全年均可发病,5-10月为流行高峰期。因个别地方出现少数患儿中枢神经系统、呼吸系统和循环系统损害,经全力抢救无效死亡,引起社会各界广泛关注。目前,手足口病已经成为严重的公共卫生问题,应采取综合性防治措施,切实预防和控制手足口病的流行和爆发流行。     

肠道病毒71型与天然免疫系统相互作用的研究进展

肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)为小RNA病毒科肠道病毒属成员,是引起手足口病的主要病原体之一。EV71流行广泛,其感染可引发中枢神经系统疾病,并造成重症手足口病,给公共卫生安全带来极大挑战。EV71的致病机制与病毒和宿主天然免疫系统的相互作用关系密切,涉及病毒逃逸干扰素反应、病毒抑制核因子κB(nuclear factorκB,NF-κB)信号通路及病毒与天然免疫细胞相互作用等多个环节。本文就近年来EV71与宿主天然免疫系统相互作用的研究进展进行综述。     

2008～2009年青岛地区手足口病病原学的调查分析

本研究对2008～2009年青岛地区手足口病的病原学进行调查研究。首先对HFMD病例的咽拭子标本直接进行病毒核酸的提取,然后采用多重荧光逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法对总肠道病毒(Enterovirus,EV)、肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus Type 71,EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Coxsackievirus Group A 16,CVA16)进行检测,对EV阳性而EV71和CVA16均阴性的标本采用半巢式反转录PCR进行肠道病毒VP1基因部分序列的扩增和序列分析以鉴定其血清型别。结果提示2008～2009年青岛地区手足口病的主要病原为EV71和CVA16,无论轻症和重症病例,EV71的比例都大于CVA16。2008年共获得5个(8株)其它血清型,分别是柯萨奇病毒(Cox-sackievirus,CV)的A5、A6、A10、A12及埃可病毒9(Echovirus 9,E9),血清型分布比较分散、均匀。2009年共获得3个其它血清型(13株),分别是CVA9、CVA12及CVB2,CVA12所占比例较大(11/13),分布比较集中。CVA12成为2009年青岛地区HFMD病原中除EV71和CVA16外,新的较为流行的病原。     

肠道病毒71型流行病学与病原学研究进展

肠道病毒71型（Enterovims71,Ev71）与柯萨奇病毒A组16型（CoxsackieA16,CA16）是婴幼儿常见传染病手足口病（Hand footmouth disease,HFMD）的主要病原,临床上以发热和口腔黏膜溃疡性疱疹及四肢末端水疱样皮疹为主要症状,个别患者可引起心肌炎、肺水肿、无菌性脑膜脑炎等致命性并发症,2种病原所致的手足口病临床难以区别,但EV71可引起严重中枢神经系统并发症,如无菌性脑膜炎（Aseptic Memnsitis）、脑干脑炎（Brainstem Encephalitis）和脊髓灰质炎样的麻痹（Poliomyelitis-like Paralysis）等。手足口病是全球性传染病,世界大部分地区均有此病流行的报道,已引起了全世界的普遍关注,其中由EV71引起的多种与神经系统相关的疾病严重威胁婴幼儿患者的生命,我国于2008年5月将其列入法定传染病中丙类进行管理。本文将从预防控制EV71感染的角度,对流行病学和病原学方面的资料进行整理和讨论。     

EV71和CA16研究进展综述

手足口病(hand-foot and mouth disease,HFMD)是一种全球性的传染病,其主要病原体为肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(cosackievirus A 16,CA16)。EV71与CA16同属于小核糖核酸(ribonucleic acid,RNA)病毒科(Picornaviridae)肠道病毒属(Enterovirus)肠道病毒A型(Human enterovirus A)的成员,两者在病原学、感染和复制特征以及感染导致的临床症状和免疫反应有相似的方面,但也有明显不同的方面。现将对EV71和CA16相关的病原学、感染和复制特征以及临床症状和免疫反应研究进行综述。     

炎琥宁联合痰热清治疗86例手足口病疗效观察及护理

近年来,手足口病的发病率有增多及严重的趋势,引起手足口病的肠道病毒包括肠道病毒71型（EV71）和A组柯萨奇病毒（CoxA）、埃可病毒（Echo）的某些血清型。EV71感染引起重症病例的比例较大,肠道病毒传染性强,可在短期内流行,我国小范围区域曾流行发病。临床上多采用病毒唑为主及加强对症治疗,为了寻找更有效的治疗方法,我科于2008年4～10月采用炎琥宁联合痰热清治疗手足口病86例,效果满意,现报告如下。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.