角质细胞生长因子研究进展

角质细胞生长因子（KGF）属于成纤维细胞生长因子家族,它通过与受体（KGFR）的结合,特异性地刺激上皮细胞的增殖.KGF基因表达受到正负调控作用,正负调控作用的平衡对于KGF正常发挥功能具有重要意义.KGF具有多种生物学功能：参与组织、器官的发育,具有损伤防治功能,与癌症的发生有着密切的联系.     

角质细胞生长因子(KGF)研究进展

角质细胞生长因子(KGF)属于成纤维细胞生长因子(FGFs)家族的成员之一,又称FGF一7,最早由Rubin等(1980)从人类胎肺成纤维细胞培养液中分离提纯获得的。人KGF的cDNA编码一含194个氨基酸的单链多肽,其分子量为26-28KD。KGF由各种来源的间质细胞分泌,与肝素有较强的亲和力,其受体KGFR属于蛋白酪氨酸激酶受体家族,目前已知该家族主要包括FGFR1、FGFR2、FGFR3和FGFR4四位成员,KGFR由FGFR2基因编码,为FGFR-2的剪接形式,即FGFR2Ⅲb,其主要分布于上皮细胞,KGF与靶细胞膜上的受体KGFR特异性结合后,促使受体自身磷酸化,从而启动细胞内信号级联反应,进而发挥多种生物学功能:参与组织器官发育、促进细胞增殖及组织损伤修复、减少放化疗引起的副反应,尤其与癌症的发生发展有着密切的联系。该文就KGF的研究进展进行综述。     

角质细胞生长因子及其对消化道损伤的防治作用

角质细胞生长因子（KGF）是成纤维细胞生长因子家族的一员,它通过与KGF受体（KGFR）的结合,特异性地刺激上皮细胞的增殖,对皮肤、胃、肠、肾、膀胱、肺等上皮的损伤有修复作用,能减少放、化疗所带来的副作用。目前研究较多的是KGF对消化道损伤的防护以及损伤后的治疗作用。     

角质细胞生长因子-2研究进展

角质细胞生长因子 2 (KGF 2 )也叫成纤维细胞生长因子 10 (FGF 10 ) ,是成纤维细胞生长因子家族的一员 .能特异性促进上皮细胞的增殖、分化和迁移 ,对脊椎动物多种组织和器官的发育起重要调控作用 ,对临床上多种疾病的治疗也有很好的应用前景 .1　KGF 2与受体KGF 2有两种细胞膜表面受体 :FGFR1Ⅲb和FGFR2Ⅲb .KGF 2与FGFR2Ⅲb的亲和力很高 ,而与FGFR1Ⅲb的亲和力很低 ,只有在高浓度KGF 2存在时才与FGFR1Ⅲb结合 .KGF 2与受体结合后 ,促使受体胞内的C端酪氨酸残基磷酸化 ,磷酸化的受体具有了酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性 ,并与一系…     

角质细胞生长因子的研究进展

角质细胞生长因子(KGF)是成纤维细胞生长因子(FGFs)家族的成员,即FGF-7,最初是从人胚胎肺成纤维细胞的培养上清中分离纯化获得的。成熟KGF为一163个氨基酸残基的单链多肽,分子量为26—28KD。KGF由各种来源的间质细胞分泌,受体分布于上皮细胞,其生物学活性是特异性地促进上皮细胞的增殖、迁移和分化。KGF的表达受激素和一些细胞因子的调控。有关研究表明,KGF对肺泡Ⅱ型细胞的增殖以及皮肤、胃肠道粘膜和角膜损伤的修复具有十分重要的作用。     

角质细胞生长因子的研究进展

角质细胞生长因子（KGF）是成纤维细胞生长因子（FGFs）家族的成员,即FGF－7,最初是从人胚胎肺成纤维细胞的培养上清中分离纯化获得的。成熟KGF为一163个氨基酸残基的单链多肽,分子量为26－28KD。KGF由各种来源的间质细胞分泌,受体分布于上皮细胞,其生物学活性是特异性地促进上皮细胞的增殖、迁移和分化。FGF的表达受激素和一些细胞因子的调控。有关研究表明,KGF对肺泡Ⅱ型细胞的增殖以及皮肤、胃肠道粘膜和角膜损伤的修复具有十分重要的作用。     

小熊猫小脑皮层的组织结构及RT-97、KGF和Bax蛋白在小脑皮层的表达

为了解小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens)小脑皮层的结构特征,观察神经丝蛋白抗体RT-97、角质细胞生长因子(KGF)及Bax蛋白在小脑皮层中的表达,利用组织学方法和免疫组织化学方法观察了小熊猫小脑皮层的显微结构,检测了RT-97、KGF和Bax蛋白的表达.结果表明,小脑皮层从外向内依次可分为分子层、Purkinje细胞层、颗粒层3层.RT-97在小熊猫小脑皮层Purkinje细胞层、颗粒层中神经细胞的轴突、分子层中颗粒细胞的轴突及小脑髓质中有阳性表达;KGF在小脑皮层分子层、Purkinje细胞层和颗粒细胞层及髓质中均有阳性表达;Bax蛋白在小脑皮层分子层、Purkinje细胞层和颗粒细胞层中有阳性表达.RT-97、KGF和Bax蛋白在小脑皮层神经结构的构筑中可能发挥着不同的功能.     

金雕肺的组织结构及KGF、c-Fos和Bax的表达

为了解金雕(Aguila chrysaetos)肺的组织结构特征,观察角质细胞生长因子(KGF)、c-Fos蛋白和Bax蛋白在肺中的表达情况,应用生物显微技术和免疫组织化学方法观察了金雕肺的组织结构,检测KGF、c-Fos和Bax蛋白在肺中的表达.结果表明,金雕的肺由各级支气管及其周围的呼吸毛细管组成,肺房呈辐射状开口于三级支气管周围,呼吸毛细管相互吻合成网状,周围有丰富的毛细血管网.KGF、c-Fos和Bax在三级支气管、肺房和呼吸毛细管的上皮细胞中呈免疫反应阳性,三者的表达强度有差异.KGF、c-Fos和Bax可能发挥不同的功能,它们的协同表达可能调控鸟肺细胞的生长、发育及成熟.     

肺部铜绿假单胞菌感染前后肺组织角质细胞生长因子的变化研究

目的观察与分析肺部铜绿假单胞菌（PAE）感染前后患者肺组织角质细胞生长因子（KGF）的变化情况,并研究其临床意义。方法将2010年12月到2013年12月于沈阳军区总医院接受治疗的60例肺炎患者作为研究对象,分别于其感染前后收集肺组织标本,检测感染前后患者肺组织角质细胞生长因子的表达水平。结果在感染PAE后,患者肺组织角质细胞生长因子蛋白表达水平呈明显上升的态势,并于感染3 d后到达峰值。相较感染铜绿假单胞菌前,患者肺组织角质细胞生长因子蛋白表达水平明显提升,感染前后对比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在急性肺损伤的诊断与治疗中,重视对患者肺组织KGF蛋白表达水平的研究,及时实施KGF辅助干预,对抑制感染,控制肺炎的进展有十分重要的作用。     

角质细胞生长因子2基因(KGF2)的克隆及其对油菜的遗传转化

近年来,植物表达人源蛋白的研究逐渐增多。本研究以人角质细胞生长因子(KGF2)基因cDNA为基础,根据植物偏好密码子进行改造,并利用PCR方法合成KGF2基因全长cDNA。在此基础上构建了KGF2的植物油体系统表达载体p1390-YO-KGF2,并采用农杆菌介导法对甘蓝型油菜无菌苗的子叶进行转化。通过PCR、Southern杂交和Western blotting检测,证明外源基因KGF2已经转入油菜中并得到成功表达。     

Keratinocyte growth factor: expression by endometrial epithelia of the porcine uterus

Keratinocyte growth factor/fibroblast growth factor-7 (KGF/FGF-7) is an established paracrine mediator of hormone-regulated epithelial growth and differentiation. In all organs studied, KGF is uniquely expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin. To determine whether KGF and its receptor, keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR) or fibroblast growth factor receptor-2IIIb, were expressed in the porcine uterus as a potential paracrine system mediating progesterone action, we cloned KGF and KGFR partial cDNAs from the porcine endometrium. KGF and KGFR expression was detected in endometrium by Northern blot hybridization. Interestingly, in situ hybridization results demonstrated that KGF was expressed by endometrial epithelia and was particularly abundant between Days 12 and 15 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. KGF secretion into the lumen of the porcine uterus was also detected on Day 12 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. KGFR was expressed in both endometrial epithelia and conceptus trophectoderm. These novel findings suggest that KGF may act on the uterine endometrial epithelium in an autocrine manner and on the conceptus trophectoderm in a paracrine manner in the pig, which is the only species possessing a true epitheliochorial type of placentation.     

Targeting expression of keratinocyte growth factor to keratinocytes elicits striking changes in epithelial differentiation in transgenic mice.

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. Synthesized by cells of the dermal component of skin, KGF's potent mitogenic activity is on the epidermal component, which harbors the receptors for this factor. To explore the possible role of KGF in mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in skin, we used a human keratin 14 promoter to target expression of human KGF cDNA to the stratified squamous epithelia of transgenic mice. Mice expressing KGF in their epidermis typically appeared frail and weak, and often had grossly wrinkled skin. These mice exhibited a gross increase in epidermal thickness accompanied by alterations in epidermal growth and differentiation. Most remarkably, animals displayed several striking and unexpected changes, including a marked suppression of hair follicle morphogenesis and suppression of adipogenesis. With age, some animals developed gross transformations in the tongue epithelium and in epidermis. In addition, they exhibited elevated salivation and their salivary glands showed signs of altered differentiation. Collectively, our findings provide new and important insights into the roles of KGF, implicating this potent growth factor in eliciting global effects not only on growth, but also on development and differentiation, of skin and other tissues. In particular, KGF seems to interfere with signalling of some mesenchymal-epithelial interactions.     

Differential regulated expression of keratinocyte growth factor and its receptor in experimental and human liver fibrosis

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Immunomodulatory and protective properties have been identified for the keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). For hepatocytes, pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of this growth factor have been reported in vitro. This study was designed to characterize a putative role of KGF in observed histomorphological changes in both, human and experimental liver fibrosis. METHODS: Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis was induced in rats by repetitive exposure to phenobarbitone and increasing doses of carbon tetrachloride. Human samples were obtained from patients undergoing surgery for partial hepatectomy or transplantation. Organ samples were scored for inflammation and morphological changes. Expression of KGF and its receptor (KGFR) mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Protein expression and receptor phosphorylation was determined by Western blot analysis. In-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were utilized to determine distribution of KGF and KGFR in the liver. RESULTS: Expression of KGF was significantly increased in damaged liver tissue in correlation to the degree of fibrosis, whereas expression of the receptor was up-regulated in early stages of liver fibrosis and down-regulated in cirrhotic organs. Protein expression of this growth factor and its receptor correlated with the alterations in mRNA. KGF expression was restricted to mesenchymal cells, whereas expression of KGFR was detected on hepatocytes only. CONCLUSION: The expression of KGF and KGFR is differentially and significantly regulated in damaged liver tissue. This growth factor might therefore not only contribute to morphological alterations but also regeneration of liver parenchyma most likely mediated by indirect mechanisms of action.     

Keratinocyte growth factor

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a member of the heparin-binding fibroblast growth factor family (FGF-7) with a distinctive pattern of target-cell specificity. Studies performed in cell culture suggested that KGF was mitogenically active only on epithelial cells, albeit from a variety of tissues. In contrast, KGF was produced solely by cells of mesenchymal origin, leading to the hypothesis that it might function as a paracrine mediator of mesenchymal-epithelial communication. Biochemical analysis and molecular cloning established that the KGF receptor (KGFR) was a tyrosine kinase isoform encoded by the fgfr-2 gene. Many detailed investigations of KGF and KGFR expression in whole tissue and cell lines largely substantiated the pattern initially perceived in vitro of mesenchymal and epithelial distribution, respectively. Moreover, functional assays in organ culture and in vivo and studies of KGF regulation by sex sterorid hormones reinforced the idea that KGF acts predominantly on epithelial cells to elicit a variety of responses including proliferation, migration and morphogenesis.     

Keratinocyte growth factor: effects on keratinocytes and mechanisms of action

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a potent and specific mitogen for different types of epithelial cells, and it can protect these cells from various insults. Due to these properties, it is of particular importance for the repair of injured epithelial tissues, and it is currently therapeutically explored for the treatment of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced mucosal epithelial damage in cancer patients. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of KGF in tissue repair and cytoprotection, and we report on its mechanisms of action in keratinocytes.     

Ectopic gland induction by lens-specific expression of keratinocyte growth factor (FGF-7) in transgenic mice.

During mammalian embryogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal interactions play a determining role in normal tissue patterning and development. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, is a mesenchymally-derived mitogen for epithelial cells. As the KGF receptor is expressed by epithelial cells of numerous tissues and KGF is produced in adjacent stromal cells, KGF is thought to play a role in mediating epithelial cell behaviour. To further investigate the role of this molecule in the development of ocular epithelia we employed transgenic mice engineered to overexpress human KGF in the eye. The most striking phenotypic development was the hyperproliferation of embryonic corneal epithelial cells and their subsequent differentiation into functional lacrimal gland-like tissues. This indicates that stimulation of the KGF receptor early in development, in surface ectoderm normally destined to form corneal epithelium, is sufficient to alter the fate of these cells. Furthermore, this suggests that the correct spatial and temporal expression of FGFs plays a critical role in normal lacrimal gland induction. These transgenic mice provide a valuable model system to study the mechanisms underlying cell fate decisions during ocular morphogenesis.     

Cortactin involvement in the keratinocyte growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 10 promotion of migration and cortical actin assembly in human keratinocytes

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF/FGF7) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10/KGF2) regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation by binding to the tyrosine kinase KGF receptor (KGFR). KGF induces keratinocyte motility and cytoskeletal rearrangement, whereas a direct role of FGF10 on keratinocyte migration is not clearly established. Here we analyzed the motogenic activity of FGF10 and KGF on human keratinocytes. Migration assays and immunofluorescence of actin cytoskeleton revealed that FGF10 is less efficient than KGF in promoting migration and exerts a delayed effect in inducing lamellipodia and ruffles formation. Both growth factors promoted phosphorylation and subsequent membrane translocation of cortactin, an F-actin binding protein involved in cell migration; however, FGF10-induced cortactin phosphorylation was reduced, more transient and delayed with respect to that promoted by KGF. Cortactin phosphorylation induced by both growth factors was Src-dependent, while its membrane translocation and cell migration were blocked by either Src and PI3K inhibitors, suggesting that both pathways are involved in KGF- and FGF10-dependent motility. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated downregulation of cortactin inhibited KGF- and FGF10-induced migration. These results indicate that cortactin is involved in keratinocyte migration promoted by both KGF and FGF10.